情态动词⽤法及区别
情态动词⽤法及区别
(⼀)、情态动词can、could、may
情态动词是表⽰说话⼈的某种感情或语⽓的动词,⽤来表⽰请求、允诺、愿望、建议、命令、能⼒、需求或拒绝等情感态度,常⽤的情态动词有:can、could、may、might、need、dare、ought to、will、would、shall、should等○1情态动词can表⽰现在的能⼒,could 表⽰过去的某种能⼒,如:He can speak good EnglishSandy cannot dance
The old man could swim across the river when he was young
注意:我们可以⽤be able to 来表⽰能⼒,be 动词的形式根据句⼦所⽤时态变化我们可以⽤情态动词may、could、can来表⽰许可
○2情态动词could 表⽰⼀种委婉的语⽓,⽐⽤can 更有礼貌,may较正式。如:Can I use your pen?Could we picnic here?May I see the letter?拓展:
1、情态动词的⽤法:
○1情态动词有⼀定的词义,但不能单独做谓语,必须与实义动词或连系动词连⽤,构成谓语。如:Can I have a look at your photo?You may take whatever you like
○2情态动词⼀般⽆⼈称和数的变化,如:We must stay in the classroom
有些过去式不代表过去。如:You might be right
I would like to have a talk with you
○4情态动词后接动词原形,即不带to的不定式。如:She may lose her way
○5情态动词具有助动词的作⽤,可⽤来构成否定句、疑问句及⽤于简略回答。如:Can you sing English songs?Yes ,I can
2、常⽤情态动词的⽤法:May的⽤法:
○1表⽰允许或征询对⽅许可,有“可以”的意思。May not 表⽰说话⼈“不许可”。如:You may go nowMay I use your computer?
You may not go=I do not permit you to go
○2在回答may引导的疑问句时,肯定回答:yes,you may,否定:no,you can’t或no,you’d better not。在表⽰“不可以,禁⽌,阻⽌”的意思时,常⽤must not/mustn’t,如:——May I come in?——yes,please——may I smoke here?
——yes,you may/no,you mustn’t
○3may 表⽰可能,通常只⽤于陈述句。May所表⽰的可能性⽐might⼤。如:You may be rightIt might rain this afternoon
○4在⼝语中,can 可代替may 表⽰许可,⽽may⽐较正式。如:Class is over,you can go home nowCan I use your camera?
○5might,could ⽤于现在时,语⽓较为委婉、礼貌,如:Might/could I invite you to dinner?Can 的⽤法:
○1表⽰能⼒,有“能,会,能够”的意思,如:——can you drive a car?——yes,I can/no,I can’t
○2表⽰可能性,常⽤于否定句或疑问句,如:Can it be true?
Today is Sunday ,he can’t be at school○3can 和be able to的⽤法⽐较
两者可以互换,但can⽤来表⽰能⼒时,只有过去时和现在式两种,其他时态要⽤be able to中考热点:
Can 与be able to不通⽤的情况:
如果我们要表⽰⼀个动作成功的完成了,那么必须使⽤was able to,⽽不能⽤could,如:He didn’t agree with me atfirst,but I was able to persuade him
He was able to leave Europe before the war beganMust 的⽤法:○1必须,应该,如:Must I come to the party?
○2must 的否定形式:mustn’t或must not,表⽰“不应该,不许可,不准,禁⽌”,如:You mustn’t get to school too late
○3在回答must 引导的疑问句时,否定常⽤:need not/needn’t或don’t have to,表⽰“不必,⽤不着”,⽽不⽤must not或mustn’t
——must I do it now?
——yes,you must/no,you needn’t/no,you don’t have to
○4表⽰推测,只⽤在肯定句中,如:She must be at schoolShe must have gone to BeijingShe must be working in the field
○5must 和have to 都可以表⽰“必须”,但must表⽰说话⼈的主观看法,have to 表⽰客观需要。Must ⼀般只⽤于现在时,⽽have to则可以⽤于多种时态。如:You must say sorry to me for thatYou mustn’t clean only your own roomYou won’t have to wait for meNeed的⽤法:
○1need作为情态动词主要⽤于否定句和疑问句,较少⽤于肯定句。如:I needn’t wear a coat=I don’t think I need wea r a coat
○2need ⽤作及物动词,其否定形式要借助于don’t,doesn’t或didn’t,疑问形式要借助于do,does或did。如:We need some helpI don’t need things like thatShall 的⽤法:
(1)、⽤于第⼆、第三⼈称,表⽰说话⼈的意愿。如:You shall do exactly as you wishHe shall get his noney
(2)、⽤于第⼀⼈称,表⽰征求对⽅的意见或指⽰。如:Shall I turn on the light?What shall we drink?
(3)、⽤于陈述句中,表⽰允诺、警告、命令、决⼼、强制等。如:Don’t worry,you shall get the answer this afternoonNothing shall stop us from carrying out this planShould 的⽤法:
Should 意为“应该”,表⽰建议,相当于ought toWe should take actions at once to protect the earthWill 的⽤法:
(1)、⽤于疑问句,表⽰请求、邀请。如:Will you open the window?Will you have another cup of tea?
(2)、表⽰⼀种意图,主要⽤于第⼀⼈称,如:I’ll write to you soon as I can
We won’t stay here longer than two hours
(3)、表⽰医院。如:He’ll help you if you ask himHe’ll try to mend it himself?
(4)、表⽰预料或习惯性的动作。如:The football match will be over in ten minutes——what’s the matter with the door?——It won’t lockWould 的⽤法:
(1)、表⽰愿望、决⼼、建议或看法,如:I would like to go there
I promise that I would do my best(2)、表⽰过去的习惯。如:
He would often come to my house to see meDare的⽤法:
⽤作情态动词,意为“敢于”,主要⽤于疑问句、否定句及条件句中。如:Dare you go home alone?He daren’t even look out.
巧学妙记:
情态动词记忆⼝诀:
Can 表“能⼒”,may“许可”,must “责任”和“义务“,否定回答needn’t换;Need”需要“,dare”敢“,should ”应该“,would”愿“,have to”被迫“表客观