2015中科院青藏高原研究所考博参考书、真题、报录比、复试分数线、考博大纲、资料笔记、研究生招生专业目录

学院介绍青藏高原研究所是根据国家经济社会发展重大战略需求，面向世界科学前沿，按照新的和模式，经院党组决定，新组建的研究单元之一。2003年3月3日，中科院正式任命了青藏高原研究所的领导班子成员，12月2日，机构编制委员会办公室复字〔2003〕165号文件《关于中国科学院青藏高原研究所等单位机构编制的批复》，正式批准了青藏高原研究所的成立。青藏高原研究所是“一所三部”，三个部分别设在北京、拉萨、昆明。北京部的主要功能是建立高水平的实验室和开展室内科研工作，以及提供便利的国际学术交流舞台，吸引国内外一流研究人才，组建具有国际水平和创新能力的科研队伍；拉萨部的主要功能是野外实验研究、野外观测台站的运行和为社会经济发展服务；昆明部的主要功能是开展极端环境下生命过程研究。2003年10月，院人教局《关于下达2003年事业编制控制数的通知》（人教字〔2003〕43号）中核定了我所拉萨部及北京部的创新岗位编制数。2008年9月，中科院第十次院长办公会议审议并原则通过了“关于青藏高原研究所过去五年主要进展与今后发展战略的汇报”，认为青藏高原研究所的创新目标调整符合国家经济社会发展需求，将研究所的事业编制增加到150名。目前，研究所已逐步组建起了一支“立足高原，研究高原”的科研人才队伍。截至2008年底，青藏高原所共有在职职工142人，流动人员146人，进创新岗位人员111人。在职职工中，共有科研人员120人，科技支撑人员37人，包括中国科学院院士1人、正高级专业技术人员19人、副高级专业技术人员32人、中国科学院“百人计划”入选者6人、“国家杰出青年科学基金”获得者4人，项目聘用人员31人；流动人员中，共有客座研究员8人、访问学者2人。青藏高原所现有地理学、地质学、大气科学和地球物理学一级学科硕士、博士研究生培养点，并设有自然地理学二级学科博士后流动站；2008年共有在学研究生120人，其中博士生58人、硕士生62人，有在站博士后16人。青藏高原研究所的研究方向是：围绕青藏高原隆升过程及其对亚洲和北半球气候环境影响这一核心科学问题，研究青藏高原地球动力、地表过程与环境变化和极端环境下生物的生态适应性及生物遗传资源等若干领域的国际前沿科学问题，做出独创性的、有重大国际影响的新成果，为适应和改善东亚地区人类生存环境服务。青藏高原研究所的主要任务是：受中国科学院委托，站在国家青藏高原研究重大科学问题需求的高度，组织围绕青藏高原研究的专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com综合项目和计划，协调有关青藏高原研究的长期科研活动，有意识地促进各部门（单位）间优势力量的联合。调动国内外积极因素，充分利用现有资源，有力地推动青藏高原科学研究的发展。在支撑平台方面，加强数据采集平台建设，加强有特色、高水平的实验室建设，组建一支具有国际水平和创新能力的科研队伍，将青藏高原研究所建设成为开放型的、组织管理与国际接轨的国际一流水平的研究机构，逐步成为国际青藏高原研究的中心。科学目标是：通过第一手原始数据和国际前沿的研究手段，在青藏高原岩石圈结构与演化、青藏高原环境演变与全球变化、青藏高原地表与大气过程、生物遗传资源等方面形成原创性的具有重大国际影响的研究成果，持续产出有重要影响的研究论文，形成国际一流的科研团队，建成国际青藏高原研究中心。研究所还进一步明确了近期的主要科研任务；论证了全球变化与地球动力学野外监测平台建设实施计划；持续在前沿领域研究和综合研究方面取得重大进展。根据院《改进和完善各项人才计划的实施意见》文件要求及我所研究方向战略部署，研究所组建了环境变化与地球动力学等科学家小组，实现学科交叉，进行团队作战，促进成果产出。青藏高原研究所的一大核心问题是构建起青藏高原多圈层、立体式研究的野外监测平台和有特色、高水平的实验分析平台。姚檀栋所长强调：青藏高原的研究必须是建立在“三高”的基础上，即大量高精度数据的观测、高分辨率信息的提取和高水平成果的产出。青藏高原野外台站网的布局以地球物理与地质、高分辨率记录与现代过程、高原大气三方面的观测台站为基础，在青藏高原建成北、南、中、东、西五个基本观测基地。目前，研究所设有纳木错圈层相互作用综合观测研究站、珠穆朗玛大气与环境综合观测研究站和藏东南高山环境综合观测研究站3个院级野外台站，阿里高原荒漠环境综合观测研究站和慕士塔格西风带气候综合观测研究站2个所级野外台站和中国科学院青藏高原环境变化与地表过程重点实验室、碰撞与高原隆升实验室2个实验室。青藏高原研究所自成立以来，坚定不移地贯彻执行院制定的办所方针，加强国际合作与交流。并在以下几方面取得了重要进展：一、根据院长办公会议精神指示，瞄准国际化研究所的办所思路，积极、稳妥地进行学术合作副所长（AcademicCo-Director）遴选工作，分别与美国、欧盟、日本等国家相关领域知名专家达成了共识。二、路院长在德国进行高层互访时指示：在一开始便应该举行国际研讨会，使之更加国际化。研究所积极策划、举办由院与自治区联合主办的“第四届青藏高原国际学术研讨会”。三、推动“2＋2”方案，加快国际化研究所建设进程。即：德国马普学会（MPG）联系的科研机构的研究力量和德意志研究联合会（DFG）联系的大学为主的研究力量，与中国科学院（CAS）下属研究机构的研究力量和国家自然科学基金委员会（NSFC）联系的大学和其它部门的研究力量，通过国际合作项目的带动，实现国际团队的高水平研究。专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com四、完成了与美国、日本等国科学家多个国际合作研究项目的论证，并签署了科技合作协议。二、2015年中国科学院大学自然地理学考博参考书三、中国科学院大学自然地理学考博真题四、中国科学院大学自然地理学考博报录比五、2015年中国科学院大学自然地理学博士研究生招生专业目录学科、专业名称（代码）研究预计招指导教师考试科目方向生人数070501自然地理学01青藏高原气候环境与全球变化23①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3134气候学或3174全球变化①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3041普通地质学或3100第四纪地质学①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3134气候学或3169地理信息系统①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3174全球变化①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3100第四纪地质学或3169地理信息系统①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3174全球变化或3192生态系统生态学①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3169地理信息系统备注姚檀栋02青藏高原湖泊变化与全球环境朱立平03冰芯环境过程研究田立德04环境变化与过程徐柏青05高原地貌与3S技术应用易朝路06生物地理与生态过程罗天祥07寒区水文水资源刘景时专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com08水文气象学张寅生①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3134气候学或3174全球变化①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3174全球变化或3192生态系统生态学同上09全球变化与草原管理汪诗平10森林生态过程与气候变化梁尔源11环境微生物张更新①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3041普通地质学或3174全球变化或3192生态系统生态学①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3041普通地质学或3100第四纪地质学①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3169地理信息系统或3174全球变化同上①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3174全球变化或3192生态系统生态学①