高中英语词法专题讲座三代词素材

一．人称代词： 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 主格 I you it/she/he 宾格 me you it/her/him 复数 主格 we you they 宾格 us you them 1. 主格作主语, 宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches ______(we) Chinese. 2. 三种人称代词并列时, 顺序为:

单数: 二, 三, 一 （You, she and I ） 复数: 一, 二, 三 (we, you and they ) 注: 若把责任担, 第一人称最当先, (即若做错事时, 把第一人称放在最前面.) She and I have been to Beijing . Who broke the window ? I and Mike . 注：it 还有一些专门的用法。

1）用作形式主语, 常用于 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中. 2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中.

3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中. 4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中. 5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 从句”中.

6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名词)+ to do sth .

二. 物主代词. 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 my mine 复数 our ours 第二人称 单数 your yours 复数 your yours 第三人称 单数 its/his/her its/his/hers 复数 their theirs 形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。

名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。 Our classroom is as big as ______(they). This is a friend of ______(my).

注: 1) 名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词. （名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）

2) 形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词. My own house = a house of my own 三. 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 经历小窍门:

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单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词有规律, 第三人称宾格加self. 其余都要物主加self, 复数ves来把f替. 反身代词的常用搭配: enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learn…by oneslf all by oneself help oneself to … look after oneself leave sb by oneself lose oneself in say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror 四. 指示代词

1. 近指: this these 远指: that those 2. 用法:

1) that those 常用来代替前面显现的人或物, 以幸免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.

The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai . The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.

2) this, that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分, that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.

He had a bad cold , that is why he didn’t come . 3) 在 用语中, this 代替自己, 而that 代替对方. This is Tom speaking. Who is that ? 五. 不定代词的区别. 1. one与it 的区别

One 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中显现的某事物. This book is a good one. May I borrow it ? 2. some与any 的区别

一样情形下, some用于确信句, any用于否定,疑问句, 条件句中. 但在表建议的疑问句中, 仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。

May I have some water ?

He asked me for some paper, but I didn’t have any . 3. many与much的区别

Many+可数名词的复数 Much+不可数名词 都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词

注: a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much . 4. a few /few /a little /little 的区别 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 表否定(几乎没有) few little 表确信(有一点/几个) a few a little The story is easy to read. there are _____ new words in it . Hurry up ! There is _____ time left . 5. each / every 的区别

each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个. 而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.

There are trees and flowers on _____ side of the street . ______ student has read a story .

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注: each 能够与of 连用, each of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 而every 不能与of 连用. 只能放在名词前作定语.

Each of us _______(study )hard . 6. no one 与none 的区别

no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。

The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest . 7. both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别 两者之间 三者或三者以上 都 both all 都不 neither none 任何一个 either any There are many trees on ____ side of the river. A. both C. Either D. all 注: 1). both 的否定词是neither, all的否定词是none. 2). both of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. Neither of the answers ______(be) right . Both of my parents _______(be) workers. 3). 词组

A) both …and …连接两个主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 同义词组: not only …but also … 反义词组: neither … nor …

Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV.= You like watching TV, _____ _____ she .

B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词实行就近原则.

Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right.

One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.

C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”

D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither … sb 某人也不如何样. If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去) 4) how many /how much 的回答: 用none回答. Who 的回答: 用no one 回答. What 的回答: 用nothing 回答.

How many students are there in the classroom ? __________. Who can answer the question ? _______. A. None B. No one C. Nothing

8. other /the other /others /the others 的区别 有数量(特指) 没有数量(泛指) (空)后面没有名词 the others others (空)后面有名词 the other other 注: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个…… 2) some… others… 表示一些…… 一些……

3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.

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但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词 表示 “ 另外几个……” Would you like ______ apple ?

I have two brothers, one is a teacher, _________ is a worker . Some are cleaning the classroom, ______ are sweeping the window .

There are 20 teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers, and _____ are women teachers. 9.

everyone 每个，人人，大伙儿 不与of 连用

every one 每个人、物 可与of 连用

Every one of us has seen the film . Everyone should do their best . 10. 复合不定代词. thing one body some something someone somebody any anything anyone anybody no nothing no one nobody every everything everyone everybody 注: 1. 复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

2. 形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词放在不定代词之后. 3. 动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后. 4. 复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,

1) 指人的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they . 2) 指物的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it .

5. any, anything, anyone, anyboby 也可用于确信句中, 表示 “任何……/任何物/任何人”

Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring, _______ _______ ? Is there ___________(一些有味的事)in today’s newpaper ? I want something ________ (eat ).

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