初中英语复习提纲

1、词类：英语词类分十种：

名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it .

3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange .

4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .

6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.

7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the.

8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.

2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是―谁‖或者―什么‖。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答―做(什么)‖。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是―什么‖或者―怎么样‖。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是―什么‖。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)

3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。

1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法：

(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容词：①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。 3、转换法：

(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。 (2)动词→名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。 (3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。 (4)形容词→副词,如：early→early, fast→fast等等。

(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。 二、名词：

1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如：Beijing, Tom, the People‘s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；

▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：

①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.

②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. [注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives. 2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

3、名词所有格： 1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加‘s。如：Childern‘s Day(儿童节), my sister‘s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加‘。如：Teachers‘ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加‘s. 如： today‘s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes‘ break(十分钟的课间休息), China‘s population(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如： a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

2、[注解]：① ‗s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt‘s(我阿姨家), the doctor‘s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B‘s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily‘s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) ③ ―of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词‖,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father‘s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：

1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, ① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) ② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况： What‘s the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

5、部分名词用法辨析：

1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指―户外运动‖,以锻炼为主,概念较大；game意思是―运动、比赛‖,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；match意为―竞赛、比赛‖,多指正式比赛；race主要表示―赛跑、赛马、赛车‖。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league match(联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)

2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival―节日‖,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；

holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation―假期‖,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情？)

3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)

4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指―噪音‖；voice指人的―嗓音‖。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)

5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；fish指―鱼肉‖时是不可数名词。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)

三、代词：1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。

2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) / That‘s it.(就那么回事) / It‘s he!(是他！)

2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)

3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：--Who is it?(是谁？) –It‘s I/me.(是我。) 4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含―我‖时,按照―you→he→I‖的顺序表达。如：

Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我) 5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示―时间、天气、温度、距离、情况‖等含义,此外还可以作―非人称代词‖使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：--What‘s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It‘s fine.(天气晴好) / --What‘s the time?(几点啦？) –It‘s 12：00.(12点) / It‘s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)

3、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：

Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)

2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：

This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)

3、―of + 名词性物主代词‖称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：

A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 4、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。 1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如： Don‘t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) 2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：

The story itself is good. Only he didn‘t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好) 6、 指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事 单数 复数 含义 this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人和物 that(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人和物 such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物 same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时

指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如：

What‘s this?(这是什么？) / That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) /

Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)/ ---Who is it?(是谁？) ---It‘s me!(是我！)

6、关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。

1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。

如：The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年级的) 2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：

Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？)

3、关系代词which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？)

4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗？)

7、连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。

英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。 8、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。 单数

含义 some any no none / / each (every) one either, neither so the other, another 复合不 定代词 不可数 含义 much little, a little all / / / / / 复数 含义 many few, a few ones both others, the others ※ 注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything

(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). (1)some和 any 的用法：

some一般用于肯定句中,意思是―几个‖、―一些‖、―某个‖作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)

any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是―任何一些‖、―任何一个‖,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didn‘t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)

any 用于肯定句时,意思是―任何的‖。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。) (2)no和none的用法：

no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是―没有‖,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)

none只能使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是―没有一个人(或事物)‖,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) (3)all和both的用法：

all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。

both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)

all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以使用,采用―all/both + of the +名词(复数)‖的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮) (4)every和each用法：

every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是―每一个‖,表示整体概念；

each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是―每个‖或者―各个‖,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在―be动词、助动词、情态动词‖之后或者行为动词之前

every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) (5)either和neither的用法：

either意思是―两个中间的任何一个‖；neither是either的否定形式,意思是―两个都不‖。

neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I don‘t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。) (6)other、the other和another的用法：

other意思是―另一‖、―另一些‖,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是―另外‖、―又一个‖,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：

Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？) / I want another four books.(我还要四本书)

another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)

others与the others的主要区别：others指―剩余的人/物‖(指大部分)；the others指―其余的人/物‖,(指全部)。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)

(7)many和much的用法：

many意思是―很多‖,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是―很多‖,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I don‘t have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多)

many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如： There are a lot of people on the playground.(操场上有许多的人)/ They haven‘t got much work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。) (8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：

few、little意思是―很少几个‖、―几乎没有‖,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是―有几个‖、―有些‖,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：

He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) / Don‘t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)

(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thig 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。

somebody, somthing, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,丽丽,门有人。) /Di(每个人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到么人了吗？)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)

(10)one与ones用来代上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如： Which jacket would yu like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？ / I don‘t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些)

一、动词词组(包括短语动词)、介词词组和其他词组 (一)由be构成的词组

1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出 2)be at home/work 在家/上班 3)be good at 善于，擅长于 4)be careful of 当心，注意，仔细 5)be covered with 被……复盖 6)be ready for 为……作好准备 7)be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶 8)be interested in 对……感到举 9)be born 出生

10)be on 在进行，在上演， （灯）亮着 11)be able to do sth. 能够做……

12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 害怕……(不敢做……，恐怕……) 13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气 14)be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴(满意) 15)be famous for 以……而著名

