CPI即消费者物价指数(Consumer Price
Index)，英文缩写为CPI，是反映与居民生活有关的产品及劳务价格统计出来的物价变动指标，通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标。
PPI 又称作生产者物价指数：生产者物价指数主要的目的在衡量各种商品在不同的生产阶段的价格变化情形。
inflation通货膨胀，一般定义为：在信用货币制度下，流通中的货币数量超过经济实际需要而引起的货币贬值和物价水平全面而持续的上涨。在我国物价的普遍上涨即是一种通货膨胀。而究其根本原因，则是国家银行的纸币发行量过于高。因此，应该对物价上涨负责的部门不是，而是银行；有效控制物价上涨的手段不是限价，而是把纸币发行量到合适的范围。 通货紧缩(deflation) ：当市场上流通货币减少，人民的货币所得减少，购买力下降，影响物价之下跌，造成通货紧缩。长期的货币紧缩会抑制投资与生产，导致失业率升高及经济衰退。对于其概念的理解，仍然存在争
议。但经济学者普遍认为，当消费者价格指数(CPI)连跌三个月，即表示已出现通货紧缩。通货紧缩就是产能过剩或需求不足导致物价、工资、利率、粮食、能源等各类价格持续下跌。一般要降低银行的再贴现率和法定存款准备金率，从社会主体手中买进债券，同时采用一切可能的方法，鼓励商业银行扩张信用，从而增加货币供给。
China's producer price index (PPI), which measures inflation at wholesale level, dropped 1.2 percent year on year in August, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said on Thursday.
The PPI declined for a 30th straight month and at a faster pace than the previous month, confirming pressure from slowing economic growth.
The PPI dropped 0.9 percent from a year ago in July, down from 1.1 percent in June and 1.4 percent in May.
Factory prices of production materials declined 1.7 percent in August, contributing 1.3 percentage points to the PPI drop, while factory prices for consumer goods gained 0.2 percent, data showed.
Yu Qiumei, senior statistician of the NBS, attributed the decline to price falling for a series of industrial products and material. Prices of crude oil and oil products ended a rising streak 倾向and started falling in August, while prices of coal, steel, concrete and cement remained on a losing track.
Bucking the trend反潮流, producer prices in 30 sectors rose on a month-on-month basis. Prices in food processing and medicine production increased in August, with non-ferrous metal smelting climbing for a fourth straight month.
In the first eight months, the country's PPI dropped by 1.6 percent year on year, unchanged with the Jan-July period, the data showed.
Yu said the market will continue to have a grim outlook as overcapacity 生产能力过剩still weighs on industrial product prices.
China's economy expanded 7.4 percent year on year in the first half of 2014, showing strong resilience rɪˈzɪliəns回弹 after a disappointing start of the year.
Premier Li Keqiang on Wednesday also said China can meet its major economic goals this year and that
policymakers will not be distracted by short-term fluctuations of individual indicators.
The data came along with the release of the consumer price inflation index消费价格通胀指数, which eased to 2 percent in August.
China's inflation rate eased to 2 percent year on year in August, marking the lowest level in four months, according to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics统计局 on Thursday.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI), a main gauge/ɡeɪdʒ/标准 of inflation, increased 2 percent year on year in August, compared with 2.3 percent in July.
Higher food prices were the main contributor to the CPI growth, Food prices in August rose 3 percent from a year ago, lifting the CPI by 1.01 percentage points. In the food category, the price of fresh fruit surged激增 21.2 percent, increasing the CPI by 0.41 percentage points. Meanwhile, prices of pork, a staple of the Chinese diet, dropped 3.1 percent, dragging down the CPI reading by 0.1 percentage points.
For the first eight months, China's CPI rose 2.2 percent from a year ago, which was far lower than the government full-year inflation control target of 3.5 percent.