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3041普通地质学或3100第四纪地质学①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3100第四纪地质学或3174全球变化①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3174全球变化或3192生态系统生态学同上12古湖沼学与生物地球化学侯居峙13水文水资源与全球变化苏凤阁14水文与环境过程15水文气象、地表水文、生态水文张凡兰措16地貌过程与沉积冯金良17青藏高原现代环境与环境变化邬光剑18微生物生态与碳氮循环过程19极端环境微生物生态孔维栋刘勇勤专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com20水文学与环境变化周石硚①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3169地理信息系统或3174全球变化①1001英语一②2046自然地理学③3134气候学或3174全球变化21环境变化与污染王小萍070602大气物理学与大气环境01青藏高原大气边界层过程与卫星遥感应用02大气物理与陆面过程①1001英语一②2132大气物理学③3134气候学或3169地理信息系统或3174全球变化同上①1001英语一②2132大气物理学③3174全球变化或3192生态系统生态学马耀明阳坤03水文气象王磊070904构造地质学01大地构造与同位素年代学①1001英语一②2093构造地质学③3041普通地质学或3076岩石学①1001英语一②2046自然地理学或2093构造地质学③3041普通地质学或3100第四纪地质学①1001英语一②2093构造地质学③3076岩石学①1001英语一②2093构造地质学或2166地球物理学③3041普通地质学同上同上丁林02气候-构造相互作用及其资源效应方小敏03造山带演化范蔚茗04大地热流与岩石圈热结构05壳幔结构与动力学06岩石圈变形动力学数值模拟赵平赵俊猛何建坤专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com07构造古地磁颜茂都①1001英语一②2093构造地质学③3041普通地质学或3076岩石学同上①1001英语一②2093构造地质学③3076岩石学①1001英语一②2093构造地质学或2166地球物理学③3041普通地质学或3076岩石学08元素及同位素地球化学09岩石大地构造孙亚莉史仁灯10信息处理技术在地震学的应用白玲六、中国科学院大学英语考博大纲考试对象报考中国科学院大学各单位（具体指中国科学院所属各研究院、所、中心、园、台、站及校部各直属院系）相关专业拟攻读博士学位的考生。考试目的检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。考试类型、考试内容及考试结构本考试共有五个部分：词汇（占10%）、完形填空（占15%）、阅读理解（占40%）、英译汉（占15%），写作（占20%）。试卷分为：试卷一（PaperOne）客观试题，包括前三个部分，共75题，顺序排号；试卷二（PaperTwo）主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个部分。一、词汇主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。词和词组的测试范围基本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。共20题。每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。二、完形填空主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。要求考生就所给篇章中15处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。三、阅读理解专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com本部分共分两节。要求考生能：1）掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；2）进行相关的判断和推理；3）准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义；4）领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。A节：主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。考生须完成1800-2000词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出最佳答案。B节：主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。考生须完成700－900词的阅读量（2篇短文），并根据每篇文章（约400词）的内容，从文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。四、英译汉要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。五、写作要求考生按照命题、所给提纲或背景图、表写出一篇不少于200字的短文。目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。考试时间及计分考试时间总计为180分钟,其中试卷一为110分钟,试卷二为70分钟。卷面总分100分。详见下表：试卷一：题号IIIIII-AIII-B小计试卷二：题号IVV小计名称英译汉–语篇中句子写作题量516分值152035时间（分钟）304070分钟名称词汇选择填空完形填空阅读理解（A）阅读理解（B）题量2015301075分值1015301065时间（分钟）15156020110分钟专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comSAMPLETESTUNIVERSITYOFCHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCESENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATIONFORDOCTORALCANDIDATESPAPERONEPARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa__________symbolamonguniversityprofessors.A.postB.statusC.positionD.place2.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof___________archaeologicalresearch.A.legibleB.legitimateC.legislativeD.illicit3.Weseekasocietythathasatits__________arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.A.endB.handC.coreD.best4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly_________thecountry’snormaleducationaldevelopment.A.impededB.impartedC.imploredD.implemented5.Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan________fortherestofyourlife.A.spelloutB.calluponC.falloverD.resortto6.Oilcanchangeasocietymore____________thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.A.grosslyB.severely专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comC.rapidlyD.drastically7.Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof___________istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.A.elitismB.eloquenceC.eminenceD.etiquette8.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere_____________inmanypartsofit.A.alteredB.criticizedC.incorporatedD.translated9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo__________waitingforhimtocomehome.A.overB.withC.downD.through10.Whileacountry’seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore____________abouttheirqualityoflife.A.discriminatingB.distributingC.disagreeingD.disclosing11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto____________them.A.findfaultwithB.makethemostofC.lookdownuponD.getevenwith12.TheMinister’s_________answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.A.impressiveB.evasiveC.intensiveD.exhaustive13.Inproportionasthe____________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.A.intoleranceB.pessimismC.injusticeD.antagonism14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan’t__________onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.A.countB.insistC.fallD.dwell专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com15.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir__________andranintotheelevator.A.heartsB.tempersC.headsD.senses16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply___________everycheatinthemarketplace.A.atthemercyofB.inlieuofC.bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_________Singaporepension.A.equivalentB.similarC.consistentD.identical18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk____________.A.honestlyB.graciouslyC.coherentlyD.flexibly19.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits_____________life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.A.significanceinB.imaginationatC.resemblancetoD.predominanceover20.Shewasartfulandcouldalways____________herparentsintheend.A.shoutdownB.getroundC.complywithD.passoverPARTIICLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureof专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comfairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.(1996)21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.oneachievedTransfersextentoutgrowthneededpossibleinleastraceonlessratherlineifB.itB.succeededB.TransactionsB.scaleB.outcropB.needyB.possiblyB.withB.lateB.paceB.upB.fewerB.hardlyB.moveB.orC.thisD.thereC.producedD.executedC.TransportsD.TranscriptsC.measureD.rangeC.outputD.outcomeC.needlessD.needingC.probableD.probablyC.asD.toC.latestD.lastC.faceD.laceC.downD.outC.manyD.littleC.thenD.yetC.driveD.trackC.whileD.asPARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSectionA(60minutes,30points)Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselect专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Passage1Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent.Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective.Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome(thesis)andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines(antithesis).Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_____________.A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricaleventB.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpretedC.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricaleventD.attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe____________.A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainaneventB.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheeventC.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricaleventD.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalue38.Thebestdefinitionfortheterm“historicalsynthesis”wouldbe______________.A.combiningelementsofdifferentmaterialintoaunifiedwholeB.atentativetheorysetforthasanexplanationforaneventC.thedirectoppositeoftheoriginalinterpretationofaneventD.interpretinghistoricalmaterialtoprovethathistoryrepeatsitself39.Ahistorianseekstoreconstructthe“spirit”ofatimeperiodbecause____________.A.theeventsinhistoryaremoreimportantthanthepeoplewhomakehistoryB.existinghypothesesareadequateinexplaininghistoricaleventsC.thisisthebestmethodtodeterminethesinglemostimportantcauseforaparticularactionD.varyingfactorscanbeassimilatedwithinacommonbase40.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorconsiderfalse?A.Onefactorinahistoricalsynthesiswillnothaveagreatervaluethanotherfactors.B.Itispossibletoanalyzecommonunifyingpointsinhypotheses.C.Historicaleventsshouldbestudiedaspartofacontinuuminhistory.D.Asynthesisseekstodeterminewhyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid.Passage2Whenyoucallthepolice,thepolicedispatcherhastolocatethecarnearestyouthatisfreetorespond.Thismeansthedispatcherhastokeeptrackofthestatusandlocationofeverypolicecar—notaneasytaskforalargedepartment.Anotherproblem,whichariseswhencarsareassignedtoregularpatrols,isthatthepatrolsmaybetooregular.Ifcriminalsfindoutthatpolicecarswillpassaparticularlocationatregularintervals,theysimplyplantheircrimesfortimeswhennopatrolisexpected.Therefore,patrolcarsshouldpassbyanyparticular专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comlocationatrandomtimes;thefactthatacarjustpassedshouldbenoguaranteethatanotheroneisnotjustaroundthecorner.Yetsimplyorderingtheofficerstopatrolatrandomwouldleadtochaos.Acomputerdispatchingsystemcansolveboththeseproblems.Thecomputerhasnotroublekeepingtrackofthestatusandlocationofeachcar.Withthisinformation,itcandetermineinstantlywhichcarshouldrespondtoanincomingcall.Andwiththeaidofapseudorandomnumbergenerator,thecomputercanassignroutinepatrolssothatcriminalscan’tpredictjustwhenapolicecarwillpassthroughaparticulararea.(Beforecomputers,policesometimesusedroulettewheelsandsimilardevicestomakerandomassignments.)Computersalsocanrelievepoliceofficersfromconstantlyhavingtoreporttheirstatus.Thepolicecarwouldcontainaspecialautomaticradiotransmitterandreceiver.Theofficerwouldsetadialonthisunitindicatingthecurrentstatusofthecar—patrolling,directingtraffic,chasingaspeeder,answeringacall,outtolunch,andsoon.Whennecessary,thecomputeratheadquarterscouldpollthecarforitsstatus.Thevoiceradiochannelswouldnotbecloggedwithcarsconstantlyreportingwhattheyweredoing.Acomputerinthecarautomaticallycoulddeterminethelocationofthecar,perhapsusingtheLORANmethod.Thelocationofthecaralsowouldbesentautomaticallytotheheadquarterscomputer.41.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe___________.A.ComputersandCrimesB.PatrolCarDispatchingC.ThePowerfulComputersD.ThePolicewithModernEquipment42.ApolicedispatcherisNOTsupposedto_____________.A.locateeverypatrolcarB.guaranteecarsonregularpatrolsC.keepintouchwitheachpolicecarD.findoutwhichcarshouldrespondtotheincomingcall43.Ifthepatrolsaretooregular,_____________.A.thedispatcherswillbeboredwithitB.theofficersmaybecomecarelessC.thecriminalsmaytakeadvantageofitD.thestreetswillbeinastateofchaos44.Thecomputerdispatchingsystemisparticularlygoodat______________.专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comA.B.C.D.assigningcarstoregularpatrolsrespondingtotheincomingcallsorderingofficerstoreporttheirlocationmakingroutinepatrolsunpredictable45.Accordingtotheaccountinthelastparagraph,howcanapatrolcarbelocatedwithoutcomputers?A.Policeofficersreporttheirstatusconstantly.B.Theheadquarterspollthecarforitsstatus.C.Aradiotransmitterandreceiverisinstalledinacar.D.Adialinthecarindicatesitscurrentstatus.Passage3Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulse.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemtoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl-friend.Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosanechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com46.Accordingtotheauthor,thebestwaytoretellastorytoachildisto______________.A.tellitinacreativewayB.takefromitwhatthechildlikesC.addtoitwhateverathandD.readitoutofthestorybook.47.Inthesecondparagraph,whichstatementbestexpressestheauthor’sattitudetowardsfairystories?A.Heseesinthemtheworstofhumannature.B.Hedislikeseverythingaboutthem.C.Heregardsthemasmoreofabenefitthanharms.D.Heisexpectantoftheexperimentalresults.48.Accordingtotheauthor,fairystoriesaremostlikelyto____________.A.makechildrenaggressivethewholelifeB.incitedestructivenessinchildrenC.functionasasafetyvalveforchildrenD.addchildren’senjoymentofcrueltytoothers49.Ifthechildhasheardsomehorrorstoryformorethanonce,accordingtotheauthor,hewouldprobablybe______________.A.scaredtodeathB.takingitandevenenjoyingitC.sufferingmorethepainoffearD.dangerouslyterrified50.Theauthor’smentionofbroomsticksandtelephonesismeanttoemphasizethat___________.A.oldfairystorieskeepupdatingthemselvestocaterformodernneedsB.fairystorieshaveclaimedmanylivesofvictimsC.fairystorieshavethrownourworldintochaosD.fairystoriesareafterallfairystoriesPassage4Therehasbeenalotofhand-wringingoverthedeathofElizabethSteinberg.Withoutblaminganyoneinparticular,neighbors,friends,socialworkers,thepoliceandnewspapereditorshavestruggledtodefinethecommunity’sresponsibilitytoElizabethandtootherbatteredchildren.Asthecollectivesoul-searchingcontinues,thereisapervadingsensethatthesystemfailedher.专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comThefactis,inNewYorkStatethesystemcouldn’thavesavedher.Itisalmostimpossibletoprotectachildfromviolentparents,especiallyiftheyarewhite,middle-class,well-educatedandrepresentedbycounsel.Whydoesthestatepermitviolenceagainstchildren?Thereareanumberofreasons.First,parentalprivilegeisarationalization.Inthepast,thelawwasgivingitsapprovaltothebiblicalinjunctionagainstsparingtherod.Second,whileeveryoneagreesthatthestatemustacttoremovechildrenfromtheirhomeswhenthereisdangerofseriousphysicaloremotionalharm,manychildadvocatesbelievethatstateinterventionintheabsenceofseriousinjuryismoreharmfulthanhelpful.Third,courtsandlegislaturestreadcarefullywhentheiractionsintrudeorthreatentointrudeonarelationshipprotectedbytheConstitution.In1923,theSupremeCourtrecognizedthe“libertyofparentandguardiantodirecttheupbringingandeducationofchildrenundertheircontrol.”Morerecently,in1977,itupheldtheteacher’sprivilegetousecorporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildren.Readtogether,thesedecisionsgivetheconstitutionalimprimaturtoparentaluseofphysicalforce.Underthebestconditions,smallchildrendependutterlyontheirparentsforsurvival.Undertheworst,theirdependencydoomsthem.WhileitisquestionablewhetheranyoneoranythingcouldhavesavedElizabethSteinberg,itisplainthatthelawprovidednoprotection.Tothecontrary,byjustifyingtheuseofphysicalforceagainstchildrenasanacceptablemethodofeducationandcontrol,thelawlentameasureofplausibilityandlegitimacytoherparents’conduct.Morethan80yearsago,intheteethofparentalresistanceandSupremeCourtdoctrine,theNewYorkStateLegislatureactedtoeliminatechildlaborlaw.Now,thestatemustacttoeliminatechildabusebybanningcorporalpunishment.Tobreakthecycleofviolence,nothinglesswillanswer.IfthereisalessontobedrawnfromthedeathofElizabethSteinberg,itisthis:sparetherodandsparethechild.51.TheNewYorkStatelawseemstoprovideleastprotectionofachildfromviolentparentsof____________.A.afamilyonwelfareB.apooruneducatedfamilyC.aneducatedblackfamilyD.amiddle-classwhitefamily52.