16)be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求 17)be from 来自……，什么地方人 18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了 19)be worried 担忧

20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做…… 21)be covered with 被……所覆盖…… 22)be in (great) need of (很)需要 23)be in trouble 处于困境中 24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做…… 25)be late for ……迟到

26)be made of (from) 由……制成 27)be satisfied with 对……感到满意 28)be free 空闲的，有空 29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床

30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做……(忙于……)

(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、looke、put、set、sendtake、

turn、play等动词构成的词组 1)come back 回来 2)come down 下来 3)come in 进入，进来 4)come on 快，走吧，跟我来 5)come out出来 6)come out of 从……出来 7)come up 上来 8)come from 来自……

9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业 10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读 11)do one's best 尽力

12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜，读点书，大扫除) 13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事) 14)do morning exercises 做早操 15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操 16)do well in 在……某方面干得好 17)get up 起身

18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好 19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备 20)get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽) 21)get back 返回 22)get rid of 除掉，去除 23)get in 进入，收集 24)get on/off 上/下车 25)get to 到达 26)get there 到达那里 27)give sb. a call 给……打电话 28)give a talk 作报告

29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会) 30)give back 归还，送回

31)give……some advice on 给……一些忠告 32)give lessons to 给……上课 33)give in 屈服 34)give up 放弃

35)give sb. a chance 给……一次机会 36)give a message to…… 给……一个口信 37)go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧 38)go to the cinema 看电影

39)go go bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺) 40)go to school (college) 上学(上大学) 41)go to (the) hospital 去医院看病

42)go over 过一遍，复习/ go over to 朝……走去

43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西 44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿) 45)go round 顺便去，绕道走 46)go up 上去

47)go out for a walk 外出散步 48)go on (doing) 继续(做……)

49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作 50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼 51)(the lights) go out (灯)熄了

52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会

53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球)赛 54)have dictation 听见 55)have a try 试一试

56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴

57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会) 58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告

59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水，(一杯茶) 60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭) 62)have a dinner 吃正餐

63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶 )have (have got) a headache 头痛 65)have a fever 发烧

66)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒) 67)have a look (at) 看一看……

68)have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息) 69)have a talk 谈话

70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步 71)have sports 进行体育锻炼

72)have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会 73)have something done 让人(请人)做 74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试 75)have an idea 有了个主意

76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做……(最好不要做……) 77)have a word with 与……谈几句

78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth. 在……方面帮助…… 帮助……做 79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉 80)help each other 互相帮助

81)keep up with 跟上……，不落后于…… 82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静 83)keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做…… 84)keep one's diary 记日记

85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂，响声) 86)make a living 谋生

87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做…… 88)make faces (a face)做鬼脸 )make friends (with)与……交朋友 90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯错误 91)make room/space for 给……腾出地方 92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用……造句 93)make a fire 生火

94)be made from/of 由……制成 95)be made in 在……地方制造

96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面) 97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查字典 98)look up 往上看，仰望 99)look after 照，照看，照顾 100)look for 寻找 101)look like 看上去像

102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑 103)look out 当心，小心

104)look on …as… 把……当作……看待

105)look around 朝四周看 106)look at 看着…

107)put on 穿上(衣服)，戴上(帽子)，上演(戏剧) 108)put up 建造，搭起，起，举起，张帖 109)put into 使进入，输入

110)put one's heart into 全神贯注于 111)put…down… 把……放下 112)put…into… 把……译成 113)set up 竖起，建 114)set off 出发，动身 115)set out 出发

116)set an example for 为……树立榜样 117)send for 派人去请(叫) 118)send out 放出，发出 119)end up 把……往上送，发射 120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告 121)take out 拿出，取出 122)take down 拿下 123)take place 发生

124)take one's place 坐……的座位，代替某人职务 125)take the place of 代替…… 126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息 127)take it easy 别紧张 128)take sth.with sb. 随身带着

129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假 130)take care of 关心，照顾，保管

131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼) 132)take an exam 加考试 133)take away 拿走 134)take back 收回，带回 135)take hold of 抓住……

136)take off 脱下(衣，帽，鞋等)拿掉 137)take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动) 138)take photos 拍照 139)take some medicine 服药

140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车，火车/船 141)turn on 开，旋开(电灯，收音机等) 142)turn off 关上(电灯，收音机等) 143)turn in 交出，上交 144)turn…into… 变成 145)turn to 翻到，转向 146)turn down (把音量)调低 147)turn…over 把……翻过来

148)play basketball 打篮球，football 踢足球，volleyball 打排球 149)play games 做游戏

150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴) 151)play with snow 玩雪

152)play a joke (on) 对……开玩笑 (三)由其他动词构成的词组 153)think over 仔细考虑 154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处 155)eat up 吃完，吃光 156)do well in 在……干得好

157)enjoy doing sth. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事 158)find out 发现，查出(等) 159)finish off 吃完，喝完 160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事 161)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 162)hold a meting 举行会议 163)hold up 举起 1)hurry up 赶快，快点 165)enter for 报名参加 166)langht at 嘲笑 167)be used to 习惯于 168)used to 过去常常 169)wake…up 唤醒 170)work out 算出

