1．英汉思维习惯(直截了当 direct= call a spade a spade；indirect 转弯抹角) 2．写作的现实与矛盾( wordless, incorrect ) 3．写作的“四化”：
① 语言准确化(accuracy) ② 语言多样化(variety) ③ 结构清晰化(clarity ④ 内容简单化 (simplicity) 4．写作的九条原则：
① 语言第一（准确度、广度、难度、亮度） ② 结构第二（关联词） ③ 内容第三（要一致） ④ 审题看图要认真 ⑤ 文体要统一 ⑥ 主题要突出 ⑦ 方式要多样化 ⑧ 首尾要照应 ⑨ 考点要覆全
第一节 高分词汇变化与替换
1. More and more young people find it more and more difficult to adapt to the fierce competition. ___________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________. 2. More and more children like surfing the internet.
Teenagers’ surfing the internet is on the increase/rise/drop/decline/. The number of teenagers’ surfing the internet is on the rise.
3. A more and more harmonious climate is needed with the development of society.
There is a growing need /demand for an increasing harmonious climate as our society advances. 4. Most people realize that every citizen should have an equal chance to be educated.
The vast/overwhelming majority of folks are aware that every citizen should have an equal chance to be educated.
5. People began to discuss the issue of middle school students studying abroad.
A spirited discussion has sprung up with regard to /as to/concerning the issue of middle school students studying abroad.
6. I firmly support this idea that we should make friends with our neighbors.
I am firmly supportive of this idea that we should be on good terms with our neighbors. 7. Some people often think everybody should have a sense of responsibility.
It is universally acknowledged that everybody should have a sense of responsibility.
8. When we talk about whether college students should be involved in business activities, different people have different ideas. 一谈到大学生是否应该参加商业活动的问题，不同的人持有不 同的观点。When it comes to whether college students should be involved in business activities, ideas/opinions vary from person to person.
9. This picture has a deep meaning and indicates a deep social phenomenon too. This cartoon/drawing bears a explicit meaning and is indicative of a profound social phenomenon as well.
10. I think we should encourage children to face some hardship. Only like this, they are able to face the problem they will meet in their lives. - 12 -
In my personal sense, children are encouraged to go through some hardship. Only in this manner, are they capable of facing the problem they will confront in their lives.
11. We can see from the picture that the runner reaches the finishing line and starts towards a new
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goal again.
As can be seen from the picture /is depicted in the drawing, the runner … line and strives for the next goal once more.
12. Nowadays, the trend of becoming old appears to be the biggest problem. Currently, an aging population has become a harsh /severe problem in China. 13. So I am full of thanks for your timely help.
Consequently I am deeply obliged to you for your timely help.
14. In our society, some people think supporting old men is not as important as before.
In our fast-developing community, some individuals contend that supporting the old is no longer regarded as momentous as before.
15. They think they don’t want to look after their parents for having no time.
The youngsters maintain that they are unwilling to look after their parents for lack of time. 16. There were no our parents. Then, we have no chance to live in this world. But for/Without our parents, we would have no chance to come to the world.
更多有关作文高分词汇的资料可登陆我博客在“博文”里去找：blog.sina.com.cn/huangtaokaoyan
第二节作文典型错误分析 一．谓语动词（时态错误）
1. We college students had enough time to take part-time jobs, no matter how busy we were. 2. The young people are facing with too many temptations nowadays.
3. His fault is satisfy with the past success and pay little attention to the present challenge. 4. The importance of cultural communication just let more foreigners know China. 二．主谓一致和代词(指代错误)
5. Every aspect of the Chinese lives have changed in the past decade.
6. One of the serious problems human beings are faced with are water shortage. 7. Getting up early benefit us in more than one way.
8. I shall meet with lots of difficulties, but I think I can overcome it. 三．逻辑主语与后面的主语不一致错误
9. At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons. 10. So to solve this problem, it needs everyone to make great effort.
11. Compared the two pictures we can conclude that the flowers in a green-house are too weak to bear harsh environment.
12. Confronted this situation, we should develop a rational attitude towards it. 四．平行结构错误
13. A young folk should strike a balance between being himself and to follow the cult. - 13 -
14. Nowadays people not only eat enough, but also eat better. 15. His spoken English is better than all his classmates. 五．名词错误
16. College student is confronted with various stress and tension. 17. Internet provides us with many useful informations. 六．连接词语错误
18. Because some college graduates could not find a better job, so they decided to continue to pursue a second degree.
19. Although an opportunity is rare, but we must strive to seize it.
20. There is, as is vividly illustrated in this picture, a young man is asking his barber to cut his hair in David Beckham’s style.
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21. China opened the door to the outside world, more and more people visit China and become interested in Chinese culture.
22. As the saying goes, “time is money.” In my personal sense, time is even more precious than money. When money is spent, we can earn it back. When time is gone, it will never return. This is the reason why we must value our time. 七．拼写、表达、搭配错误
23. We students should learn/study as much knowledge as possible.
24. In order to serve for the people well in the future, I should study hard now.
25. TV now plays an important role in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it. 26. The fishing ships are many more in 1995 than in 1990 27. My solutions to this problem have several ways.
28. When old problems are solved, new problems will rise. 29. I’m determined to study much more harder than last term.
30. In the past two decades, our country has taken place great changes. 九．词性错误
31. We should develop China’s economic, and lead our country to a rich, strong nation. 32. Our world will bright if everyone shows love to others. 33. The increasing population effects on our environment. 十．句子成分错误
34. People think go to the movie will cost a lot of money.
35. The picture shows an American girl who wearing the traditional Chinese costume. 36. The best way show love is to help those need help in their life. 37. As it is universally acknowledged, knowledge is power.
38. More and more people deeply believe smoking does harm to health, wastes money. 十一．标点符号错误
39. I won’t lose my heart, instead, I’ll study harder.
40. I can do whatever I like in the library. For example: reading, traveling, or doing exercises.
- 14 - 第三节作文经典句型练习 一. It + 被动语态 + that…
1．人们普遍认为，广泛的文化交流在许多方面对各国人民有好处。
_____________________________________ that extensive cultural exchange does good to people form various nations in many ways.
2．人们通常认为，一个人如果没有在现实生活中经历逆境和困难，他意志就决不能变得足 够坚强。
It is generally accepted that without experiencing hardships and difficulties in real life one can never become strong-minded enough.
3．人们必须承认，就青少年来说，一个充满竞争的环境对于生活技能的锻炼来说是必要的。 It must be admitted that a competitive environment is necessary for the practice of life skills on the side of teenagers.
4．不可否认的是，旅游业的过度发展可能会破坏某些风景区的生态平衡。
It cannot be denied that the overgrowth of tourism may disturb the ecological balance of some scenic resorts.
5．众所周知，体育锻炼能够提高和增进我们的身心健康。
It is well known to us all that physical exercises can improve and enrich our physical and mental well-being.
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二. It is + 形容词 + that…
6．显而易见/不言而喻/毫无疑问，这种情况是直接由于过度的紧张和压力而造成的。 ________________________________________ that the situation is caused directly by excessive tension as well as stress.
7．人们对这个有争议的问题持不同的态度，这是可以理解的/不可避免的。
It is comprehensible / understandable (inevitable) that people’s attitudes are divergent/different on this controversial issue.
8．很难想象/相信我们年轻人竟然如此沉溺于这个虚拟的网络世界里。
It is unimaginable (incredible/unbelievable) that we youngsters should be much addicted to the virtual net world.
三. It is + 形容词 + for sb. ( sth. ) to do sth.
9．大家积极参加体育锻炼非常重要。因为体育锻炼不仅我们的身体有好处，而且对我们的 心理和性格也有好处。
It is obvious (self-evident, clear, undeniable, apparent), for they will do good not only to our body but also to our mind and personality.
10．现在大学生毕业时很难找到一个理想的工作，特别是那些学基础课程专业的学生，比如历史和数学。
________________________________________________________upon his graduation, especially those majoring in fundamental courses such as history and mathematics. - 15 -
11．现在非常迫切需要采取紧急措施来控制非法毒品在青少年中大幅度蔓延。
It is highly imperative that urgent measures should be done to control the widespread use of illegal drugs among teenagers.
四. as /along with/Coupled with “随着”句型
12．随着经济的快速发展，中国人民的生活标准已经大大提高，许多家庭能够买得起房子 和汽车。
Along with the rapid growth of economy, the living standards of the Chinese people have been greatly improved. Houses and cars are within easy reach of（买得起）many families. 13．随着每年培养的大学生越来越多，求职市场的情况正变得愈加严峻。
_______________________________________________________________ each year, the situation in the job market is getting tighter and tighter.
14．随着工业和农业的不断进步，缺水的问题也将越严重。
As industry and agriculture advances, the problem of water shortage will be the more serious. 15．随着中国进一步开放和扩大与其它国家的教育交流，出国留学在中学生中正越来越流 行。
As China opens further to the outside world and increases its educational exchange with other countries, going abroad to study is increasingly fashionable among middle school students.
五. There be 句型
16．在过去十年里，年轻已婚夫妇想生孩子的数量已出现了明显的下降趋势。
In the past ten years there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children.
17．近来，关于是否要克隆人类出现了热烈的讨论/辩论。
In recent years, there has been a heated /spirited debate/controversy concerning whether human beings should be cloned.
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18．现在仍然有许多孩子因为贫困而不能上学。
There are still quite a number of children who cannot afford to go to school because of poverty. 19．随着因特网业的发展，越来越多的人会上网冲浪。
As the Internet industry develops, there will be an increasing number of folks surfing on the web. 20．现在人们对孩子不得不要承受的学习和心理上的沉重负担表现出越来越多的担忧。 ________________________________________________________________________, both academic and psychological, which our children have to bear.
六. 表示“使……变得…”的句型 make ＋宾语＋形容词 make＋形容词＋for sb. to do sth. 21．信息技术的广泛引用会使我们的工作和生活更加方便和丰富。
The widespread introduction of modern information technology will make our work and life more convenient and colorful.
22．最重要的是，我们应该不断地加强我们的环保意识，使我们的世界成为适合人类居住 - 16 -
的美好家园。
Most importantly, we should increasingly heighten our environmental awareness and ____________________________________________________________. 23．现代交通意味着让人们出门旅行更加快捷、方便和舒适。
Modern transportation means making it highly fast, convenient and comfortable for people to travel far away from home.
