户外野营须知

户外生存技巧

Wildness Survival Skills

编者：经英Q1141班

Edited by: Financial English Class Q1141

户外野营须知 Camping Guidelines

1. 携带必要的逃生工具，例如军刀、水壶、绳子和打火石。

Have the necessary tools to survive. For example, saber kettle, rope and flint, etc.

2. 水非常重要。即使没有足够的水也不要吃雪，因为这会使你的体温下降，从

而减少你逃生的机会。

Water is very important .Ever if there is no water, you can’t eat snow .Because it can make your temperature drop so that your chance of survival are reduced.

3. 生火非常重要，因为它能够烘干你的衣服，给你光亮，增强你的信心，同时

驱赶野兽。Making a fire is also very important, for it can dry clothes, give you the light, increase confidence and drive wild animals.

4. 宿营时，最好使你的床远离地面，这样可以避免蛇和其它动物的攻击。

In the camp, you'd better make your bed away from the ground; in this way you can avoid snakes and other animal attacks.

5. 如果阳光刺眼，最好用衣服遮住眼睛，以免你什么都看不见。

If the sun is dazzling, you must use the clothes to keep you eyes in case of blindness.

6. 如果你感觉头昏脑胀，最好放松一下心情，躺下来舒缓一下身体，或者稍稍

解开衣服，休息一下。

When you feel uncomfortable and giddy(),you should relax the mood, lie down to free body, release clothes and have a rest.

7. 保持你自己的健康与急救是困难的。你可能没有正确的供应、知识。如果你

有一个刺痛伤口一直施加压力。感染可能是危险甚至致命的。如果你有一个伤口,找到某种布和系在紧伤口。设法使它尽可能的干净。如果你有一个急救包,明智地利用它。

Keeping yourself healthy with first aid can be difficult. You may not have the right supplies or knowledge. If you have a stab wound always apply pressure. Infections can be dangerous or even deadly. If you have a wound, find some sort of cloth and tie it on tightly on the wound. Try to make it as clean as possible. If you have a first aid pack, use it wisely.

8. 找到或者用一些树枝搭建一个蔽身处来遮风挡雨。洞穴可能是很好的选择，

但是必须确保它没有被危险的动物占领。

Find a place for shelter; you also can use some branch to set up a shelter to keep out the rain. The cave may be a good choice, but you must make sure that it doesn’t be taken over by dangerous animals.

9. 找一些易燃的干草或羽毛来生火，收集足够多的木柴确保火不会熄灭。如果

没有打火机也可以通过放大镜、眼镜镜片、手表盖子来利用阳光生火。 Find some flammable hay or feather to set fire and you also need to collect firewood as many as possible. If you do not have lighter, you can resort to magnifier, glasses and the cover of watch to use solar energy.

10. 当你在野外的时候，试着用工具或武器保护自己，一根尖尖的棍子可能会有

用。

When you’re in the open field, try to protect yourself with a tool or weapon. A sharpened stick or club would work.

11. 总是想着乐观的事情。否则，恐惧将会战胜你。

Always think of positive things, or fear might defeat you.

12. 如果你有一个伤口,找到某种布和系在紧伤口。设法使它尽可能的干净。如果

你有一个急救包,明智地利用它。

If you have a wound, find some sort of cloth and tie it on tightly on the wound. Try to make it as clean as possible. If you have a first aid pack, use it wisely.

13. 牢记：睡袋不会自行加温或加热，它只是减缓或降低身体的热量释放，最好

的方式是身体。

Remember in your mind: Sleeping bag can not heat by itself. It can only reduce the bodies' heat of release. The best way of survival is to store more heat energy.

14. 远离不良环境：帐篷坐落于舒适的位置可以增加约30度的温度，营地不要

选择溪底，因为此处是冷空气聚集处，且不要扎营于山脊，选择森林处或是运用露宿袋或挖雪洞的方式。

Keep away from the bad situation: Tent is located in a comfortable position can increase the temperatures of around 30 degrees, camps do not select end of stream, because cold air gathered here, and don't camp in mountain ranges, select the forest or use sleeping bags or dug snow cave.

15. 睡袋的蓬松度：初期的蓬松度与隔热使用时会稍差较不暖，最好是搭好帐篷

就摊开睡袋让它蓬松，当然是时间愈久愈好。

Fluffy degree of sleeping bag: Initially fluffy and insulation is slightly less when using warm, it is best to set tents and to spread out sleeping bags to make it fluffy, of course the longer, the better.