二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组 1)ask for 向……要……，请求 2)ask for leave 请假

3)send for 派人去请(叫) 4)pay for 付……的款 5)wait for 等候 6)thank for 为……感谢

7)apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉 8)look for 寻找

9)leave…for 离开……去…… 10)fall off 跌落

11)catch cold 着凉，伤风 12)catch up with 赶上

13)agree with sb. 赞成，同意某人的意见 14)filled……with 把……装满 15)tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事 16)talk about 谈论…… 17)think about 考虑…… 18)worry about 担忧…… 19)look after 照料

20)run after 追赶，跟在后面跑 21)read after 跟……读 22)smile at 对……微笑 23)knock at 敲(门、窗) 24)shout at 对……大喊(嚷) 25)throw away 扔掉 26)work hard at 努力做…… 27)wait in line 排队等候 28)change…into… 变成 29)hurry into… 匆忙进入 30)run into… 跑进 31)hear of 听说 32)think of 认为，考虑 33)catch hold of 抓住 34)instead of 代替…… 35)hand in 交上来 36)stay in bed 卧病在床 37)hear from收到……来信

38)at once 立刻

39)at last 最后40)at first 起先，首先 41)at the age of… 在……岁时 42)at the end of… 在……之末 43)at the beginning of… 在……之初 44)at the foot of… 在……脚下 45)at the same time 同时 46)at night/noon 在夜里/中午

47)with one's help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助 48)with the help of … 在……的帮助下 49)with a smile 面带笑容 50)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见 51)after a while 过了一会儿 52)from now on 从现在起 53)from then on 从那时起 54)far example 例如 55)far away from 远离

56)from morning till night 从早到晚 57)by and by 不久 58)by air mail 寄航空邮件 59)by ordinary mail 寄平信 60)by the way 顺便说 61)by the window 在窗边 62)by the end of… 到……底为止 63)little by little 逐渐地 )in all 总共 65)in fact 事实上

66)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时 67)in a hurry 匆忙

68)in the middle of 在……中间 69)in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快 70)in time (on time) 及时 71)in public 公众，公开地 72)in order to 为了…… 73)in front of 在……前面

74)in the sun 在阳光下 75)in the end 最后，终于 76)in surprise 惊奇地 77)in turn 依次 78)of course 当然 79)a bit (of) 有一点儿 80)a lot of 许多

81)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上82)on foot 步行，走路 83)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 84)on the other hand 另一方面 85)at/on the weekend 在周末 86)on the left (right) 在左(右)边 87)on the other side of 在……另一边 88)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) )to one's joy 使……高兴的是 90)to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是 三、量词词组和其他词组

(一)量词词组 1)a bit 一点儿

2)a few (of) 一些(可数)，几个…… 3)a little 一些(不可数) 4)a lot of (lots of) 许多 5)a piece of 一张(一片，块) 6)a cup of 一茶怀 7)a glass of 一玻璃杯

8)a pile of (piles and piles of) 一堆(一堆堆的)…… 9)a box of 一盒

10)a copy of 一份，一本 11)a bowl of 一碗 12)a basket of 一篮 13)a plate of 一盘 14)a bottle of 一瓶 15)a basin of 一脸盆 16)a set of 一套

17)a kind of 一种 18)a type of 一种类型的

19)a great deal of 非常多，大量的(不可数名词)

20)a large (great) number of 非常多，大量的(可数名词)

21)a great many 大量，许多(可数名词)22)a different type of 一种不同型号的 23)a group of 一队，一组，一群

(二)其他词组

1)all kinds of 各种各样的

2)all over the world/the country 全世界/全国 3)all over 遍及每一部分，浑身 4)all one's life 一生 5)one after another 顺次 6)the Children's Palace 少年宫 7)day after day 日复一日 8)up and down 上上下下 9)the day after tomorrow 后天 10)the day before yesterday 前天

11)the last/past two years (or so) 最近两年(左右) 12)the whole country/the whole world 全国/全世界 13)a moment ago 刚才 14)just now/then 刚才/那时

15)half an hour's walk 步行半小时的路程 16)late on 过后，后来 初中英语八种时态归纳复习 Ⅰ. 初中英语八种时态归纳复习

时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。 一、一般现在时：

概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语：

always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month...), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时：

概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month...), in 19, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

三、现在进行时：

概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时：

概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时：

概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语：recently, lately, since...for...,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +d one. 一般疑问句：have或has。 六、过去完成时：

概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即\"过去的过去\"。

时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month...),etc. 基本结构：had + done.

否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 七、一般将来时：

概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year...),soon, in a few minutes, by...,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.

否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时：

概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语：the next day(morning, year...),the following month(week...),etc. 基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.

否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。 Ⅱ. 几种常见时态的相互转换

英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式： 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换

在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于\"一段时间 + ago\"的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于\"It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时\"的句型中，表示\"自从......以来有......时间\"的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于\"Some time has passed since + 一般过去时\"的句型中。请看： A. He joined the League two years ago.

B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.