“Sparingtherod”(inboldface)means____________.A.spoilingchildren专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comB.punishingchildrenC.notcaringaboutchildrenD.notbeatingchildren53.Corporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildrenis_____________.A.takenasillegalintheNewYorkStateB.consideredbeingintheteacher’sprovinceC.officiallyapprovedbylawD.disapprovedbyschoolteachers54.FromthearticlewecaninferthatElizabethSteinbergisprobablythevictimof____________.A.teachers’corporalpunishmentB.misjudgmentofthecourtC.parents’ill-treatmentD.streetviolence55.Thewriterofthisarticlethinksthatbanningcorporalpunishmentwillinthelongrun_____________.A.preventviolenceofadultsB.savemorechildrenC.protectchildrenfromill-treatmentD.betterthesystemPassage5Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityscholars,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Disastrousdeathsmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateacquaintances.AstorysetinamoreremoteAfricanjungleorAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablytruebackground.The专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comelaborate,carefully-assembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsof“significant”novels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlytakedelightintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler,Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.56.Thecrimenovelisregardedbytheauthoras_________________.A.anotrespectableformofthetraditionalnovelB.notatruenovelatallC.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovelD.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel57.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin_______________.A.seekingrestfromworkorworriesB.solvingmysteriousdeathsinthissocietyC.restoringexpectationsinpolitesocietyD.preventingcrimes58.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,_____________.A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovelsB.asrealaslifeitselfC.notlikehumanbeingsatallD.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com59.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissometimesinamoreremoteplacebecause___________.A.itismorerealB.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithitC.itpleasesthereadersinawayD.itneedsthereaders’support60.Thewriterofthispassagethinks_____________.A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidenceB.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumphC.theyknowintherealworldgooddoesnotprevailoverevilD.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreadingPassage6Wheneverweareinvolvedinacreativetypeofactivitythatisself-rewarding,afeelingovercomesus—afeelingthatwecancall“flow.”Whenweareflowingweloseallsenseoftimeandawarenessofwhatishappeningaroundus;instead,wefeelthateverythingisgoingjustright.Arockdancerdescribeshisfeelingofflowlikethis:“IfIhaveenoughspace,IfeelIcanradiateanenergyintotheatmosphere.Icandanceforwalls,Idanceforfloors.Ibecomeonewiththeatmosphere.”“Youareinanecstaticstatetosuchapointthatyoudon’texist,”saysacomposer,describinghowhefeelswhenhe“flows.”Playersofanysportthroughouttheworldarefamiliarwiththefeelingofflow;theyenjoytheiractivityverymuch,eventhoughtheycanexpectlittleextrinsicreward.Thesameholdstrueforsurgeons,caveexplorers,andmountainclimbers.Flowprovidesasortofphysicalsensationalongwithanalteredstateofbeing.Onemanputitthisway:“Yourbodyfeelsgoodandawakeallover.Yourenergyisflowing.”Peoplewhoflowfeelpartofthisenergy;thatis,theyaresoinvolvedinwhattheyaredoingthattheydonotthinkofthemselvesasbeingseparatefromtheiractivity.Theyareflowingalongwiththeirenjoyment.Moreover,theyconcentrateintenselyontheiractivity.Theydonottrytoconcentrateharder,however;theconcentrationcomesautomatically.Achessplayercomparesthisconcentrationtobreathing.Astheyconcentrate,thesepeoplefeelimmersedintheaction,lostintheaction.Theirsenseoftimeisalteredandtheyskipmealsandsleepwithoutnoticingtheirloss.Sizesandspacesalsoseemaltered:successfulbaseballplayersseeandhittheballsomuchbetterbecauseitseemslargertothem.Theycanevendistinguishtheseamsonaballapproachingthemat165kilometersperhour.