16. 完整防水性：任何潮湿的睡垫都会让人受不了且不舒服，若没有防水的睡袋

套可用大型的垃圾袋取代，恶劣天候，内帐会聚集水滴，所以帐篷的窗户须开细缝，让帐篷通风，当雨过天晴，就须取出并晒睡袋，若是雪期则直接摊

在帐篷内。穿足够衣物，最好带一顶帽子因为身体的热能有一半是从头部消散。

Complete water resistance: Any wet sleeping pads are burdensome and not comfortable, waterproof sleeping bag liner is not available a large garbage bag instead, inclement weather, account aggregation drops, window to crack open the tent, tents, ventilation, when the storm, will be removed and Sun sleeping bag, direct assessment if snow inside the tent. Wear adequate clothing, preferably with a hat because the body from the head half of the heat energy is dissipated.

17. 饱食：食物是燃料，睡前不要空肚，睡前吃些高热量食物，同时充足的水是

对人体的代谢功能相当重要，当你感到疲累，睡觉时被渴醒，或当你想喝水要多喝水，每天的排尿次数约四至五次，尿液最好呈透明色，若是黄色代表身体依然呈脱水状态。

Full stomach: Food is the fuel, before rests do not have to empty the stomach , rests eats high thermal food, simultaneously the sufficient moisture is quite important to the human body metabolism function, when you feel exhausted, sleeps when is awaked thirstily, or when you want to drink water must drink water, the daily urination number of times four to five times, the urine is approximately best assumes thoroughly the brilliant color, if the yellow still assumes the dehydrated condition on behalf of the body.

18. 暖身：吃好足够的晚餐与热饮，然后在月光下漫步一阵，以不流汗为标准，

让身体暖和，这样才能抵御外部环境的考验，拥有一个温暖的睡眠。 Warm up: Good enough to eat dinner and hot drinks, and then walk in the Moonlight, by not sweating as standard, so warm, so as to resist the test of external environment, with a warm sleeping.

19. 尽量少喝水。至少带两件衣服。带上蜡烛和宿营灯。通过葡萄糖和巧克力补

充能量。

Drink less times; take at least two clothes, use the candles or camp lamp, and add energy by eating ATP, glucose and chocolate.

20. 不要招惹野兽。 Don't touch wild animal.

21. 掌握生存本领，学会储备和科学使用水和食物。

Master basic survival skills, learn to store water and food and use them scientifically.

22. 要非常谨慎，不能疏忽大意。

Be more careful, can't keep your mind out, or you will be very dangerous.

如何辨别方向 How to Find the Direction

23. 当发现迷路后，深呼吸，保持镇静。站在原地，仔细查看四周。给你所处的

位置做标记。试图找到任何可能的帮助。做记号。尝试显示你所在位置的环境。

Take deep breath and keep clam when you find yourself lost. Stand in the place where you get lost, and look around carefully. Mark the position where you’ve lost. Try to get help any way possible. Make a signal. Try to show around your environment that you were there.

24. 如果电话还能使用，立即拨叫进行呼救。指南针和手表可以帮助我们确定方

向。我们也可以发送国际求救信号SOS。

If the mobile phone is available, just use it to call for help. A compass can help us to find direction. Sometimes a watch also can help us. Or maybe

we can try to send the international distress signal “SOS”.

25. 有时候，可以顺着河流找到有人烟的地方

Sometimes, you can find the inhabited zones, following the river or creek.

26. 如果你夜晚在森里迷失方向，并且情况并非很危急的时候，你最好呆在原地

别动，以便保存你的能量。你可以找个安全的地方休息，等待天亮。 When you are lost in the forest at night, if the situation is not so urgent, you had better stay the place you got lost. Don’t move around. To save your energy, you can find a save place to rest and wait until dawn.

27. 爬到山顶上，确定你的方向，这样你能看得更清楚，易于找到其他人。

You should climb to the top of the mountain and locate your position so that you can look clearly and easily find human beings.

28. 带指针的手表 用于将手表托平，表盘向上，转动手表，将表盒上的时针指

向太阳。这时，表的时针与表盘上的12点形成一个夹角，这个夹角的角平分线的延长线方向就是南方。

Put the watch with pointer flat, with the dial up. Turn the watch, making the hour hand pointing to the sun, when there will be an included angle between the hour hand and 12 o’clock position. Then the extended line of the angular bisector of the included angle points to the south.

29. 北极星是最好的指南针，它的方向就是北方。

Polaris s is the best compass, the direction of which is the north.

30. 北斗七星，也就是大熊星座，像一个巨大的勺子，在晴朗的夜空是很容易找

到的，从勺边的两颗星的延长线方向看去，约间隔其5倍处，有一颗较亮的星星就是北极星，即正北方。

Big Dipper, i.e., Big Bear, like a huge spoon, is easy to be found in the

clear night sky. Seen from the extended lines of two stars on either side of the Big Dipper, a start seems brighter than other ones at the distance five times of interval, which is just Polaris, i.e., the direction of due north.