24．先进的医学科技使得人类的寿命更长，遭受各种疾病越少。
Advanced medical science has made it possible for human beings to lead a much … 七. so that（以便）/so…that（如此…以致）句型
25．青少年是如此喜欢时装以至他们花大量钱来买时髦的衣服。
Teenagers are so keen about fashions that they spend large amounts of money on fashionable clothes.
26．我们青年人应该学会以恰当的方式来减轻压力以便我们能够更好地适应这个竞争社会。________________________________________________________________ we can better adapt to the competitive society. 八. 非性定语从句
27．有些人可能沉溺于网上冲浪，这会危害他们的身心健康。
Some people may be addicted to netsurfing, which impairs their physical and mental health. 28．越来越高的离婚率将引发一系列的问题，这已受到大众的极大关注。
The increasingly high divorce rate will cause a series of problems, which . 九. 用分词结构扩展内容
29．由于人们没有意识到地球上的水资源是有限的，因此人们每天浪费了大量的水。 People, are limited, waste a great amount of water every day.
30．公民有权利知道和约束名人，从而形成一种公众。
Citizens have the right to know the truth and supervise the celebrity, thus forming a public opinion.
31．由于父母亲对孩子寄予极大希望，所以当他们得知其孩子考试不及格时，他们再也抑 制不住自己极度的失望和生气了。
Having placed great expectations on their son, they couldn’t hold back huge disappointment and anger when they learnt their son’s failure to pass the test.
32．随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的人们开始购买汽车来满足工作和生活的需要，也就
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恶化了交通问题。
_____________________________________, a growing number of folks begin to buy cars to meet the needs of work and life, thereby worsening the traffic problems. - 17 -
十. 结论句型
33．只要我们采取有效的措施，由老龄化社会所引发的问题将会减少到最小程度。
As long as we take effective measures, the problems caused by the aged society will be reduced to the smallest extent.
34．只要我们马上明智地采取行动，我们一定能够解决当前的这个紧迫的问题。
__________________________________, we are bound to solve the present severe problem. 35．只要和个人做出努力，就一定能找到一个解决这个问题的方法。
As long as the government and individuals strive hard, there will certainly be a way to solve this problem.
36．从提供的所有证据来看，我们可以稳妥地得出如下结论，体育锻炼对青少年的心理和 智力的发展都有益。
Judging from all evidence offered, we can safely come to the conclusion that physical exercises are beneficial to the psychological and intellectual growth of teenagers.
37．简而言之，在优先考虑发展经济的时候，应该做出大的努力来加强伦理和道德教育。 In short (In a word/All in all/To sum up), great efforts should be made to enhance ethic and moral education when high priority is given to the economic development. 38．只有当这些措施付诸实践的时候，缺水的问题才能得到解决。
It is only when these measures are put into practice that the shortage of water can be solved. 39．只有当这个问题得到有效地解决时，我们才能维持一个稳定和谐的社会。
Only when this problem is solved effectively can we maintain a stable and harmonious society. 40．如果各行各业的人们足够关注这个问题，我们城市的生活将一定更加美好。
__________________________________________________________, our life in the city will certainly be more enjoyable.
第四节 写作基本功 句 30 一．主语
1．找到问题出现的原因将会大大地帮助你减少压力和紧张。
will greatly help you reduce stress as well as tension. 2．很难想象没有因特网我们的生活会是什么样子。
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without the internet. 3．鼓励大学毕业生去西部工作是一个明智的决策。
It is a wise decision to encourage college students to work in west China. 4．从他的行为中可以清楚看到，他不讲道德。 he has no morality.
5．最重要的是我们应该意识到这个问题的严重性。
we should be aware of the seriousness of this problem. 6．越来越多的国家欢迎不同的文化证明了我的观点。
The fact proves our opinion that an increasing number of countries welcome different cultures. - 18 -
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7. 大学生是否应该参加社交活动是个有争议的话题。
college students should participate in business activities.
二、谓语
8．我们年轻人应该行为举止恰当，有礼貌。
We youths should conduct ourselves properly and have good manners. 9．这些行为应该受到道德和的谴责。
morality and public opinions. 10．应该采取有效的措施来阻止这种不良现象的发生。 .
三、宾语
11．应该在这个问题的解决中扮演重要的角色。 .
12．人们深信，学校应该减轻压力，家庭应该重建和谐，应该加大投入。
Folks are convinced that schools should reduce pressure, that families should rebuild harmony and that the administration should increase financial investment. 13．这对于开阔人们的眼界是很有好处的。
It is beneficial for broadening people’s horizon/vision.
14．现在许多人无视公共规章，我们应向公众呼吁树立公德心。
Currently an increasing number of folks disregard public rules/regulations.
四、表语
15．我认为这个事实是不言而喻的。 . 16．这些措施似乎很合理。 .
五、定语
17．有很多因素导致了这个问题。
.
18．良好的社会风气能促进家庭的和谐及社会的进步。
Favorable public moral climate can enhance the harmony of families as well as the social advance.
19．大学应该提供实践课程，这对社会有利。
Colleges ought to provide practical courses, which is conducive to the whole society. 20．性别歧视是现代社会的耻辱，我们每个人都有责任解决它。
Sex discrimination is a shame for modern society, which all of us are duty-bound to eliminate.
六、状语
21．有了坚定的决心，人就能够克服他所遇到的任何困境和危险。With a strong determination, - 19 -
one is able to overcome whatever hardships and dangers he may encounter. 22．没有他无私的帮助，她不可能度过这次难关。
Without his selfless assistance, she wouldn’t have pulled through this difficulty. 23．远离亲人朋友，人会觉得孤独。
Living far from relatives and friends, people will feel lonely. 24．面对这个问题，我们应该努力找到解决它的办法。 .
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七、补语
25．观念的不同使他很难理解他父母亲。
Different views make it difficult for him to understand his parents. 26．我们发现树立正确的人生观对大学生来说是非常重要的。
_________________________________________________________________. 27．大家的无私照顾和关心使她的生活充满了阳光。
Everyone’s selfless care and attention makes her life full of sunlight. 八、情态动词
28．我们应该努力维护公共道德，改进社会风气。 .
29．我们必须努力抓住和充分利用生活中的每一个机会来提高自己。
We must strive to seize and make full use of every opportunity in life to improve ourselves. 30．我们应教育公众树立正确的时间观念。 .
九、 作文常用句子的写法：
① 主谓宾: Everyone dreams of attaining success in his career.
② 主系表: In that way, competition can become a sensible and positive thing. ③ 主谓状: We should confront hardships fearlessly and strive to overcome them. ④ 主谓宾（宾补）Some students hold it a sensible choice to take a rational attitude.
⑤ 并列句: People have different problems and consequently the causes for stress and tension are different.
⑥ 主从复合句，（主语、状语、定语从句、同谓语从句），要掌握连接词的运用 ⑦ 句子的构成（ DIY + Enhancement ）
第五节 考研作文常用九大句式
1．主动和被动句灵活运用
目前, 世界正在面临着______的问题
Currently/At present, one of the pressing problems facing our nation / world today is _____. - 20 -
It can be easily seen from the picture that ______ (后接句子）
A great deal of due attention should be paid to + N. … （应当大量适当地重视） 2．There be 结构和 It is 放在句首的形式
There are an increasing number of folks who ______（后接定语从句） 人们慢慢认识到 ____.
There is a growing worldwide awareness of + N.
It is most likely that the drawer intends not only to inform us of the obvious fact but also to set us thinking what is implied in this cartoon. 3．同位语的设置
Courage, an indispensable quality for a person, can help us overcome any trouble on the way to success.
4．疑问句形式
Why is there such a trend? Why is there such a phenomenon?
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5．倒装句形式
Simply drawn as this cartoon appears to be, yet it conveys a profound implication. 6．强调句形式
It is this thought-provoking drawing that makes me aware of its realistic significance to our daily life and work. 7．从句形式
How impressive the cartoon is in describing one of the most widespread/ prevalent social phenomenon concerning /with regard to _____ 8．虚拟语气
如果没有希望工程，那些孩子将永远不会学到宝贵的知识。
If there were no Project Hope, those children wouldn’t acquire valuable knowledge. 如果情况继续恶化下去，我们将付出更加昂贵的代价。
If the situation continued to deteriorate, we would pay a much higher price for it. 9．引用名人名言
_____________________________, courage is the mother of success.
As the old saying goes, every life has its roses and thorns. （生活有甜也有苦。）
第六节 Part B 图画作文高分策略 一．描述图画段落 1．描述图画开始句
As is apparently /vividly/ ridiculously /interestingly shown /depicted/drawn in the picture/cartoon/drawing/photograph, _______(后接完整单独句子描写图画） - 21 -
启航教育 ℡4006781826 www.qihang.com.cn 2. 开始真正描写图画
如图所示，介词+动词谓语+主语，+非谓语动词，+ with 伴随结构。
在图画有 , 它 , 周围有_________. ( 可以使用倒装, 主语与前文 一致，可使用非限定性定语从句或者现在分词，介词做伴随结构)
2001
年考研真题大作文图片
如图所示，黑暗中有一盏小小的油灯，它向周围散发着光亮。
As is shown in the cartoon, in the darkness happily stands an oil lamp, spreading brightness around itself.
Just as an old Arab proverb says, love is just like an oil lamp, being brighter in the darker places. /Just as an old Arab proverb says, where there is love, there is hope.
2006
年考研真题大作文图片
如图所示，在椅子上有一个年轻人，希望理发师把自己的头发理成贝克汉姆的样子。 As is vividly drawn in the picture, , __________________________like
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David Beckham.
- 22 -
2002年考研真题大作文图片
照片站着一位美丽的美国女孩, 她穿着传统的中国服饰, 佩戴着各种各样的饰物, 脸 上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。
As is vividly shown in the photo, _________________________________, (who is) dressed in Chinese traditional clothes, _________________________, ________________________.