D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换

在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示\"处于某种状态\"，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换

在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为\"我就来，妈妈！\"请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.

四、\"be going to+动词原形\"与\"will(shall)+动词原形\"结构的转换

\"be going to+动词原形\"、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时\"will(shall)+动词原形\"结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：

We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module 1

第一模块

语法：一、一般现在时：

概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year,month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时：

概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year,night, month…), in 19, just now, at the age of 5, one day, longlong ago, once upon a time, etc.

基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时：

概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.

基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时：

概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语：at this time yesterday, at thattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构：was/were+doing

否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时：（略，后面复习） 六、一般将来时：

概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a fewminutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.

否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。

translate … into 把…翻译成… translation 翻译（名词）

the number of …的数字 a number of =numbers of = many 许多 write down 写下，记下 write it down , write down your mistakes

else 其他 what else …还有其他的… , anything else其他的一些， sombody else’s books 其他人的书

newspaper 报纸（可数）in the newspaper , on paper .

each各个，每个 each of us likes running . eachother 互相

enjoy yourself (myself , yoursef, herself , himself , itself ,yourselves , ourselves , themselves)=have a good time

a piece of一张（片，块，件，则） all the time 总是，一直 borrow 借（入） lend借（出） keep借（保持）

why don’t you = why not you为什么你不 in class 在课堂上 next to靠近，旁边 should 应该（情态动词）

It's +adi.+ to do sth. 做某事怎么样。 It’s interesting tosee English movies. How about = what about (后加名词) How about doingsome shopping?

try not to do sth.…尝试不要做 helpsb. with sth.= help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人某事 ask for请求 ask sb. for sth.向某人请求某事

enjoy doing = like doing喜欢做某事 speakto (with) sb. 和某人说话 take a deep breath做个深呼吸

quickly动作迅速地，敏捷地 We get up quickly in the morning. fast速度快 He can ranfast. leave离开 leave Beijing 与leave for Beijing离开北京与去北京。 I left my homework athome.忘记 look for寻找

make friends交朋友 invite sb. to 邀请某人 invitation邀请（名词，不可） in the order按顺序 parctie doing练习做

say hello / goodbye tosb.向某人问好/说再见 learn from 向… 学习

remember/forget to do sth. 记住/忘记了做某事（事情还没做） remember/forget doing sth记住/忘记做某事（事情已经做了） Remember to goto the post office afterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。 Don't youremember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? makemistake犯错误 adivce (名词) advise(动词)建议

excellent= very good 出色的;杰出的;优等的 hear from 收到某人来信

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module2

第二模块

语法：现在完成时 have(has) + done 表示―已经‖、―曾经‖ever

Have you ever been to Shanghai? Yes, I have . /No, I haven’t ( No, never.)

experience经验（不可），经历（可） I know from experiencethat there will be rainy tomorrow.据我的经验，今天要下雨。 He had many interesting experiences while travelling inAfrica.他在非洲旅行时，有很多有趣的经历。

kind 种类 all kinds ofanimals各种动物 kind仁慈的，和善的 It'skind of you to invite me to your party你太好了邀请我参加你的晚会。 kind of 有点儿,有一些 Beihai Park is kind of quiet . 北海公园有点安静。

come true成为现实 abroad 在国外（副词） be abroad 在国外 go abroad去国外 one day 某天 all over China 全中国

more than = over超过 sell out卖光 be frome= come from来自

another 又（一）个，再一（个）（指三个以上） another apple ，another two apples send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb.送某人某物 travelaround the world 环游世界 the price of …的价格 What’s the price of the book ?=How much the book ? take off 起飞；脱下 land土地；着落 enter进入，参加 What do you reckon ?= What do you think ? 你是怎么认为的？

exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 Are you excited about going to Beijing? 你要去北京了，感到兴奋吗？ He told us anexciting story yesterday. 他昨天给我们讲了一个使人激动的故事。其他类似的词，surprising/sruprised ；interesting/interested go to sleep 睡觉=go to bed be asleep 睡着的=fall insleep

by plane 坐飞机＝take a plane =on aplane fly to sw.=go to sw. byplane 坐飞机到某地 at the end 结束时 in the end最终，终于 get up 站起来；起床

beside , next to ,near三个词都是\"在旁边，在附近，靠近\"的意思：但是表示远近时候还是有区别的。从近到一般近到最近为到：NEAR> BESIDE> NEXT TO

cook sth. for sb. 为某人做什么饭菜=cook sb.sth. buy sth. for sb. =buy sb.sth.为某人买什么

problem（需要solve解决）的问题 question（需要answer回答的）问题

yet （迄今）还，已经(用于否定句和疑问句中). Has the bell rung yet?--- It has not rung yet.已经敲钟了吗? ---还没有. Anne has already finished.安妮已经做完了

how to do sth. 怎么样做某事 Can you tell me how tolearn English well?=Can you tell me how I can learn Englishwell?

before 以前；在…之前 （常用完成时） ago以前（过去时） His parents died

tenyearsago．他父母十年前都去世了。 I have never been there before．我以前从来没有去过那里 Inever saw him before．我以前从未见过他。