专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comItseemsthenthatflowisa“floatingaction”inwhichtheindividualisawareofhisactionsbutnotawareofhisawareness.Agoodreaderissoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknowsheisturningthepagestogoonreading,buthedoesnotnoticeheisturningthesepages.Themomentpeoplethinkaboutit,flowisdestroyed,sotheyneveraskthemselvesquestionssuchas“AmIdoingwell?”or“Dideveryoneseemyjump?”Finally,toflowsuccessfullydependsagreatdealontheactivityitself;nottoodifficulttoproduceanxiety,nottooeasytobringaboutboredom;challenging,interesting,fun.Somegoodexamplesofflowactivitiesaregamesandsports,reading,learning,workingonwhatyouenjoy,andevenday-dreaming.61.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.toillustratethefeelingof“flow”B.toanalyzethecausesofaspecialfeelingC.todefinethenewpsychologicalterm“flow”D.toleadpeopletoacquirethefeelingof“flow”62.Inthisarticle,“flow”referstoafeelingwhichprobablyresultsfrom_____________.A.awarenessB.ecstasyC.unconsciousnessD.self-rewarding63.Theword“immersed”(inboldface)isclosestinmeaningto_____________.A.occupiedB.engrossedC.soakedD.committed.Whatdoesoneusuallyactwhile“flowing”inreading?A.thinkswhatheisdoingB.wondershowfasthecanreadC.turnsthepagesD.mindsthepagenumber65.Theactivitywhichcansuccessfullybringabout“flow”ismostprobably____________.A.grippingB.difficult专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comC.boringD.easySectionB(20minutes,10points)Direction:Ineachofthefollowingpassages,fivesentenceshavebeenremovedfromtheoriginaltext.TheyarelistedfromAtoFandputbelowthepassage.Choosethemostsuitablesentencefromthelisttofillineachoftheblanks(numbered66to75).Foreachpassage,thereisonesentencethatdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonyourmachinescoringAnswerSheet.Passage1Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.---66---AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.---67---By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachinetoolindustrywasontheropes.---68---Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.---69---Theirsometimes-sensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.---70---In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.\"Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,\"accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment.“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanof专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comtheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas\"agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.\"A.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinvestedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.Howthingshavechanged!Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.Someofthenation'slargestbusinessesshrinkinsizewhentheyappearonthegovernment'sdatabaseoffederalcontractors.B.C.D.E.F.Passage2Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.---71---Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.---72---TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.---73---Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.---74---Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.---75---Andintheendtheskills专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.A.IfAmericanworkersforexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStated.B.Theheadofhumanresourcemanagementisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.C.