2005年考研真题大作文图片
图画躺着一位老年人, 蜷缩着像一个皮球, 他被四个子女赶出门外; 而四个子女各自 把守着自己家的大门, 拒绝接纳老人。
As is ironically depicted in the drawing, in the middle of the picture lies an old man. He
crouches like a football, who is rejected by his sons and daughter. They are guarding their homes respectively and refusing to take care of their father. 应改 为下面 高 分句 型 ：
_____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________.
2003年考研真题大作文图片
如图所示，温室里有一朵柔嫩的小花, 长的很茂盛, 而温室为它遮风挡雨. 当小花从温室 中搬出来的时候，它无法抵抗风雨的侵蚀，很快就枯萎了，任由它的花叶随风飘零。 As is vividly depicted, _____________________________________, growing vigorously, with the shelter protecting it from the brush of the storm. When removed out of the protection, the flower cannot stand the storm and quickly _____, with its leaves falling in the wind. - 23 -
2004年考研真题大作文图片
操场上有一个小伙子在跑步，向着终点冲刺。然而，终点又被命名为起点。尽管他已经 很累了，脸上大汗淋漓，但是他还是在乐观地奋力继续跑下去。
As is shown in the cartoon, _____________________________, ___________________,
which is defined as another starting point. ___________________, ____________________, he is striving to continue his journey optimistically.
第七节图画作文精彩段落（极力推荐）
一．起始段
1．图画/图表描述段
(1) As is shown in the picture, the most striking feature of the drawing is that ____（从句）…. It is most likely that the drawer intends not only to inform us of the fact but also to set us
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thinking about its practical significance. （描述图画）
(2) 尽管这幅图画看似设计简单，但其寓意却是非常深奥的。作者真实目的不是这副画本 身，而是要引导我们去探求在它背后究竟隐藏着什么。
Simply designed as the drawing seems to be, the symbolic meaning is as deep as oceans. The author’s real purpose is not the drawing itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg.
(3) It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance/ necessity of _____. This drawing is attracting our attention to this social issue that _____.
(4) As is vividly depicted in the above picture, there is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly conveyed should be given deep consideration. 2．热点话题引出段
(5) In recent years the phenomenon that（后接从句）现象, which has aroused great concern in various sections, should be condemned severely or made illegal. This issue has brought about lots of direct or indirect influences /effects/impacts on our social life, none of which is harmless.（反面话题）
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(6) Perhaps the most thought-provoking phenomenon confronting the nation nowadays is （名 词）…., which is pervasive in all walks of lives. （中性话题）
(7) （名词）…. is so widespread that we can witness the positive effects of this issue everywhere / it remains among the most prevalent social issues in the past decades. （正面话题）
(8) （名词）…, as a traditional virtue that has been highly valued / treasured by Chinese people for thousands of years, seems to be ignored and discarded in these decades. （反面话题）
二、拓展段 1. 利弊说明段
(9) A comparative analysis of the positive and negative aspects of ____（名词） will perhaps provide us with a better sense of the eventual impact of ______.
(10) Advantages and disadvantages are the basic dual concepts of nearly everything in our life. It goes without saying that for every advantage there will be a disadvantage. An advantage for one group might prove disadvantage to others. 2. 意义阐释段（引申/象征）
(11) Simply designed as the picture is, the symbolic meaning it conveys is deep and profound. It is, most likely, that the drawer intends not only to present the fact to us but also to set us thinking about its social significance.
(12) After careful thinking and reflection, we come to understand the enlightening picture/wise remark step by step. I contend that this thought-provoking picture conveys two layers of meanings.
(13) It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a prevailing and serious problem in China / in the contemporary community.
(14)Symbolically, the delicate flower is naturally associated with the youths, overprotected by their parents, with the greenhouse protecting them from brush of storms, which epitomizes/symbolizes the intense competition in the real world. 3. 观点对比段
(15) When it comes to _____, some people maintain that _______. Others contend that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but ______.
(16) Generally speaking, different people always have different views towards the same question,
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not because the question is complicated, but because of the diversity of thoughts. People have different habits of thinking, different positions and so on. 4. 原因列举段
(17) Ignoring cause and effect is exactly the same thing as failing to look both ways when crossing a busy interaction. Thus, it is essential to examine every angle in order to fully understand the nature of a perplexing problem.
(18) The reason for… are both complicated and varied. I deem the phenomenon results from ___ and ____. However, the main reason is quite likely + N.
(19) The following can be the combination of factors giving rise to this issue. - 25 -
(20) 很明显，有很多复杂的原因导致这个现象的发生，而下面的是最有代表性的。 Apparently, a variety of complicated factors contribute to the phenomenon, with the following one being the foremost.
(21) 除了下面的原因，没有更好的了。为这样一个复杂的现象给出原因不是一个简单的事 情。
I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. It is no simple job to induce reasons for this complicated phenomenon.
(22) My first consideration is _____. / The main reason, in my personal sense, lies in + N. / _____ is always the top of the list of my arguments. N constitutes another cause of this problem. /An additional factor rests with ______. An equally essential cause that deserves our attention is + N.
5. 举例论证段
Looking around, we may find examples too numerous to list. A thing happening around us may serve as a typical example.
(23) The list of such instances can go on and on, and I can’t think of better illustrations than the following example which will be sufficient to prove the above fact/phenomenon.
(24) 我们人类历史上与这个话题相关的例子有很多，在我所听到的，看到的，经历过的所 有和这个话题相关的例子之中，最有说服力的是 _____ ，除了这个例子，我再也找不到 更有说服力的了。（45 字）
Our human history has been filled with a variety of examples of +（考试话题）. Among all the touching instances relating to +（考试话题）that I have heard, noticed, and experienced, the most impressive one is + 名词. I can no longer think of better examples other than + N(名词). (25) According to a recent investigation, there are an increasing number of folks who share the concern about the problem of ___ which is an issue that deserves public, professional and political attention not only by city residents but also by farmers.
6．分层论述段
(26) To solve this issue/problem is a two-way operation. For one thing, individuals should
enhance the consciousness of ____. For another, legislative steps need to be introduced to control /restrain/ stimulate/ encourage this phenomenon.
(27) The painter wants to tell us that, just like running, whatever we do, we shouldn’t stop making progress. For a start, it applies to individuals. In such a rat-race society, everyone wants to move ahead, not falling behind others. Moreover, corporations and organizations should also embrace the view. In addition, the society as a whole, should …. 7．逻辑正反说明法
(28) If one knows much in one field but little in others, he will not be of great use to society. (29) Success in many respects depends on …. On the contrary, failure in … often results from …..
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(30) Life is by no means perfect and whether we feel happy or not depends on how we look at our - 26 -
problems. When confronted with an adverse situation, some folks feel gloomy and fall into
depression. Others, on the contrary, look at the positive side of the situation and remain cheerful. It’s our attitude rather than the situation itself that determines how we feel.
三．结论段 1. 归纳结论段
(31) The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that _______. (32) Judging from the evidence presented, we can safely conclude that ______.
(33) After considering all the information presented above, I, as most of others will do, safely draw the conclusion that _____.
(34) Unfortunately, _____ has triggered a series of negative effects, with ____ being the
foremost. Quite regrettably, _____ has brought some unforeseeable problems, with ____ being foremost. According to a recent survey, _________. If this situation continued, we would pay a high price for this. (根据一项调查表明，_____。如果这种问题继续下去，我们将为此付出 昂贵的代价。) 2. 预测趋势段
(35) Only by adopting these effective measures, can our society develop steadily and have a brighter prospect. 3. 建议措施段
(36) With evidence from the drawing, it can be concluded that the situation is bound to deteriorate unless effective measures are carried out.
(37) To my mind, it is imperative to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the drawing. One measure would be to ______. However, more importantly, ______. 4. 解决方法
(38) It is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem.
(39) For one thing, it is essential that proper policies be worked out to promote students’ employment. For another, students should be educated to broaden their range of knowledge. (40) Only in a sensible, healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which students can enjoy their life to the uttermost.
四．图画作文三段式
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2007考研真题大作文图片
1．描述图画 Describe the drawing briefly
As is vividly depicted above, in front of the football stands an athlete, imagining the goal keeper is so giant that he can hardly score the goal. On the contrary, the goal keeper minimizes himself and he cannot keep the net at all. Funny as the picture seems, the symbolic meaning is as deep as oceans.
2．阐述意义 Explain its extended meaning
What is the intended meaning of the picture? The writer’s real purpose is not the drawing itself, but to lead us to discover what hides behind the iceberg. The past decade has witnessed a huge
advance in our society on the ground of the reform and open door policy being carried out, bringing
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some problems at the same time, with the youth’s lack of confidence being the foremost. To our amazement, according to the latest survey, over 60% of youths get defeated or frustrated when they meet with any hardship, which needs great social concern. 3．用例子来证明 Support your view with examples
Among all the touching instances relating to confidence that I have heard, noticed, and
experienced, the most impressive one is Dengyaping. As the world sports star, she invariably imagines positively that she can win in every race, never shrinking in front of other experienced players. Had she been afraid of her rivals, never could she have made any world record in the
Olympic Games. Just as the old Arab proverb says, our final enemy is ourselves. Only with a strong mind believing in ourselves can we hope to witness the ideal scene, in which we can conquer any difficulties and enjoy the struggle to the uttermost.
Part B
52. Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) give your opinion about the phenomenon.
You should write about 160 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) - 28 -
参考范文
The picture above is indicative of a serious problem with regard to the relations of neighbors. As is shown from the cartoon, two ladies living in the opposite apartments greet each other for the first time when they happen to meet in the corridor.
It seems very ridiculous that folks living so near don’t know each other for such a long time. However, such a problem is highly pervasive in our contemporary community. It is the exact reflection of interpersonal relationships in the rat-race world. Currently, a growing number of people living in flats close their doors and never go outdoors as soon as they return home from work.
Living alone, they will kill their time by watching TV, surfing the Internet, or reading magazines. They don’t have any connections even with their closest neighbors, who seem no different from people they meet everyday in the street. They become increasingly indifferent.
This phenomenon is harmful to us as well as to our community. As our society advances, some individuals are reluctant to communicate with others, thus feeling increasingly lonely. To their dismay, interpersonal relationships are not harmonious. It’s time that we took some measures to improve it. People living in the same area can be organized to hold some activities together. We should call on people to be on good terms with each other. As a popular song says,” If everybody offers a little love to each other, the world will be full of sunshine.”