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module3

第三模块

语法：现在完成时 刚刚、过、还（未）、最近 just already yet recently 时间状语 since for

What are you up to ?= What are you doing?你在做什么？

the latest news最近的消息 severalmonths 几个月 not yet 还没有

It take(for sb.) +时间+to do sth.（某人）做某事花了多少时间 Ittook me two hours to do my homework yesterday. (扩展) I spent two hours (in)doing my homeworkyesterday. I spent two hours on my homeworkyesterday. The homework cost mytwo hours yesterday. spend与cost与pay一样还可以表示―花钱‖。

have been to 与have gone to havebeen to 是曾进去过某地方，但已经回到说话现场have gone to 是在去某地的旅途中或去了某地还没回来。例： I havebeen to Guangzhou twice.(我去广州两次了，此时该人不再广州） He hasgone to guangzhou.(他去了广州，现在在广州或在去的途中）

no one=nobady 、 none 、nothing no one / nobody 常用来指人，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式. none 可指人也可指物，作主语时，如和 of连用指不可数名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式；指可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。nothing常用来指物，作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式； No one likes a person with badhabbits. None of them has /have seen me before. Nothing isdifficult in the world if you put your heart intoit. none 可用来回答 How many / much…？ 的特殊疑问句；而 no one / nobody 及 nothing则分别用来回答 Who…？ 和 What…？ 的特殊疑问句。如：— How many birds are there in thetree？— None. — What is in the box？ — Nothing. — Who is in the classroom？ — Noone / Nobody. take the space shuttle 乘坐宇宙飞船 show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.给某人看某物 on bussiness出差 millions of几百万年（hundreds of , thousands of , billion of ）

they’re coming back this evening .= they will come back thisevening .某些动词的现在进行时可以表示将来时。如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,return 等等. go around the sun围绕太阳转 也also(句中)too(句末)either(否，疑句)

are called =are named 被叫做(be动词+行为动词过去分词) Lao Sheare called a language master in China.

along 与lonely 独自，孤独 along是指独自一人，单独，它是副词 而lonely则是指孤独，寂寞，荒凉，它是形容词 along多指表面上一个人的，lonely是指心灵上的孤寂。she lives along,but she doesn't feellonely. 她一个人住，但是她不感到孤独。 most of 大多数的 once 一次（twice两次three times 三次…）

discover找到（未知） find找到（已知） look for 寻找 look out找出（） space station太空站 come back回来 next year明年 so far 到目前为止 as…as… 和…一样 Daming lears English as well(原形)asLingling . finish doing 做完某事 write tosb.写信给某人 write back回信

so…that…太…以至于 too…to…太…而不能 enough to足够...而能做某事 通常来说，这三种句型可用于同义句转换，具体如下： too...to...=not 反义词 enough to =so...that否定句 例：He is too young to go toschool. = He is not old enoughto go to school. = He is so young that he can't go toschool.

must与have to都有\"必须、应该\"的意思。但二者有区别： must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须，have to则侧重客观上的必须，可译为\"不得不\"。must与have to经常可以互换使用。Imust/have to go to schoolnow.现在我必须上学了。 We must help eachother. Mysister is ill, my mother has to look after her. 注意must表示推断或猜测: Yoursister must be a doctor in thishospital.（一定）你姐姐一定是这家医院的医生。 否定 don't have to＝haven’tto 表示\"不必\" mustn't 表示\"禁止\"

be afraid todo害怕做某事 be afraid of sth.害怕某样东西

prefer 1 prefer to do/doing喜欢做 2 prefer A to B比起B更喜欢A 3 prefer doingA to doing B比起做B更喜欢做A 4prefer to do A rather than B比起做B更喜欢做A

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module4

第四模块

现在完成时：从过去持续到现在。 since (时间点) for (时间段) I havestayed in the hotel for aweek. I havestayed in the hotel since lastMonday. 并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.上年夏天我在这个旅馆呆了一个星期。 I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.下个月我要在这旅馆呆一个星期。

瞬间动词（点动词）与延续性动词 瞬间动词（点动词）表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。 He has died for three years. 可改为：He has been dead for threeyears. 将终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词举例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have,begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over,join→be in/be a member of, catch a cold→have acold。小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中

的误使。1) (对)Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to studyRussian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2) (错) Harryhas got married for six years. = Harry began to get married sixyears ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harrygot married six years ago.

