二·真题实战
1. Define the following terms
1) structuralist linguistics (同济大学1999年考研试题) 2) ideational function (同济大学1999年考研试题)
2. Multiple choice
Directions: In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question or to complete the sentence.（东南大学2001年考研试题） 1) Discovering procedures are practiced by______.
A. descriptive grammar B. TG grammar C. traditional grammar D. functional grammar 2) In which of the following did Chomsky add the semantic component to his TG Grammar
For the first time?（武汉理工大学2005年考研试题） A. The Classic Theory B. The Standard Theory C. The Extended Standard Theory D. The Minimalist Program
3) According to Halliday, the three general function of language are______.(武汉理工大学
2005年考研试题) A. ideational, interpersonal and textual B. ideational, informative and textual C. met linguistic, interpersonal and textual D. ideational interpersonal and referential 3. Word Completion
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words.
1) For bloom filed, linguistics is a branch of psychology, and specifically of the positivistic
brand of psychology known as_______(中山大学2004年考研真题)
2) The Prague School can be traced back to its first metting under the leadership
of______(中山大学2004年考研试题)
3) Franz Boas(1885_1942)worked as organizer of a survey of many indigenous languages
of America north of Mexico. The result of the survey was the book entitled_______（中山大学2003年试题）
4）M.A.K.Halliday studied Chinese at Peking University under Luo Changpei from 1947
to1949,and then at ______University under Wang Li from 1949 to 1950.(中山大学2003年考研试题)
5)_______Theory was formally proposed by Dan Sperber and Dwirdre Wilson in their book Relevance: Communication and Cognition in1986.(中上大学2004年考研题) 6)The distinction between the ideal language user’s knowledge of the language, which is called ______,and the actual realization of this knowledge in utterance, which is called ______is made by American linguist Noam Chomsky(上海交通大学2003年考研试题) 7) A generative grammar is mot limited to particular languages, but to reveal the unity of
particular grammars and universal grammars, It does nor describe one language as an end, but as a _______in order explore the _______rules in the hope of revealing human cognitive systems and the essential _______of human beings.
In order to reach this ultimate goal, Chomsky puts forward three different levels to evaluate grammars on. They are the _________adequacy level ,the _______adequacy
level ,and the _______adequacy level .On the first level ,_______are able produce correct explanations for _______linguistic data ,but also produce correct explanations for the linguistic competence of the speaker and hearer .On the third, and the highest level ,grammars that are sufficiently described should reveal _______and then relate it with ________grammars in order to be related to the initial state of the human mind for the purpose of revealing ________systems. It is after successful descriptions of many languages and subsequent generalization ____of human language that it is possible to explore the _______of the human mind that contains universal grammars. In a sense, the way a linguist does his work is just contrary to ______from a universal grammar, a linguist tries to discover a universal grammar from particular grammars.(清华大学2005年考研试题)
4 True or False Questions
Directions: decide whether the following statements are true or false Write T for true and for
false in the bracket before each of them. 1) ( ) In the Classical theory, Chomsky’s aim is to make linguistics a science. This theory is characterized by three feature :( 1) emphasis on prescription of language, (2) introduction of transformational rules, and (3) grammatical description regardless of language formation.(南开大学2004年考研试题)
2) ( )Generative grammar is a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to sentences. (南开大学2004年考研试题)
答案：
1. Definition the following terms
1) structuralist linguistics
Structuralist linguistics is a principally American phenomenon of the mid-20th century, typified by the work of Leonard Bloomfied, who drew on ideas of the behaviorist school of psychology. The structuralists are primarily concerned with phonology, and syntax. They focus on the physical features of utterances with the little regard for meaning or lexicon. Structuralist linguistics describes linguistic features in terms of structures and systems. Dissatisfied with traditional grammar, structuralist grammar sets out to describe the current spoken language which people use in communication. For the first time, structuralist grammar provides description of phonological systems which aids the systematic teaching of pronunciation. However, like traditional grammar, the focus of structuralist grammar is still on the grammatical structures of a language.
2) Ideational function
The ideational function is to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer. Present in all language uses, the ideational function is a potential, because whatever specific use one is making of language he has to refer to categories of his experience of the world. The ideational function mainly consists of “transitivity” and “voice”. The whole of the transitivity system is part of the ideational component, this function, therefore, not only specifies the available options in meaning but also determines the nature of their structural realizations.
2. Multiple choice
1)A 2)B 3)A
3.Word Completion
1)Behaviorism 2) Vilem Mathesius 3) Handbook of American lndian languages 3)Lingnan 5)Relevance 6) linguistic competence 7) performance 8) means universal nature 9)observational
descriptive grammars grammars raw linguistic competence universal human cognitive universal features initial state a child developing a particular grammar
4. True or False Questions
( 1) F (2 )T