图画作文写作提示
通过阅读上述范文，我们可以看出，图画作文的三个自然段的分工是：1. 描述该图画中的 内容，其中包括图画的直观意思，及其自己的合理想象。2. 分析该图画所揭示出的问题。3. 对图画所揭示出来的问题进行评论，评论的形式有阐述个人的观点立场，提出建议，提供解 决办法，预测事态发展趋势等。
第八节小作文
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一．应用文的考察范围
投诉信 建议信 申请信 求职信 辞职信 求学信
求助信 感谢信 号召信 邀请信 道歉信 摘要/备忘录 二．应用文的六句口诀
1. 开门见山说意图， 2. 信息要点覆盖到， 3. 举一反三讲细节， 4. 语言正式词多变， 5. 感谢客气不能少， 6. 期待回信成老套。
注意：首段表明写作目的，中间段扩展内容，注意读信人的感受，末段表明礼貌，并说出自 己的期望。 三．书信格式 1．求职信
开头段：表明信息来源，说明写作意图。
主体段：介绍自己相关的工作经历、学习经历，以此证明你能胜任这个职位。 Sample:
I have read your advertisement in （报纸） of ____ for a （职位）, and should be grateful if you consider me favorably as a candidate for the position. I shall be pleased to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.
I hope you would take my application into account favorably and entitle me to an interview. I have enclosed my resume with this letter.
2．投诉信
开头段： 说明与收信人的相关性，点明你写作的意图。
主体段： 写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，或者讲具体理由，或者谈问题的具体体现方式。 结束段： 表达你希望上述问题得到尽快解决的强烈愿望，并对有关人员做出的努力表示 感谢。 Sample:
I’m writing to express my dissatisfaction with（事情）. I sincerely hope that you will review your management.
I do hope that the problems will be solved as soon as possible and I believe that you will take this matter seriously from now on and make every effort to prevent its recurrence（再次发生）.
3．邀请信
开头段：表明写作意图，向某人发出邀请。 主体段：说明邀请的具体原因，邀请的内容。
结束段：表明强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。 Sample:
It’s my pleasure to extend an invitation to you to （具体什么事情）. I hope that you won’t decline it.
Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation? I am looking forward to your reply, and eventually, seeing you.
4．询问信
开头段：明确写信的目的，说明写这封信的目的是寻求某信息或帮
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主体段：询问具体问题，强调所需信息的重要性。
结束段：表达获取信息的强烈愿望，提供联系方式以便收信人与你联系，并对有关人员 表示感谢。 Sample:
I would like to inquire about some information about （具体事情）. I shall be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain materials with regard to the following aspects. Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be greatly appreciated. I’m looking forward to an early reply at your earliest convenience.
5. 道歉信
Sample
I’m afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you. I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.
6. 感谢信 Sample
I am obliged to you for your unselfish assistance during ___. I deeply appreciate your courtesy （礼貌） and I hope to have the opportunity of rewarding（回报）your kindness.
Please accept my most cordial（诚挚的） thanks for your timely help, which I will never forget. Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude（感谢）to you.
四．范文选读
1．投诉信
Directions: You share a room at college with another classmate. You find it very hard to study there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He/she has parties in the room and sometimes uses your things without asking you.
Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reasons. Sample Writing 范文解析 Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next semester. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.
I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly dropping by him. For another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes uses my belongings without asking me. Under these circumstances, I find it hard to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.
I sincerely hope you will agree to solve my problem so that I shall be free from such distractions. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find me a single room, preferably not in the same building but as near the campus as possible.
Yours sincerely, Xiao Ming
2. 求职信
Directions: You see an advertisement in the local newspaper that a restaurant wants someone to be a part-time waiter or waitress in the evening. Write a letter to the manager, in your letter, you
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should write why you are writing, why you are suitable for the job and why you need the job. 范文分析－－写信目的 Dear Mr. Moore,
I am writing here to express my interest in your position advertised in the local newspaper and I am confident to introduce myself to you as a candidate as a waiter. 范文分析－－你为什么适合这个岗位
For my part, I am a most suitable person for the position. I have been a restaurant-related person in the past five years. When I was a college student, I had once had a part-time job as a waiter in Macdonald in local neighborhood. Since I was hard working and diligent, I was soon promoted as an executive manager. Two years later, I started my own restaurant and I also served as a waiter. Small as it was, it had been one of the most popular restaurants until I decided to sell it out for immigration to England.
范文分析－－你为何需要这个岗位？
My dream in England is to open a Chinese restaurant here and I have to get to know about the
culture of eating habits. Such a job, no doubt, can provide me the very information I need. And also, I think, my past experience can certainly help myself to be a competitive waiter.
Thank you for your consideration of my application. Please contact me if necessary through the number 123-4567, (available 24 hours). Yours sincerely, Xiao Ming
3．感谢信
Directions: Your friend Jenny gave you a hand when you were in depression because of your mother's death. Write a letter to express your thanks. 1) the reason for the letter
2) What you will do to overcome the sorrow.
The address is not necessary and it should be no less than 100 words. Dear Jenny,
I do not need to tell you how greatly I appreciate all that you have done for me in these days and how grateful I am for the comfort and understanding you gave me when I needed them so desperately.
No one knows better than you how important my mother meant to me and what an aching void my life has become without her. But I am trying to take your advice and I hope that returning to my work next week will help me heal the sorrow.
I really do not know what I would have been without you. Thank you again for everything you have done for me! Affectionately,
Tom
4．安慰信
Suppose you have just heard that a friend of yours has had an accident and is in hospital. Write a letter to comfort him and wish him a speedy recovery and telling him that you can do a favor for him if he needs. Dear Wang Ming,
I feel awfully sorry indeed that you have had an accident and now are treated in hospital. I am really relieved to learn from your classmate that you are so lucky as not to be seriously injured, that you are recovering well and that you will go out of the hospital within a couple of days.
In the following days I sincerely hope you should take a good rest, have an excellent state of
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mind, and follow the doctor’s advice strictly. Just take it easy and don’t worry about the study. I am willing to help you make up the content you have missed while you are in hospital. With the best wishes for your quick and complete recovery. Yours ever, Li Hong
5．咨询信
You are preparing for an English test and in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1. detailed information about the books you want, 2. methods of payment, 3. time and way of delivery.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) ● 参考范文：
To whom it may concern,
I’m writing this letter to inquire about the English reference books I need for preparing for the entrance exams for graduate schools. Since I want to lay a solid foundation for English, I’m especially interested in vocabulary and structure books.
As far as the means of payment are concerned, I wonder if I can mail you the money through the post office. This is the most convenient way for me.
Could you tell me how many days it will take the books to reach me? What’s more, if you can mail me the books, I’ll be much grateful.
Yours sincerely, Li Ming
6．借条
Directions: You are going to write a note for borrowing something. Please describe the information clearly:
1) the thing you want to borrow
2) details about what you are going to do with it. 3) how long will you take it. Tuesday
Dear Xiao Wang,
I am wondering if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days. Now I am busy in translating some important English articles. There are many new difficult words which I have to look up in the dictionary frequently. I just have a paper dictionary but of course it’s not as convenient as the electronic one, which has a bad effect upon my speed of my translating. So I think your electronic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work. I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it. Thank you very much! Yours ever,
Tom
Writing 7 病假条
Suppose you are a student and are ill so you cannot attend the class today. Write a sick leave to your teacher. ● 参考范文：
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Dear Prof. Kang,
I am very sorry to tell you that I cannot attend today’s lecture held by you owing to the fact that I caught a bad cold last night. The doctor said that I should stay in bed for a couple of days. Thus I am compelled to ask for sick leave of two days. I shall make up for the missing classes by consulting my classmates and return to class as soon as I feel better. Enclosed with this letter is the doctor’s certificate. Yours respectfully Li Ming
Writing 8
You attended a short-term English course in Britain and stayed with a local family, the Smiths. When you came back you found that you had carelessly left you laptop computer in their home. Write a letter to your host and hostess expressing your gratitude for their hospitality and telling them your problem. Ask them to return the computer to you. ● 参考范文： Dear Smiths,
I have returned safely to my home in Beijing. Thank you for your hospitality during my stay in Britain (and I’ve learned a lot about English language and your culture).
Do you remember the “Think Pad” I was using every day when I was in Britain? I carelessly left it in my room when I left. It should be on the top layer of my bookshelf. (Now the problem is I have to use it to write a report, but most of the valuable data were saved in my laptop computer.) I’m sorry to bother you again, but I’ll be very grateful if you could send it back to me at the addressI gave you before I left.
I’m sorry for the inconvenience I bring you. Thanks again for everything you did for me when we were together. (If you have a chance to visit China, do let me know. I’ll be your good guide. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours truly, Li Ming
Writing 9
There is a discussion in the newspaper about the employment problems of college graduates.
According to a recent survey, many graduates will be unable to find a job. You should write a letter to the newspaper to:
1. Explain the statistics in the table; 2. Give the reasons for the phenomenon,
3. Propose your suggestions as to how to solve the problem. Employment Problems of College Graduates
Year 2002 2003(Estimated) 2004(Estimated) Number of Unemployed 380,000 420,000 500,000 Graduates
● 参考范文：
As is demonstrated in the table, more and more college graduates are out of a job in our country. It is estimated that in 2004, there will be 500,000 unemployed graduates, thirty percent more than in 2002.
There are several reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, the supply of labor exceeds the demand, hence a shortage of positions. In the second place, many graduates do not want to work in small cities or towns. Last but not the least important, the knowledge of many students is out of
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date. As a result they cannot meet the requirements of the factories and companies.
Serious as the problem seems, we can come up with some measures to deal with it. On one hand, the government should develop our national economy more rapidly, creating more job opportunities. On the other hand, the college students must be realistic in choosing jobs.
Writing 10
假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 1．车祸发生的时间及地点 2．你所见到的车祸情况 3．你对车祸原因的分析
An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident 范文
My name is Liming. I am studying at college. A week ago I saw a traffic accident, which is still vivid in my mind.
It was at about 9:00 on Saturday morning, June 15th, when I went out of the university to visit a friend of mine at another university. I was walking leisurely on the sidewalk when I heard a loud crash of two vehicles just at the T-junction about 10 meters away. Two taxis crashed together which caused this traffic accident.