How soon 多久后（将来时） How long多长 How often多长时间一次 —How soon will you go to school? —Tenminuteslater. 你多久后要去上学啦?十分钟后. How long is the rope? —About five miles. 这条绳索多长? 大概5米. Howlong is the you holiday? —Two months.你有多长的假期?两个月. How often do yougo to swim? —Once a week.你多长时间去游一次泳呢?一个星期去一次.

teach sb. sth. 教某要某事 Mr. Liuteaches us English.

head teacher校长 hearabout/of 听到，听说 drop out of school 退学

get on (well) with 与…相处（融洽） Hegets on well with his new classmates.他和他的新同学们相处得很好

take partin与join takepart in是参加规模较小的团体，活动。I took part in a party lastnight.昨天晚上我参加了一个派对。join也是参加，可是参加大是比较正式，大型的团体，活动。 I joined the Partylast year.我去年参加了一个党派。

付钱pay，cost，spend I paid three dollars for a hamburger. 我花了三美圆去买个汉堡 The hamburgercost me three dollars .这个汉堡花了我三美元 I spent threedollars on ahamburger我花了三美圆买了个汉堡

maybe相当于perhaps,放句首。probably副词 Maybe she’ll come this afternoon. ＝Perhaps she’ll come thisafternoon.她可能今天下午来。 It will probably be finetomorrow．明天大概会是晴天。 maybe和may be可相互转换。 He may be inthe office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。

luck幸运（名）lucky幸运的（形）luckily幸运地（副） I had a lot of luck in that exam. you are so lucky to pass theexam！ Luckily，I got to the station in time.

health健康（名词）healthy健康的（形）Smoking is not good for yourhealth.吸烟对你的健康没有好处。 I likeeating heathy food .我喜欢吃健康的食物。

到达reach，arrive（小地方at，大地方in），get to 注意：与here there home abroad 搭配的时候不能加介词，如gethome. When did youarrive?你什么时候到达的？ have some concerts =do some concerts举行演唱会 in fact 事实上 Speaking Chinese is very difficult .说汉语是非常困难的。（动名词作主语）

He is an eight-year-old boy.他是一个8岁的男孩。 He is eight years old .＝Heis a boy of eight years old. 他8岁。

stop doing与 stop to do When Mr.He came in clssroom , everyone stopped talking.当何老师走进教室，每个人停止了谈论。 When you are tired , you muststop to have a rest. 当你疲

倦时，你必须停下来休息。

with the help of 在…的帮助下。 Wefinished the work with the help of theteacher.我们在老师的帮助下完成了这个工作。

一些 a few （可数） alittle(不可数) without 没有（后接名词）

因为，由于because 与because of Shedoesn't go to school because she is ill.＝She doesn’t go to schoolbecause of ill.她因为生病没有上学。

high school 高中 primary school小学 get aneducation接受教育 in the last 14 years在过去的15年中 wear穿着，戴着（put on 穿上）

Project Hope希望工程 same同样的 We are in the same class.我们在同一个班级。We do the same work as they（do）． 我们和他们干同样的活。

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module5

第五模块

反意疑问句：陈述句后加上一个简短问句。 She often has lunch at school,

doesn’tshe? Youdon’t like sports, doyou? You can’t do it, canyou? They are very late for the meeting, aren’tthey? They have known the matter, haven’tthey?

要注意的一些句子：It is impossible to learn English, isn’tit? She never tells a lie, does she? （这样的词语还有little, few, never,hardly, seldom，no, nothing, nobody） I'm as tallas your sister，aren'tI? Everything is ready, isn't it? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us wait for you inthe reading-room, will you? Close the window, please, will

you? There will not be any trouble, willthere? —Mr Smith isn’t American, is he ? —yes, he is.(不，他是美国人) No, he isn’t.(对，他不是美国人)。

traditional 传统的(形) traditona传统（名） on earth究竟,在世界上 on the earth 在地球上 inthe earth在地下

die死，去世（动） dead 死亡的（形） His mather died in1985. His mather has benn dead for 10 years.

maybe = perhaps 可能,也许 与maybe Maybe Sally is hersister. Sally may be hersister. western music / pop music/classical music/modernmusic 西方的音乐/流行音乐/古典音 乐/现代音乐 who’s it by? 它是由谁（写）的？

I’m not sure.我不确定 be born （in /on）出生 the capital city ofAustria奥地利首都 also too either也 neither两者都不 I'm also astudent. I'ma student too. I'm not astudent either. 一般用neither很少。 Neither Ronald nor Sammy is astudent. music音乐 musician音乐家

make sb.+adj. 让某人… His waltzesmade him famous all over Europe.

succeed动词 successful形容词success名词 Ourplan hassucceeded. He will be successful with the help of us. It’s a great success tofinish the work .

not only …but also不但......而且...... 要遵循―就近一致原则‖，Not only thestudents but also

the teacher was invited.

a beautiful old city一个美丽的古城 take sb. around…带着某人周游…

give concerts 开音乐会 at the age of…在。。。岁时 a pieceof music / pieces of music play the piano弹钢琴 in additionto (besides) 除…之外

(be)famous for以什么著名 a part-time job 一份兼职工作 onholiday 度假 decide to do sth. 决定做 the restof 其余的… have a rest 休息一下

go on sth. / go on doing / go on todo继续 after dinner, he went on to learnEnglish.做完家庭作业，他继续学英语 afterresting for a few minutes, he went on doing hishomework.几分钟后，他继续做家庭作业

one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 one ofthe most popular singers

Vienna is a beautiful old city on the riverDunube.维也纳是在多瑙河边的一个美丽的老城市。 a large group of一大群… belong to… 属于

live 居住 lively 活泼的 lovely 可爱的at the age of 在…岁的时候 of course 当然

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module6

Module 6

过去进行时 What were you doing thistime yesterday? What were youdoing during the winterholidays? I was playingfootball between 5 and 7 last Saturday. He wasdoing his homework when someon knocked the door.

