Unit 9 汉语无主句的英译
课时：
2H
教学目的要求：
掌握汉语无主句的基本英译办法。
教学重点：
翻译汉语无主句的几种技巧。
教学难点：
如何使译文符合语法和语言使用规范。教学内容：
一、汉语祈使句译成英语祈使句
1、起立！
Stand up!
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2、请勿吸烟！
No smoking!
3、此处禁止停车！
No parking!
4、祖国万岁！
Long live our motherland!
二、采用英语的被动结构译出
5、墙上挂了一些画。
Some pictures were hung on the wall.
6、在合同中，详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。
In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail.
7、没有安定的政治环境，干什么都不成。
Nothing can be accomplished without a stable political environment.
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8、为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？
Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?
三、采用倒装语序译出
9、地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc.
10、随着一声吼叫，呼地从树林里窜出一只老虎来。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
11、山里住着个虔诚的老和尚。
In the mountain lived an old devout monk.
四、采用英语存在句there…be结构译出
12、很多年以前，这个村子里住着六个盲人。
A long, long time ago, there lived six blind men in this village.
13、剩下的时间不多了。
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There is very little time left.
14、萝卜青菜，各有所好。
There is no accounting for taste.
15、没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。
Without facility, there would be no difficulty, without difficulty, there would also be no facility.
五、采用it作主语译出
16、刮风了，下雨了。
It’s blowing, it’s raining.
17、出太阳了。
The sun is rising. (从东方升起，不用it)The sun appears.(可能从乌云中露出，不用it )
18、天阴了。
It’s cloudy.（尽管汉语中用了有主语句，“天”为主语，到英语里仍为it，很少用the sky is cloudy.）
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19、热得他们全身冒汗。
It’s so hot that they are sweating like a pig.
20、累得我走不动了。
It makes me so tired that I can’t walk any more.
21、要解决问题，还必须做系统、周密的调查工作和研究工作。
In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.
22、与自然作斗争，备感快乐。
It is a great joy to battle against nature.
23、活到老，学到老。
It is never too old to learn.
24、要成功，就要付出劳动。
It will cost you much labor to succeed in anything.
六、增添人称代词或名词充当主语
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25、弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。
If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.
26、不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub?
27、不能不佩服他多年来埋头苦干的精神。
One cannot help but admire the way he has kept his nose to the grindstone for all these years.
28、不努力便不会成功。
One can never succeed without making great efforts.
29、只要知道电压和电流就能够确定电阻。
Knowing the voltage and current, you (we) can determine the resistance.
七、大量无主句是省略主语。
30、区长问：“你给你闺女找了个婆家？”三仙姑答：“找下了！”问：“使了多少钱？”答：“三千五！”问：“还有些什么？”答：“有些首饰布匹！”问：“跟你闺女商量过没有？”答：“没有！”问：“你闺女愿意不愿意？”答：“不知道！”（《小二黑结婚》）
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The district head asked her:
“You found a husband for your daughter?”
“Yes, I did.”
“How much money did you get from him?”
“Three thousand and five hundred dollars.”
“What else?”
“Some ornaments and a few bolts of cloth.”
“Did you consult your daughter about this?”
“No.”
“Is your daughter wiling?”
“I don’t know.”
Exercise：Please translate the following into English.
1、请讲慢些。
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2、这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。
3、那个地方讲什么方言？
4、去年发现了一种稀有元素。
5、饿得他话都说不出来了。把他饿得说不出话来了。
6、能不能提前完成计划呢？
7、到车站只有三英里路。
8、这时寂静无声。
9、屋里有一位客人。
10、想吃什么，只管告诉我。
11、只有慎之又慎，才能避免犯不必要的错误。
12、打得赢就打，打不赢就走。
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