I went up and found that the two taxis were badly damaged. Both hoofs were out of shape. One door of a car was knocked off and lying on the road. One driver was blooding and another was shut in the taxi. Some people were trying to help the driver get out of the damaged car. One man was calling to the traffic policeman station. A lot of cars were jammed on the road.
From the stopping track on the road, it is clear that the two taxis were driving too fast. But it is just one of the reasons. In my opinion, the taxi drivers are eager to take more passengers and make a little more money. On the other hand, both drivers don’t show concern for one another. Both of them wanted to run in front of another. Therefore, the accident is inevitable. So far, we should let the drivers keep it in mind that safety comes first. To take care of others’ lives is to take care of your own life.
Writing 11 建议信
1．建议报考的专业及理由 2．报考该专业的基本条件 3．应当如何备考
［参考范文］A Letter in Reply to a Friend
January 15, 2010 Dear sir,
When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of
English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, and foreign trade and so on. What’s more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter job market. In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are
necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.”
As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required
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vocabulary. In addition, you’d better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to be enrolled in our university. Yours, Li Ming
Writing 12 旅游景点介绍信
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief
Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:
Your role: a tour guide
Your audience: a group of foreign tourists Your introduction should include: ● some welcoming words ● the schedule for the day
● a description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.) You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
［参考范文］ A tour guide
Good morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. To begin with, I would like to
introduce myself: I am the tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s my great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, “It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar”. I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip.
The following is the schedule of today. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.
Now we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. ON the ground of its long history and length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a
magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says that he who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
Above is my introduction to the Great Wall. If any of you has questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.
Writing 13 竞选演讲词
1. 你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会工作， 2. 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？ ［范文］ A Campaign Speech
Today I am very glad to run for the president of the students’ union. I am junior in Chemical Department. Since I came into the university, I have always been the monitor of my class. I have done a very good job for my classmates, and my classmates and my teacher all give me a good praise. I am good at communication and organizing. And I like to help others.
Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies, for example, basketball, football, table tennis, etc. I am sure that I am qualified for this position. If I become the president, I will try my best to do well. I
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will organize some suitable activities for you. I will do many things for you to meet your demands as well. I am sincerely hope you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good president. Thank you.
Writing 14 节日祝福信
Teacher’s Day
1. 向老师致以节日的问候。
2. 回忆件老师的教诲中难忘的事情。 3. 我如何报答老师。 ［参考范文］
Today is Teachers’ Day and a special occasion to be grateful to all teachers. Your profession deserves the special recognition and respect, especially from the young. There is no more
appropriate time than this to honor you in this most glorious career. You have my eternal gratitude. Have a happy Teachers’ Day.
The whole secret of the teacher’s force lies in the conviction that men are convertible. Teachers, who educate children, deserve more honor than parents, who merely gave them birth, because the latter provided more life, while the former ensure a good life.
My heartfelt thanks to you, dear teacher. On the voyage of life, you have kindled the light of hope for me. What you have done enriches my mind and broadens my view. On this day I honor you sincerely. No one deserves sincere thanks than you. One day is hardly enough to show our gratitude.
Writing 15 欢迎辞
题目：学生加入社团的欢迎辞 1. 活动主要内容 2. 加入好处 3. 如何加入 参考范文
Welcome to English Club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills.
You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions and watching Oscar-winning movies. These extra-curricular activities could offer you ample opportunities. First, your active participation is helpful to strengthening the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers.
You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via bonoo@diandian.net. The deadline for entries is January 28th. Come on, join us now!
Writing 16 建议信
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of Elective courses to choose. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1．各大学开设了多种多样的选修课
2．学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课
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3．以你自己为例…… Elective courses to choose
With the remarkable educational reform and the increasing students’ demand, universities strive to offer a variety of elective courses for students to choose. Some higher institutes provide the
optional courses of cross-cultural communication, and some colleges have computer science on the curriculum of elective courses
There are numerous reasons for students’ selection of the courses, and I would like to explore a few of the most significant ones here. In the first place, students tend to take personal interest into consideration when they opt for an elective course. Possibly, that’s why cross-cultural
communication course is so prevailing on campus. Additionally, some undergraduates attend certain optional courses for their career prospects and future development. Last but not least, to make up for their required credits, there is another universal reason for students to select a course at random.
As far as I am concerned, picking up an elective course, I am inclined to give priority to personal interest. I am taking geographic research and discovery course in that I’ve been greatly keen on science since I was a kid.
Writing 17
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic
Recreational activities. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 娱乐活动多种多样
2. 娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3. 作为大学生我们的看法
With the dramatic development of our society and our living standard, there are a variety of
recreational activities coming to our lives. Some may go to KTV with their friends on weekends to get relaxed after five-day intense work. Meanwhile, others might choose to surf the internet to kill time and appreciate vast resources on the internet.
Everything has two sides just like a coin, and entertainment is no exception. On the one hand, amusement activities can enrich our lives, broaden our horizon, and cultivate our mind. On the other hand, precious time can be wasted and our mind is contaminated if we fail to approach recreation properly.
As far as college students are concerned, we are supposed to take advantage of the benefits from diverse entertainment activities. In addition, it is essential to be self-disciplined and steer clear of the adverse influences.
四．书信一些有用句型
1. I am writing to express my sincere thanks/ dissatisfaction concerning …. I sincerely hope that you will …
2. I would like to inquire about some information about …. I shall be grateful if you would be so kind as to do….
3. I am afraid that I have done …. 4. It is my pleasure to extend an invitation 5. I am deeply obliged to you ….我对你深表感谢。
五．摘要的写法
摘要就是要求考生阅读一篇中文，然后让你用英文写出该篇文章的中心内容。摘要要求 对原始文献（或文章）的基本内容进行浓缩概括并写成语义上连贯的英语短文。因此考生应 该先用中文归纳出每段的中心内容，然后再用英语表达翻译出来。难点就在第二步英语翻译
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表达。该题测试点在于考查词汇用法，句子表达等翻译能力。归纳为两点就是：汉语的简要 归纳和英语的清楚表达
摘要由于范围太大，没法押题，而且没法用模板句子。所以难度比书信大点。这次英语 一考摘要的几率大于英语二。当然命题中心可能会反押题，也可能不出该题。
因此在准备小作文的摘要时，应该以能够迅速掌握原文主要内容为目的，不需加入任何 主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。摘要写作要求简明扼要，用词 准确。
一、写作要点：
（1）边读边归纳段落大意，提炼出关键词和要点信息。
（2）逐渐把中心内容一一压缩成 100 字上下的短文。删掉无关紧要的细节单词。 （3）尽量不要照搬原文的内容。
（4）观点、写作顺序与原文要保持一致。
（5）关键的一步是不断思考翻译出正确的英语，汉语写得再好也没用，关键是英语表达要 正确，全面，不能漏掉关键的信息。同时注意关联词和连接词的使用。比如: However, Finally 等。
二、必背词组:
1. 本篇文章/短文或论文：This paper/article/essay/thesis
2. 主要讨论了/ 涉及到/ 描述了/ 分析了/ 综述了/ 总结了/ Mainly/briefly/primarily/in a large part
discusses/involves/describes/analyzes/summarizes/dwells on/focuses on 3. 作者最后指出/提出/归纳出这样一个观点、事实或结论
The writer of this paper finally points out/sums up such a view/fact/conclusion that …
三．句型举例:
4. This article focuses on the topics of +主题名词或用句子概括文章的中心... 这篇文章的强调的主题是……
5. This essay mainly presents the knowledge of +主题名词或从句 that... 这篇短文主要是讲关于……的知识。 6. This paper provides an overview of... 这篇文章综述了…… 四. 注意事项
英文摘要写作时要求：句子结构严谨，意思表达简明，语义确切恰当。按逻辑顺序来安 排。具体一点来说：句子之间要上下连贯，互相呼应。应尽量使用短句，少用长句，因为长 句容易造成结构含混、语义不清。摘要的句型应力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼 统、含混之词。摘要不分段。
英文摘要应采用第三人称表达方式，谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。进行时态和其他时态基本不用。一般现在时用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述实验结 果、得出研究结论、提出可行建议或讨论等。一般过去时用于叙述在过去某一时刻（时间） 的发现、某一研究过程（实验、观察、调查、医疗等过程）。现在完成时把过去发生的或过 去已完成的事情与现在联系起来。
英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。如果要强调动作承受者，则采用被动语 态；如果被动者无关紧要，则可以采用主动语态。
总而言之，摘要就是先读懂汉语文章，归纳出文章大意，最后用英语正确地表达出来。
五. 摘要大纲实例：经济类
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on
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ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
经济全球化的主要原因
20 世纪 50 年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几 个方面：
全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技 是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历史上历次科技都促进了社会生产力的 飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20 世纪 50 年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要 标志的新的科技的兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导，成为影响生产力发展 的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用，劳动者的智能 和技能得到进一步的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的 发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益深化，各国经济以此为基础紧密相联,世界经 济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时，新科技使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快，新材料、 新产品不断涌现，大量高技术产业不断产生，在世界范围内促进了产业结构的调整和转移， 新的产业布局开始形成,以信息技术和产业为主导，以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门也蓬勃 兴起并迅速发展，快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。 全球化的经济基础。市场经济的强势地位不断增强，公司的突飞发展，国际经 济组织的不断完善为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。
首先，市场经济成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20 世纪 80 年代末至 90 年代初， 世界形势发生了重大变化，东欧剧变，苏联解体, 40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后， 国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标，普遍扩大了对外开放，和平 与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道，改 行自由市场经济，并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中，也逐渐认识到计 划经济的不足和弊端，自 1978 年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革，大力推行 对外开放，努力实现同世界经济的接轨，目前已成为世界经济的重要组成部分。这一切都说 明，市场经济已成为不同制度、不同发展层次国家的共同选择，市场经济已基本实现了 全球化，经济全球化是以市场为基础的，没有市场经济就没有生产要素在国际间的自由流动， 就谈不上经济全球化。
其次，力量不断壮大的公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。公司是以本国作为基 地，通过对外直接投资，在世界各地设立分支机构和子公司，从事国际化生产和经营的企业。 公司凭借其雄厚的经济实力和灵活的经营战略，以全球为工厂，以它所在的各个国家为 车间，在全球范围内充分利用各地的优势组织生产和流通，通过自己广泛的经营活动，实现 了商品和资本等生产要素在全球范围内的整合，促进了生产在国家间的水平分工和垂直分 工，使之密切联系在一起，从而为经济全球化的发展打下了坚实的微观基础，并成为经济全 球化的主要推动力量和主要载体。
最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。二战结束以后，生产力的不断提高， 生产力的国际化使得越来越多的商品、资本、劳动进入国际交流.各国的国际分工和相互依赖 性不断增强。这种日益增强的经济联系要求突破原有的国家间的障碍，实现全球范围内的更 高层次的经济合作，这就要求有超脱于国家之外的国际经济组织发挥重要作用。战后，国际 经济日益明显，国际经济协作不断加强。在当今国际经济关系中，世行、世贸组织、国际货 币基金组织等世界性经济组织的调节作用越来越大，而且还出现出进一步增强的趋势。世贸 组织（WTO）所制定的关于贸易、投资等方面的制度和规则，成为规范全球经济运行，创造 自由、公平竞争环境的统一制度和规则，作为世界金融领域的重要国际组织，即国际货币基 金组织（IMF）和世界银行 (WB)也在国际金融全球化进程中扮演了重要的角色。这些国际 经济组织的成立使得国际贸易和国际金融运行有了统一的规则，对成员国的经贸活动和经济 行为起着协调和规范作用。这些都为经济全球化的发展起着制度保障作用。（1590 字）
中文摘要
本文主要分析了 20 世纪 50 年代初以来，一些促进经济全球化迅猛发展的原因。首先，
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科技进步通过提供物质基础和技术手段为此奠定了技术基础。同时，全球盛行的市场经济体 制也为此奠定了坚实的经济基础。其他因素还包括公司在微观经济领域的支持与推动作 用，以及世贸组织、国际货币经济组织与世界银行等国际经济组织在国际贸易与金融领域所 发挥的不断协调与规范作用。
英文摘要 Abstract
Fundamental Causes of Economic Globalization
This paper mainly analyses several factors which have contributed to the overwhelming
development of economic globalization since the beginning of the 1950s. Firstly, advances in
science and technology have offered a technical foundation by providing the material basis and the technical means. Meanwhile, a solid economic foundation for such a globalization has been laid by the market economy which is prevailing all over the world. Others factors include the
supporting/pillaring and propelling role of multinationals in micro-economic operations, the ever-growing coordinating and controlling function exercised by such international economic organizations as WTO, IMF and WB in the international trade and finance. (103 words)
第九节 传奇作文框架
第一段模板 开头 1：
Whoever in front of this cartoon/drawing/picture will be greatly shocked/impressed. How
amusing and interesting it is! What is vividly illustrated in the painting above is that ___（对漫画笼统地描述)。(从微观上再描述一下) Odd and funny though it looks, such happenings are far
from being rare and we cannot afford to ignore them. 或者 Odd and funny as it seems to be, such stories (stories)/events/happenings/cases/phenomena/practices are so pervasive that we cannot afford to ignore them.