How is it going?近来怎么样？ Isee! 我明白 letme guess… 让我猜猜 by the river 在河边by=beside sitin a tree 坐在树上 on the tree(长)在树上 smile at sb. 朝。。。笑 look at看 fall down 摔倒 / fall off 摔下来 by mistake 不小心 get tired / betired 疲倦的

have nothing to do没有做什么=don’t doanything have no =don’t have没有

nothing 不定代词（something everything anything somebody等）注意用法 There is nothing in the room. Nothing special happenedyesterday． there is nothing = there isn’t anything 没有什么东西 She didn’t think it was strange 她认为没有什么奇怪的。 see sb. do / doing看见某人做/正在做某事 hear sb.do /doing across the field 穿过田野 (through theforest穿过森林) get out出去 grow up长大 have a picnic野餐 gooff 熄灭

not…until 直到…才… She didn’t goto bed until her mother went home .她直到妈妈回家才上床睡觉。

start doing / start to do开始做。。。 jumpout of bed 跳下床

play with a ball玩球 at about 7o’clock last night昨晚大约7点

on my way to school 在我去学校的路上 on one’s wayhome 在某人回家的路上 this time last year 去年的这个时候 from …to…从…到…

jump up跳起来 look up 查阅；向上看 walk along thebeach 沿着海岸散步

Suddenly a rabbit passed her . 突然，一只兔子从她身边经过。（动词）= Suddenly arabbit ran by her .(介词)

called Alice 叫做爱丽丝 Do you know the girl calledAlice ? think of 基本等于think abou 思考，考虑，认为，想 happen to sb.某人发生了什么事 duringthe day 一整天

while when 当…的时候 When the teacher came in, wewere talking. While wewere talking, the teacher camein. They were singing while we were dancing.

across (介) 与 cross（动） go acrossa river 穿一条河 cross the street 穿过街道 Every boy and girl likes ice cream. 每个男孩和女孩都喜欢冰淇淋。（用单数） tired 感到劳累的，疲倦的（人） tiring令人劳累的，疲倦的（物） once or twice 一两次，偶而

under 在…下面(垂直方向) below在…下面(不强调垂直) (相对应 在…上面 overabove 还有一个接触的on)

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module7

Module 7

语法：表感和知觉的系动词 look smell taste soundfeel lookpretty 看上去漂亮tastesalty 尝起来咸 feeltight 感觉有些紧 smellsour 闻上去酸 sound noisy 听上去吵闹 so much food 这么多食物 so many(可数) so 这么；因此

get the foodready（for）(为)…把食物准备好 can’t waitto do sth.迫不及待地做某事 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 shakehands 握手 be proud of 为…自豪 have a party 开聚会 the firsttime 第一次 family member 家庭成员

have a try 试一试 try to do sth.努力做某事 try dong sth.尝试做某事 introduce sb. tosb.把某人介绍给 getangry with sb. 对某人生气

be afraid恐怕 be afraid of sth./sb./doing sth 害怕某事/某人/做某事. beafraid to do sth .害怕做某事

be excited about doingsth.做某事感到兴奋 do somethingwrong 做错事 ride abicycle 骑自行车 wouldlike to do sth. 想要做某事 makecookies 做小甜饼

What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了？ what’s wrong with you ?

What’ she like? 她为人怎样？(性格)What does she looklike? 她长的怎样？（外表）

quiet 安静的 quick 迅速的 quite十分，相当 pretty 漂亮；十分，相当 both 两者都（复数） all(三个及以上)都 neither两者都不

must 必须；一定 一般疑问句must I do my homework now? Yes, you must . No, you don’t have to . (No, youneendn’t .)

a bit 有点儿，稍微 与a little , a great deal , a lot, much 可放在比较级前 I am a bit taller than Lingling. 还可以放在不可数名词前 There is a bit of food in thebridge . 注：I’m not a bit tired . 我一点也不累。 I’m not a little tired.我非常（不是一点儿）累。 have gone home 已经回家了（路上或到家）

too strong （味道）太浓了 I’m a teacher , too.我也是一个老师。 strong 强壮的，强大的 much better 好多了 You seem much better .你好象好多了。 have a look看一看 see youlater 一会见

wear glasses 戴眼镜 wear 穿着，戴着 put on 穿上 glass玻璃（不可），杯子（可） as well也 也 I enjoy sports aswell .

work hard 努力学习（工作） hard努力地,辛苦地,艰难地,猛烈地/坚硬的，困难的 get bad marks 得到糟糕的分数（成绩不好） at first 开始 leave for a few days离开几天 travel a lot 经常旅行

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module8

Module 8

语法：问路Where is thepark? How can I get to thepark? Can you tell me the way to thepark? Is there a park nearhere? Do you know the way to the park?