31. 立竿见影 在晴朗的白天，用一根直杆，使其与地面垂直，插在地上，在太

阳的照射下形成一个阴影。把一块石子放在影子的顶点处，约15分钟后，直杆影子的顶点移动到另一处时，再放一块石子，然后将两个石子连成一条直线，向太阳的一面是南方，相反的方向是北方，直杆越细、越垂直于地面，影子移动的距离越长，测出的方向就越准。

Put a straight pole vertically into the ground in the sunny day, making it perpendicular to the ground to form a shadow under the sun's radiation. Put a stone at the vertices of the shadow and another one 15 minters later when the vertices moves to another place. Then draw a straight line between the two stones, with the line direction facing the sun of south and the opposite of north. The thinner the pole is, the more vertical it is to the ground, and the longer the moving distance of the pole is, the more accurate the measured direction is.

32. 树木、苔藓 树冠茂密的一面应是南方，稀疏的一面是北方。苔藓的道理与

之相间。另外，通过观察树木的年轮也可判明方向。年轮纹路疏的一面朝南方，纹路密的一面朝北方。

The thicker sides of trees, mosses, and crowns indicate the south and the sparse sides signify the north. In addition, the direction can be judged by observing the tree rings. The sparse side of tree lines faces towards south and thicker side faces towards north.

33. 积雪的融化 积雪融化的地方定是朝南方的。

The places where the snows melt must be towards the south.

34. 一般来说，树木的南面都长得比较茂盛。但是在冬天，南面的树却枯萎的最

快。另外，南面的树皮更加光滑。在中国的农村，许多的人的房子都坐北朝南，有些庙宇和塔也是这样。

Generally speaking，the south of the trees are usually very lump . But in the winter, they wither quickly. What’s more, the barks of a tree are smoother in the south. In Chinese countryside, most people build their house with their doors toward the south. It is true of temples and pagodas.

如何寻找水源 How to Find Water

35. 去森林的人都应该带上水。如果水喝完了，可以找一些干净的地下水。

Everyone who goes into the jungle should bring enough water. If water is drunk over, we can try to find the clean groundwater.

36. 找到水源，在找水的途中做好标记，避免再次迷路。也可以收集早晨的露水。

如果有火的话，最好把水加热一下。

Try to find the water, and on the finding way, you must make mark to avoid getting lost again. You also can collect the morning dew, but to drink clean water, you had better boil the water on the fire for several minutes.

37. 吃一些含水植物，如仙人掌。

Eat some hydrous plants, such as cactus.

38. 沿山谷向下寻找。

Find water along the valley down

39. 下雨时用油布或雨伞积雨。

Use linoleum or umbrella to collect water when it rains.

40. 用塑料袋套住植物叶子收集水。

Use a plastic bag over the leaves of plants to collect water

41. 用竹筒装木炭，土，沙，石头（从上到下排列）此方法还可以净化小便（无

水源）

Fill bamboo with charcoal, soil, sand, and stone (from top to bottom). This method can also purify the urine (no water ）

如何生火 How to Make Fire

42. 生火时，找到某种类型的玻璃或闪亮的岩石。拿着玻璃，放在太阳底下，并,

找到一堆草和干燥的桦木香。将光线聚集在一大堆树叶和木头上，直到火生着。将两种相同的石头相互摩擦，如果没有产生火花，试试另外种类的岩石直到产生火花。当你这样做的时候，让火花掉到树叶和木材上，最后你就会生起火来。这些是最简单的生火方法，如果你带了火柴，巧妙的使用它们。 To make fire, find some type of glass or shiny rocks. With the glass, put in the sun, while holding it, make a pile of grass and dry birch wood. Concentrate the light on the pile of leaves and wood until a flame arises. With two rocks of the same kind, smack them together, if sparks don’t erupt try different types of rocks until you get sparks. When you do, aim the sparks down on the pile of leaves and wood eventually you might get fire. These are the easy ways to get fire. If you can carry matches, use them wisely.