第一段开头 2：
What an interesting and enlightening painting it is! It is indicative of a serious yet common
social phenomenon: (对漫画笼统地描述), (然后从微观上再描述一下) However ridiculous and farfetched it looks (seems to be); the drawer intends far deeper meanings than what is shown superficially.
第一段开头 3：
How amusing and enlightening the above illustration is! It is so funny that whoever sees it cannot help laughing: (对漫画笼统地描述)。(从微观上再描述一下) Simple as it looks, its intended (implied) meaning goes much deeper .What on earth does the drawer really aim to convey? ….while (完全相反时用 in contrary)（描述两个方面）
第二段模板 模板1：
Obviously we can easily define what the painter subtly intends to reflect (communicate) to us.
The strong and clear message suggested is that + 图画主旨. According to recent survey conducted by CCTV(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences/Xinhua News/China Daily/People’s Daily/Fudan University/Peking University /Tsinghua University) 28.6%(自己随便写) people ______主旨
__________（或用一种笼统地切题方法如 are following this tide）It is alarming that a growing number of similar events are occurring .
Nowhere in history has the issue of ______主旨_____ been concerned so much as in our society today. (史上任何时候都比不上今天我们的时代这样更加关切这样的事情，此句由历年真题阅
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读部分改变而来)
“______见下面的例句________”直接引语 __职务 ____，Says Dr. Sun Dong,
职务有：(用副职免得阅卷老师认识) Vice-president of Xiamen University；Vice-director of the Sociological Research Center attached to Chinese Academy of social Sciences；Vice-dean of Sociology Depart of Fudan University
例句：Nowhere says Dr. Sun Dong, __职务 _, “It is alarming such stories/upsetting/parallels are available in nearly all walks of life(各行各业) in our contemporary community.”Failure to realize the severity of the grim situation may significantly decrease our chances of success.
It is hard to imagine what our society would be like years later provided such practices go
unchallenged. Indeed, the whole society should be made aware that any prompt actions are of great benefit to all. 第二段模板 2：
What the drawing conspicuously mirrors/illustrates goes far beyond/more than a simple drawing, instead, it carries thought-provoking/important /striking implications.
举例子：The cartoon reminds me of a few interesting stories. A good case in point is an acquaintance of mine who _______________. Another telling example is one of my former colleagues, who ______________. An acquaintance of mine may well serve as a good example. (补充细节内容).
表原因：What brings about/accounts for this strange phenomenon? I am strongly convinced that this is partly because ___________________, and this is partly because ___________________. What has brought about this strange phenomenon？Some may claim that this phenomenon results from ____________, while I am strongly convinced that the primary reason goes much deeper: +补 充具体原因.
第三段模板 模板 1：
Much can be done. What tops the agenda, I deem, is to help/encourage people to develop positive and wholesome outlook on life as well as the world. Besides/what’s more, noble and worthy values and qualities such as courage, honesty, diligence and perseverance should be encouraged/fostered and cherished.
Additionally, we should appeal to the government to make sustained and concerted efforts to reverse/curb/promote the worsening trend. Only in these ways can we maintain a happy, healthy and harmonious society as we all wish.
Although it is easier said than done, there are god reasons to expect that such a phenomenon can be terminally ended or at least reduced. 第三段模板 2：
To solve the problem, I am strongly convinced that all of us should make sustained and concert efforts. For one thing, school and the mass media should serve as a counterbalance to this grim trend, doing their utmost to develop noble worthy values and qualities among people and
awakening people to the growing threat of the worsening situation. For another, the administration should play a dominant role in taking nationwide prompt actions.
Fortunately, due attention has been paid and effective measures have been taken. Although we
still have a long way to go, this, I believe, is a promising start. A campaign to +主题词汇has begun, a happy, healthy and harmonious society may not be far behind .(历年真题阅读句子改写) 第三段模板 3：
To paraphrase an 18th-century statesman, “All that is needed for the prevalence of a misdeed is that good people do nothing.”
或：Just as an ancient Chinese philosophical book concludes, “All that is needed for the prevalence
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of a misdeed is that good people do nothing.”
The authorities, schools and mass media should forcefully and actively communicate their
instructive and positive message to the public, lest similar misdeeds go unchallenged. If positive and effective measures can be well under way, it may not be long for us to get an easy breath and healthy society we all wish.
If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that that such misdeeds turn into a dreadful handicap, thus posing a threat to the rapid growth of our society.
作文全文框架初级版一(消极类)
How vivid and thought-provoking the above cartoon/drawing is. What is clearly described in it is….. In contrast….
What on earth can we draw from the interesting as well as instructive drawing? It goes without saying that /There is no denying the fact that)/ what the painter actually aims to convey in the
picture is profound. It is obvious that such cases are far from being rare. And upsetting parallels can be readily found anywhere from our neighborhood and all over the country.
What’s more, there is a growing concern currently over the worsening phenomenon. It is hard to imagine what our society would be like years later if this pervasive trend goes unchallenged. Additionally, to reverse this serious situation, effective and efficient measures should be taken by all parties concerned. The authorities, the mass media and everyone are on the list. Enhancing people’s awareness of such practices and setting up relevant rules and regulations are top priorities of the agenda.
Considering what has presented above, we may safely come to the conclusion that it is high time that such things should disappear. Only in this way can we maintain a happy, healthy and harmonious society as we all wish.
作文全文框架初级版二(积极类)
What a vivid and thought-provoking drawing it is! As is vividly depicted in the interesting and instructive cartoon above…..In contrast, what on earth does the drawer really attempt to convey? Undoubtedly, the cartoon conveys the meaning that ______. Nowhere in history has the issue of (考试主题名词) been talked about so much as in our society today. (历史上任何时期都比不上我 们今天时代这样如此关注…这种事情) What’s more, the painting reveals a happy phenomenon and a growing number of similar events have been heard and reported in nearly all aspects of our society.
Hence, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these drawings. On the one hand, we should often use it to enlighten the young to ____. On the other hand, we should be sensible enough to treat this. Only by doing so can we become winners in the competitive world.
To conclude, it is about time that much importance should be attached to such cases. There is every reason to believe that as long as the whole society, the authorities, the mass media and each individual involved strive to make joint efforts, our world will be made dimensional, colorful and vigorous.
作文全文框架中级版三
开头段 1
What an amusing and interesting painting it is! It is indicative of common yet serious social
phenomenon concerning+考试主题. However ridiculous and farfetched as the above picture seems to be, the drawer obviously intends for deeper meanings than what is shown superficially.
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开头段 2
How interesting and instructive the above drawing is. It is so funny that whoever reads this
cartoon can’t help laughing: 描述主题。Simple as the cartoon seems to be, the meaning goes for deeper. What on earth does the cartoon really aims to mirror? 第二段
There is no denying the fact that…/Obviously, we can easily define what the drawer intends to convey to us, and the strong and clear message presented above is that +后接从句即考试的主题。 This drawing goes far more than a simple one. Instead, it carries an important implication of +考 试主题名词. 论据句子
It is alarming that similar events are available in nearly all walks of life. One of my former colleagues can serve as a good example. 后面接几个例子。
It should be observed that upsetting parallels can be readily found in nearly all walks of life. A good case in point(一个好的恰当的例子) is an acquaintance of mine, who+具体实例. According to a survey conducted by CCTV or China Daily last October, 78 percent of people follow the tide. Failure to realize the severity of this grim situation will inevitably decrease our chances of
success. And failure to come up with countermeasures will do more harm to our society. Provided such practices go unchallenged, it is hard to imagine what our society will be like years later. Indeed it is imperative that the whole society should be aware that any prompt action can be of great benefit to all. 第三段
Much can be done. What tops the agenda, I deem, is to help people develop a position and wholesome outlook on life as well as the world and to cultivate noble and worthy values and qualities among them. Moreover, we should appeal to the government to take nationwide prompt actions. The whole society should make sustained and concerted efforts to curb such practices. Only in this fashion can we maintain a happy, healthy and harmonious society as we all wish.