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.D.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.E.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.F.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.PAPERTWOPARTVTRANSLATION(30minutes,15points)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourpiecesofChineseversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheetII.ThereisnogreaterpowerintheworldtodaythanthatwieldedbythemanipulatorsofpublicopinioninAmerica.(1)Nokingorpopeofold,noconqueringgeneralorhighpriesteverdisposedofapowerevenremotelyapproachingthatofthefewdozenmenwhocontrolAmerica’smassnewsandentertainmentmedia.(2)Theirpowerisnotdistantandimpersonal;itreachesintoeveryhomeinAmerica,anditworksitswillduringnearlyeverywakinghour.Itisthepowerwhichshapesandmoldsthemindofvirtuallyeverycitizen,youngorold,richorpoor,simpleorsophisticated.Themassmediaformforusourimageoftheworldandthentelluswhattothinkaboutthatimage.(3)Essentiallyeverythingweknow—orthinkweknow—abouteventsoutsideourownneighborhoodorcircleofacquaintancescomestousviaourdailynewspaper,ourweeklynewsmagazine,ourradio,orourtelevision.专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comItisnotjusttheheavy-handedsuppressionofcertainnewsstoriesfromournewspapersortheblatantpropagandizingofhistory-distortingTV“docudramas”whichcharacterizestheopinion-manipulatingtechniquesofthemediamasters.Theyexercisebothsubtletyandthoroughnessintheirmanagementofboththenewsandtheentertainmentwhichtheypresenttous.Forexample,thewayinwhichthenewsiscovered:(4)whichitemsareemphasizedandwhichareplayeddown,thereporter’schoiceofwords,toneofvoice,andfacialexpressions;thewordingofheadlines;thechoiceofillustrations—allofthesethingssubliminally（浅意识地）andyetprofoundlyaffectthewayinwhichweinterpretwhatweseeorhear.Ontopofthis,ofcourse,thecolumnistsandeditorsremoveanyremainingdoubtfromourmindsastojustwhatwearetothinkaboutitall.(5)Employingcarefullydevelopedpsychologicaltechniques,theyguideourthoughtandopinionsothatwecanbeintunewiththe“in”crowd,the“beautifulpeople,”the“smartmoney.”TheyletusknowexactlywhatourattitudesshouldbetowardvarioustypesofpeopleandbehaviorbyplacingthosepeopleorthatbehaviorinthecontextofaTVdramaorsituationcomedyandhavingtheotherTVcharactersreacttotheminthePoliticallyCorrectway.PARTVIWRITING(40minutes,20points)Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsetheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheetII.TopicAnythingthatisoverdonemaybringunwantedresults.AddictiontotheInternetisofnoexception.Discusstheharmfuleffectsonaperson’slifewhenhe/sheisindulgedintheInternet.专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.comKEYPARTIVOCABULARY1.B2.B3.CA11.D12.B13.D14.A15.C4.A16.A5.B17.A6.D18.C7.D19.C8.C9.D20.B10.PARTIICLOZETEST21.D22.A23.AC29.D30.B31.D32.C33.C34.A24.B35.B25.D26.A27.B28.PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSectionA36.C37.C38.B39.D40.A41.B62.B43.C44.D45.A46.A47.C48.C49.B50.D51.D52.D53.B54.C55.A56.D57.A58.D59.C60.B61.A62.D63.B.C65.ASectionB66.B67.E68.A69.D70.C71.D72.E73.C74.A75.FPARTIVPARTVTRANSLATIONSuggestedChineseversionforthe5EnglishSegments:（1）过去的国王、教皇、征战他国的大将军或者教会的长老所行使的权力远远无法与当今那几十个控制着美国大众新闻、娱乐媒体的人手中的权力相比拟。（2）他们的权力之手伸得很近，伸及到每一个人，伸及到美国的每一个家庭。人们除了睡眠之外，几乎无时无刻不在受着这个权力意志的影响。（3）从根本上说，我们所了解的（或者说我们认为我们所了解的）一切有关我们居住地或者熟人圈之外发生的事件的信息，都是通过我们的新闻日报、周刊、广播或者电视而获得的。（4）哪些是重点强调的、哪些是刻意低调报道的；报道者所用的字汇、语调；他（她）的面部表情；标题的用语、图片的选择；所有这一切，都不知不觉地但却根深蒂固地影响着我们对所见所闻的理解和解释。（5）他们精心地运用现代心理技术引导我们的思想和看法，使我们与他们所宣扬的一些观点如：“时尚大众”、“美丽的人”、“聪明财富”相一致。PARTVIWRITING(40minutes,20points)专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com（略）专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威www.ssqbedu.com