43. 首先选取两个足够坚硬的物体，比如斧头和石头以及钢铁之类的；收集足够

多的易燃物，比如枯死的树木的树心，或者干桦树皮里的丝绒状的干树须；两样备齐后，就可以用力摩擦撞击硬物，产生火星，再加快其撞击速度和力度，以促成大量火花的生成，并使这些火星恰好落在准备好的易燃物上，点

燃易燃物，从而采取火种，燃烧木柴，成为熊熊大火；获得火种后需要好好保存，这样就不需要每次为了生火而大费周折。

Select the two hard enough objects, such as axes and stone and steel and the like; collect a sufficient number of combustibles, such as dead trees, tree, heart, or dry birch bark in the velvet-like dry tree to be; when the two things are ready, rubbing hit a hard object, resulting in sparks, and then accelerate its impact velocity and intensity in order to contribute to the generation of a large number of sparks, and Mars happens to fall on the prepared combustibles on ignite flammable objects, in order to take fire, burning wood, become a raging fire; get the fire after a good save, so that you do not need each time in order to light a fire while struggling.

44. 用石头在木头上钻一个小洞，把树枝放进洞里转动，砖木取火。这样需要较

长的时间，必须要有耐心。

Use a stone to make a small hole in a piece of wood, then put in a branch and rotate. This skill costs some time to make a fire out, you must be patient.

如何需找食物 How to Find Food

45. 在找食物的时候要注意：白色和黄色浆果90%有毒，蓝色和黑色90%是无

毒的。

When you find food you should pay attention to that, 90% berry in white or yellow are poisonous and 90% in blue and black are safe.

46. 为了活命，有些昆虫也可以食用，例如蜗牛和蚱蜢，因为他们蛋白质和营养

均很丰富。

To survive, we can eat some insects，such as snails and grasshoppers，for they are rich in protein, and nutrition.

47. 取少许叶子，品尝若是有苦味，辣或是其他反应就不能吃。

Leaves whose taste is bitter or spicy can not be eaten.

48. 煮后有大量泡沫证明有皂类物质，不能吃

Food with a large number of bubbles after boiling includes soap tired substances, which can not be eaten.

49. 一般情况下，动物能吃的人一般也能吃。

In general, the food that animals eat can also be eaten by humans

碰到蛇、昆虫 When Meeting Snakes or Insects

50. 碰到蛇，尽量保持不动，蛇会自行离开。

If you encounter snakes, leave them alone. Stand still and the snake will go away.

51. 如果被昆虫尤其是蛇咬了，首先要判断他们是否有毒。不要快速跑动，记住

伤口的形状。然后将详情告知急救人员，这样他们会知道如何更好医治你。 When you are bitten by insect, especially snake, you should judge whether they are poisonous. Do not run immediately and remember the wound form, then tell the emergency staff in detail, in this way they can know well how to save you.

52. 将伤口附近的位置牢牢绑住，放上冰块，等候30到40分钟，保持血液循环。

Lace the proximal of the wound tightly with ice for 30 to 40 minutes of relaxation time. Keep the flow of the blood.

53. 尽快用盐水或清水或1 : 5000的高锰酸钾溶液冲洗伤口，

Immediately wash the wound with saline or water, preferably with 1 : 5000 potassium permanganate solution.

54. 把锋利的刀片放在火上烤后，在伤口上割一个十字形的小口，把毒液排出来。

或用拔火罐的方法将毒液排出来。

With a blade or a sharp knife after burning in the wound, cut a mouth cross, making the venom out; or use cupping to suck out the venom

如何躲避蚊子 How to Avoid Mosquitoes

55. 全副武装：穿好厚的衣物，头部也要包裹好，让蚊子无从下口；

Armed: put on thick clothing, the head is also wrapped, so that mosquitoes no way under the mouth

56. 借助药物：寻找森林里有刺激性气味的植物，榨取它们的汁液，涂抹全身；

这种汁液有很强的驱蚊虫效果；

Use drugs: Looking for a pungent odor of plants in the forest, to extract their juice, and applied to the body; this juice has a strong insect repellent effect

57. 烟熏火燎：燃烧湿草，散发其烟味，驱赶蚊虫。

Smoky: the burning of wet grass, emitting their smoke to repel mosquitoes

躲避雷电 How to Avoid Thunder and Lightening

58. 快速跑向低洼地。

Run quickly to the lowlands;

59. 将金属物从身上取下来。

Remove metal on the body;

60. 如果正在河里游泳，要赶紧上岸。

Go ashore immediately when swimming in the river,;

61. 去最近的房子躲避，不要靠墙站的很近。

Go to the nearest house to hide near and do not stay beside the wall

62. 雷雨天气时不要停留在高楼上

Don’t stay on the top of high buildings when it is thunderstorm weather

63. 远离电力设备和金属物品等危险品

Keep far from dangerous objects, such as equipment of electric power and metal objects）

. 不应该在大树下避雨

Don’t stand under the big tree for shelter

65. 不能使用手机

Don’t use mobile phone