Although it is easier said than done, there are good reasons to expect that such a case will be partly reduced or at last terminally ended.
I am strongly convinced that the authorities, mass media and schools should communicate their positive and instructive messages to the public actively and forcefully, lest this grim situation goes unchallenged. If positive and effective measures can be well under way, it may not be long for us to change this. If good people do nothing, there is real possibility that such a trend will turn to a dreadful handicap, thus posing a threat to the solid growth of our society.
作文全文框架中级版四（讽刺或否定的话题）
What impresses me most deeply in the first cartoon is that +图画最直接的内容(用句子表达), which seems to be humorous as well as ridiculous but thought-provoking on second thoughts. The most striking feature in the second cartoon is that +图画最直接的内容(用句子表达), which seems to be a threatening situation we are unwilling to see. It goes without saying that no
phenomenon has characterized the past few years and aroused our more serious concerns than +主 题名词.
Several points analyzed below can help us gain a better insight into what has happened. To begin with, situating under the shadow of +主题名词, its consequences not only do harm to our physical health but also undermine our moral values and world outlook such as +主题名词.
Undoubtedly, this phenomenon of +主题名词 should be condemned severely or made illegal. In addition, we must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by this, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely contradict with our efforts
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to build up a harmonious society and cause social disturbance and deterioration.
From what has been discussed above, what really counts is not the danger of +主题名词, but how we can prevent it from getting worse.
On the one hand, we should be sensible enough to strengthen the enforcement of the laws to protect +主题名词. On the other hand, it is demanding for us to keep people aware of the
importance of saving us from the evil effects. Although the fight against it is a long-standing and tremendous one, our efforts will eventually pay off.
作文全文框架高级版五（批评坏现象或消极的方面）
How impressive the cartoon is in describing one of the most widespread/ prevalent social
phenomenon/problem concerning + 考试主题名词. As is vividly depicted in the drawing, 介词+ 名词+ 动词谓语 +名词主语，动词-ing或-ed形式+名词，with +名词 + in or on (介词)+名词. Simply designed as the drawing seems to be, the symbolic meaning is as deep as oceans. The
author’s real purpose is not the drawing itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg. The picture is indicative of a serious problem with regard to + 考试主题. It is universally acknowledged that 主题名词 is a controversial topic, which is widely talked about in our
community. In recent years this phenomenon/problem has aroused increasing concern in all walks of life and should be taken into serious account. Therefore, our individuals should attach great significance to solving this problem.
（说明段）I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. It is no simple job to induce reasons for this complicated phenomenon. To begin with, 原因一 . In addition, 原因二 . No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below. According to a recent survey made by China Daily, 编一个与考试有关的例子，应该是个 主谓宾结构. If we can’t take useful measures, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable results may come out unexpectedly, we will see the gloomy future in the area concerned.
（措施段）It is, therefore, necessary that some effective measures should be taken to prevent such a phenomenon. On the one hand, we should be sensible enough to resist this trend. On the
other hand, it is important to keep people aware of the serious consequences of + 消极方面的主题 名词. However, it is easier said than done. Practice is the most important factor. Only when we attach importance to it can we see a colorful and harmonious future sooner or later.
作文全文框架高级版六（弘扬积极的一面）
How impressive the cartoon is in describing one of the most widespread social phenomenon
concerning + 考试主题名词. As is vividly depicted in the drawing, 介词+ 名词+ 动词谓语 +名 词主语，动词-ing或-ed形式+名词，with + 名词 + in or on(介词)+名词. Simply designed as the drawing seems to be, the symbolic meaning is as deep as oceans. The author’s real purpose is not the drawing itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg.
The cartoon is indicative of a positive phenomenon with regard to + 考试主题名词. When it comes to (一谈到) （照抄考试作文题，但必须是名词），different people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people maintain that this is really the case. According to them, all of us should follow this. Others argue that it is not necessarily the case. In their eyes, nobody can fulfill this without constant efforts. There is no doubt that every coin has two sides.
（说明段）I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. It is no simple job to induce reasons for this complicated phenomenon. To begin with, （原因一） . In addition, （原因二） . No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below. According to a survey made by China Daily, （编一个与考试有关的例子，应该是个主谓
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宾结构）. If we follow these trends, we are bound to improve ourselves gradually, and we will see the promising future in the area concerned.
（措施段）It is, therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to make ourselves more competitive in the society. On the one hand, we should be sensible to encourage ourselves to enrich our minds. On the other hand, it is demanding for us to be more persistent. Only when we pay attention to it can we make it better sooner or later.
第十节话题背诵篇
Topic 1 坚持不懈/有决心-----在失败的时候坚持, 做好每一件小事为成功做好准备。 首段：四句话，描述图画，表明图画发人深思。
As is vividly depicted in the picture, （描述图画）. The most striking feature is （图画重点信 息）. There is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly conveyed should be given deep
consideration. Recent few years has witnessed a phenomenon that plays a positive effect/influence on our society.
第二段：七句话，揭示象征含义，从正反两方面论述该积极事物的重要性。从正面列举
该积极事物的好处, 克服困难, 征服挑战, 完善自我, 走向成功, 创造辉煌；从反面列举没有这个积极事物时的不好, 郁闷迷茫, 无成就感和前进动力, 失败挫折感，而且要举例证明，使 观点具体化，并以倒装并列句结尾，画龙点睛。
As is symbolically revealed in the set of drawings, the fact that 重复上面的图画信息
profoundly is indicative that perseverance （毅力）is momentous (重要的) and fundamental to anyone who undertakes great deeds. By definition, perseverance involves that people can persist in when they confront the hardship and prepare every detail for the coming success. It is perseverance that keeps us continually doing something valuable and admirable, that makes us still full of energy to face the coming challenges and competition, and that offers us the foundation for the coming success. Unless we stick to our dream, (适当把主题词进行同义替换)we will live a dull and depressing life and feel frustrated and humiliated, only to be eliminated.
Many capable people who have the burning desire to win fail to achieve their goals just because they don’t persist (是坚持的同意改写)especially when they face the trouble. Many folks who wish to succeed fail just because they don’t persist when they are in trouble. (想成功但失败因为他们不 能坚持特别是遇到困难的时候). Only by being perseverant can they guarantee success and have a strong will to challenge them.
第三段：5—6 句话，承上启下总结上文，两点建议，展望美好未来.
From what have been discussed above, it admits of no doubt that in doing things whether great or small there are more or less difficulties, it is much better for one to persevere than to despair. It is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to cultivate confidence and to pursue the coming goals. On the one hand, we should be sensible to encourage ourselves to
imagine about the colorful future. On the other hand, it is demanding for us to punish ourselves in certain ways if we fail to hold on to our dream. However, it is easier said than done. Practice is the most important factor. Only when you pay attention to it can you make it better sooner or later.
Topic 2：挑战自我，不断改正自身缺陷吸收别人长处，完善自我，自信面对人生；
Challenging ourselves or fight with our defects, perfect ourselves, confident, perseverant, have a better understanding of ourselves.
As is symbolically revealed in the set of drawings, the fact that 重复上面的图画信息
profoundly indicates that defeating oneself rather than the other competitors is momentous (重要的) and fundamental to any one who undertakes great deeds. You have to fight with your own shortcoming and perfect yourself as much as possible. It is challenging ourselves that keeps us continually doing something valuable and admirable in spite of difficulty and discouragement, that
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makes us still full of energy to face the coming challenges and competition, and that offers us the foundation for the coming success. Unless we defeat ourselves, we will live a dull and depressing life and feel frustrated and humiliated, only to be eliminated.
From what have been discussed above, it admits of no doubt that in doing things whether great or small there are more or less difficulties, it is much better for one to have a better understanding of oneself. It is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to make yourself more competitive in the society. On the one hand, we should be sensible to encourage ourselves to enrich our minds. On the other hand, it is demanding for us to be more perseverant. However, it is easier said than done. Practice is the most important factor. Only when you pay attention to it can you make it better sooner or later.
Topic 3. 对别人真诚，有礼貌，无私奉献，谦虚为人
Genuineness and cordiality are rewarding
As is symbolically revealed in the set of drawings, the fact that his smile can be reflected as tenderly as his real smile profoundly is indicative that genuineness and cordiality are momentous (重要的) and fundamental to any one who undertakes great deeds. It is corporation with the team with great zeal that keeps us continually doing something valuable and admirable in spite of
difficulty and discouragement, that makes us still full of energy to face the coming challenges and competition, and that offers us the foundation for the coming success. Unless we are genuine to others, we will not be acknowledged, appreciated and respected by the others.
No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below. Many capable people who always care about his way of thinking will be living a dull, depressing life. Only by being genuine to others can they win other people’s trust and reward the support.
Topic 4. 选择工作，实事求是，量体裁衣，因地制宜
As is symbolically revealed in the set of drawings, the fact that the two men in different social positions have different attitudes toward life profoundly is indicative that the fittest is the best to anyone who wants to enjoy their life. It is fitting the job that keeps us continually doing something valuable and admirable in spite of difficulty and discouragement, that makes us still full of energy to face the coming challenges and competition, and that offers us the foundation for the coming success. Unless we choose the job that fits us, we will make a mess out of our life.
No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below. Many
capable people who have the burning desire to win choose an admirable employment and suffer great illnesses.
From what have been discussed above, it admits of no doubt that in doing things whether great or small there are more or less difficulties, it is much better for one to choose job that can be done within his capability. It is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to make it work. On the one hand, we should be sensible to find what we are skillful at and make a plan about the future. On the other hand, it is demanding for us to change to another job if it does not fit us. However, it is easier said than done. Practice is the most important factor. Only when you pay attention to it can you make it better sooner or later.
Topic 5 中西方文化融合，但要特别关注保护民族传统节日的问题。
The cartoon vividly depicts the current celebration of western and Chinese festivals in China. In the first picture, The Lantern Festival is defeated by St. Valentine’s Day on an arena. The Caption reads, “the Lantern Festival PK St. Valentine’s Day. In the second picture, a happy Santa Claus with
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lots of gifts is running in front of two astonished Chinese children with firecrackers and lanterns. We are informed that the Spring Festival is in danger.”
The purpose of the drawings is to show us that importance should be attached to the issue of festival celebration. On the one hand, western festival celebrations are so colorful that especially the youth can’t resist all the temptation of having one. Just imagine the romantic atmosphere on St. Valentine’s Day, the fun on All Fool’s Day and the joy brought by gifts and games at Christmas. On the one hand, Chinese festivals have their own attractions. Think about the comfort of family reunion during Spring Festival and the coziness of national feelings on many occasions.
To my mind, some fashionable western festivals are undoubtedly days to set aside as special. Meanwhile, I can’t afford to be absent from family gathering during many Chinese festivals. My celebration would be a combined one, some for western festivals, and some for Chinese ones.
Topic 6 有关出国留学问题
The picture vividly depicts that three young students are flying in the sky. With a bag on the back, each of them is holding a huge book entitled “Studying abroad ”. The caption reads “Studying abroad is enjoying a striking popularity currently.”
The purpose of the cartoon is to show us that importance should be attached to studying abroad. First and foremost, living and studying abroad offers students a different perspective of the world. On a university campus, international students are likely to encounter their counterparts from various countries and regions and are exposed to diverse ideas as well as values. What’s more, overseas experience is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign language. There is no better chance to improve second-language skills than living in the foreign country where the native language is spoken.
Generally speaking, it is my viewpoint that although going abroad is expensive and perhaps
painful, the payoff is worthwhile. In the first place, in addition to knowledge, overseas students can gain experiences that those who can stay at home will never have. Furthermore, overseas experience, frustrating and painful as it may be, is conducive to the growth of adolescents.
Accordingly, the difficulty, coupled with the frustration brought by culture shock, is a rewarding treasure for one’s future life and development of personality.
这幅画生动地描述了三个青年学生在天空中飞翔的情景。他们背上背着书包，每个人都紧 握着一本名为《留学》的大书。文字说明显示：留学热。
这幅漫画的目的是告诉我们应该充分重视留学问题。首先，国外生活和学习提供给学生一 个看待世界的不同视角。在大学校园中，国际学生很可能遭遇来自不同国家和地区之间的同 伴，并且面临迥然不同的观念和价值。此外，海外经历为外语在实际生活中的运用提供了最 佳时机。没有比住在使用该语言的国家更好地提高外语技能的机会了。
总之，我认为尽管出国留学很昂贵，并且可能很痛苦，但这种付出是值得的。首先，除了 知识之外，留学生可以获得留在国内的学生永远无法获得的宝贵经验。其次，尽管留学经历 可能使人沮丧痛苦，然而这对年轻人的成长是有益的。因此，这种困难以及文化撞击所带来 的挫折，对于个人的未来生活与个性发展将是一笔宝贵的财富。
Topic 7 财富或高薪与快乐
The cartoon vividly depicts the relationship between wealth and happiness. In the first picture, a graduate is standing on the top of a hill named “high salary ” . In the second drawing, a rich man is caged by diamonds. The caption reads, wealth is not equal to happiness.
There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness, especially in the current community. Various kinds of up-to-date household appliances, latest fashions and recreations make their appearances
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with each passing day. On the contrary, wealth can also lead to disasters if we have an inappropriate approach to it. Wealth may tempt weak-willed persons to be addicted to harmful habits, such as drug-taking and gambling, and result in their ruin.
From my point of view, one should never rely on wealth to achieve happiness. For one thing, a person may lose his reason and go astray if he only intends to seek wealth and indulges himself in leading a luxurious life. For another, there are some government officials who take advantage of their positions to take bribes from the people turning to them for help. Hence, on no account can we equate happiness with wealth.
这副漫画生动地描述了财富和快乐的关系。在第一副图中，一个毕业生站在一座名为“高薪” 的小山顶上。图二中，一个富豪被囚禁在钻石的笼子里。文字说明显示：财富并不等于快乐。 毫无疑问，财富能带来快乐，尤其在现代社会。各种各样新式的家用电器，最新的时尚和 娱乐与日俱增。另一方面，如果我们采取不适当的手段来获取财富，那就会带来灾难。财富 可能诱惑意志薄弱的人迷上坏习惯，例如吸毒和，并且导致毁灭。
在我看来，人不能只是依赖财富来获得快乐。一方面，一个人如果只想寻求财富，并沉迷 于过奢侈的生活，就会失去理性，误入歧途。另一方面，有一些利用职权，向有求 于他们的人索取贿赂。因此，我们决不能把快乐等同于财富。
Topic 8 On Fashion 论时尚
Young folks are especially fashion-conscious. They know what is the latest in clothes, hairstyles and are willing to spend money on whatever is popular at present.
Why are people so keen about fashion？Fashionable clothes may make one look physically smart and attractive, but the more important reason why people want to follow fashion is
psychological. Fashion is a symbol of high living standard and good taste. Expensive brand-name clothes make the wearer feel good about himself. He may feel he is part of a high status group and therefore more respectable in other’s eyes.
In my personal sense, there is nothing wrong in following the fashion providing one has the money for it. But we should not make it the aim of our life because it can’t bring us true happiness and satisfaction in life. On the other hand, in the long run it is always our character instead of our outward appearance that wins us the respect of others.
Topic 9 The harmful effects of cheating 欺骗的害处
Cheating is still a serious problem among college students. Although few students cheat
frequently, many admit that they are tempted to cheat or have cheated on occasions. It is therefore necessary that we examine again the harm that cheating can do to us.
Cheating is harmful to us for the following reasons. To begin with, it is unfair to the students
who are honest. There is no fairness if a student who cheats gets a high score than one who doesn’t. What’s more, it defeats the purpose of learning. The purpose of exams is to test how much students have learned about a subject. Exams in a sense force students to work hard. However if you don’t work hard, you learn nothing, though you may pass exams by dishonest means. Therefore you are the ones who loses. Finally cheating is harmful because it can lead to dishonesty in a student’s later life. A student who is dishonest in his studies is less likely to be honest later, both as a professional and as an individual in a society. A dishonest person can hardly attain true success in life.
In view of the above discussion, college students should make up their minds to stop cheating and practice honesty in their studies. Honesty is more important than grades.
Topic 10 On sense of responsibility 论责任感
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Everyone should have a sense of responsibility, by which we mean the fulfillment of one’s task, duty or obligation. As a teacher, one should be responsible to one’s students. As a student, one should understand that one’s duty is to learn well. It is this sense of responsibility that makes society progress. He who fails to carry out his duty should be blamed.
Duty calls for us students to study hard. To be responsible for my study is no easy task. I have to pluck up my courage, face the difficulties and accept the challenge. I must be responsible to myself for everything I do. This sense of responsibility spurs(激励) us to go on when I meet hardship or setbacks(挫折).
I must rely on my own efforts and do my uttermost. I must make sure that I make steady
progress in my studies. My ability and attitude toward life and study concerns not only the school, but also my own future. I must study hard in order to repay my parents, my teachers and all my friends for their kindness and help.
Topic 11 Opportunity and determination 机遇和决心
Everyone dreams of attaining success in his career. However the way to success is not a smooth one. It is full of difficulties and obstacles. Faced with frustrations and setbacks, those who have a dogged determination can stick to their cause to the end so that they stand a chance of success. On the contrary, those whose determination is often weakened by difficulties will end up nowhere. Determination is the key to success. With a strong determination, one is able to brave whatever hardships or dangers one may face. Take Sun Yat-sen for example, in spite of his failures, he
continued to make constant efforts to pursue his objective and devoted his life to the revolutionary cause. As a result, he succeeded in helping overthrow the Qing Dynasty.
In addition to determination, opportunity is also indispensable to one’s success. Without
opportunities, one sometimes can hardly display one’s talents, competence and abilities. However opportunities seem to favor those who have inflexible determination and resolute perseverance. As the old saying goes, opportunity knocks but once. Therefore we must grasp and utilize every opportunity to ensure success.
Topic 12 学术
As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, some people who call themselves “scholars” are
doing their research. Instead of writing his own research paper, he resorts to copying others’ theses. Looking at the picture, we can’t but worry about the problem of intellectual honesty---an issue vital to the healthy development of our science and technology cause.
Suppose that every scientist or researcher doesn’t do experiments, but plagiarize other’s research results, then what would happen? There would be no academic credibility and people would no longer believe what the scientists say. Since scientists are noble elites of society, if their words are unreliable, then the credibility of the whole society would deteriorate and collapse.
As a consequence, intellectual credibility is not something that we can afford to lose or leave it at large. To begin with, relevant laws and regulations should be made to severely punish those copy others’ works. In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of the young that academic honesty is extremely vital to us. In short, it is high time that we took effective measures to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the cartoon.
这幅漫画象征性地描述了一些所谓的“学者”在如何进行研究。这位学者并未创作自己
的研究论文，而是致力于抄袭他人的论文。看着这幅漫画，我们不得不担心学术诚信问题---- 这对我们的科学技术事业的健康发展至关重要。
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假设每个科学家或研究者都不做实验，而是抄袭他人的研究成果，那将发生什么？学术 诚信将不复存在，人们将不会再相信科学家的话。科学家是社会的高级精英，如果他们所说 的话变得不可信，那么整个社会的诚信将会恶化并且崩溃。
因此，我们不能对学术诚信问题置之不理。一方面，我们应该制定严格的法律法规来严 惩那些抄袭他人成果的人。另一方面，我们应该培养年轻人的意识：学术诚信对我们非常重 要。简而言之，我们应该采取有效措施来扭转图画中所阐释的令人不安的趋势。 可爱的同学们，冲刺班课程结束后，希望你们有时间要上我博客，去关注有
关今年考研的一些不断更新的资料：blog.sina.com.cn/huangtaokaoyan, 预祝大家所 有考试一考而过，马到成功！
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