表方位的介词 at , in , on , under ,behind , in front of , near , on the left/right , on the corner of, next to , opposite

around town 环城（旅行） sit around table围着桌子坐 around nine 大约9点 go（walk）along 沿着---走 turnleft/ right ---向左/右转 on/at the corner of (在)拐角处[外] in the corner of [内] between---and--- 在----和----之间 on the left of---在---的左边

opposite the market 在市场的对面 byboat 乘船take the boat乘船 on aboat on a clear day 在晴朗的日子里 the way to-----的路

the best way to do sth.(做某事)最好的方法 get off 下（车，船） go past 走过 go for awalk 散步＝have a walk

buy things you need 买你需要的东西 go swimming 去游泳

get something to eat 买些吃的东西 be fullof 装满了---=be filled with most of 大多数 swimmingpool 游泳池 overthere 在那里 go straight ahead一直向前走 do someshopping 购物

in the middle of 在…中间 as 当…的时候(相当于when ) As you go along the river , you can

see the the LondonEye. as 作为 Hecame to China as a tourist five years ago. welcome to欢迎来到… ―在…上‖与―在…下‖：over – under , above –below , on

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module9

Module 9

语法：动词不定式 to +动词原型 应注意的句子：1.It’s sad to think about those animals in danger.这是一个it’s+adj.+to do sth.的结构。也可以说成To think about those animals in danger issad. 2.The surprising thing was to how many animals indanger. 3.Our government isworking hard to save pandas . 也可以说成To save pandasour government is working hard. 4.I have nothingto eat . 5. Try not totranslate every word . 6. How to learnEnglish?

动词不定式省to 的情况：一感二听三让五看半帮助 feel / hear, listento/ let , make , have / watch, look at , see, notice , observe/help 例：I heard someone come in. We help him (to) learnEnglish. (注：在被动结构中，都必须带to) 注意下面这句话，不要死记 Let’s go to the supermarket to buy something .

濒危动物animals indanger =endangered animals 没有喝水withoutdrinking 了解learnabout… 干某事很悲伤It’s sad to do sth

为了…而杀死kill…for… 没有地方住no places to live in(注意in不能去掉)

没有足够吃的食物no enough food to eat这水对饮用不好The water isn’t good todrink 带走它take itaway 决定不做某事: decide not to do 变得很严峻: become veryserious 以…为生: live on… 照顾look after (them, her…) =take care of =carfor

越来越少 less and less ―比较级+比较级‖ ―the 比较级…the比较级…‖越…越…The harder he worked, the more he got.他工作越努力,得到的就越多。

最著名的科学家: the best-knownscientist …标志（象征） the symbol of…

例如: for example(逗) / suchas…（无逗） Elephants and whalesare examples of animals indanger. situation情况（可数）

as well当―也‖讲，相当于―too‖或―also‖ as well as 是―以及‖的意思，类似与―and‖ aswell放在句尾 as well as放在句中 He is a worker，and a teacher aswell． He can speak Spanish aswell as English．

干某事的一个计划: a plan to do sth… 设计海报 design a poster 保持地球的干净: keep the Earthclean 砍伐森林: cut down theforests 污染河流: pollute the rivers 在野外in thewild 把它变脏:make it dirty 找出它: find it out 和平地生存：live in peace. 自然保护区:nature reserve 最后: atlast 需要更好地保护它们: need to protect them better 最濒危的动物之一one of the animals most in danger 出生beborn

由于许多不同的原因：for many different reasons reasonfor (doing)sth.做某事的原因 reason 解释做某事的原因 cause 导致某事发生的原因 制定计划: make a plan

protect animals 保护动物 have no =don’t have 没有 old enough 足够大

surprise吃惊（名）surprised感到吃惊(形)surprising令人吃惊（形） To my surprise , my father was not surprised at the surprisingnews.

southeast 东南方southwest西南方northeast东北方northwest西北方

There are about 1,000 pandas living in nuture reservs .注意:living 不能改为live. 如：There is a man lying under the tree.

a few, a little 一些 few , little一些（几乎没有了）

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module10

Module 10

双宾语 ―动词+人+物‖也可以是―动词+物+to /for+人‖ 常见动词give bringlend show leave teach sendtell buy cookread 注意后三个是带for的

offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 offersth to sb=offer sb. sth 提供某人某物

watch a performance of 看---的演出 the center of the neighbourhood 居住地的中心 the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争 send sb. to some place 送/派某人去某地 the Teacher’s School 师范学校 be named=becalled 被命名(叫做)为 people’sartist 人民的艺术家 great Master of Language 语言大师 folkmusic 民歌 magicshows 魔术表演

enjoysth. 从某事得到乐趣 the twentiethcentury 二十世纪

give a wonderful welcome 热烈欢迎 takeplace发生=happen 如 The story tookplace in a teahouse .= It happened in a teahouse . 但二者有些差别happen指偶然发生take place 指非偶然发生的

make them study hard 使他们努力学习 fallin love with sb. 与某人相爱 marry sb. 娶了/嫁给某人 get/be married(to) 结婚more than不止,超过 the samedream 相同的梦想 somebodyelse 别的人 a well-known poet 著名的诗人 finish doingsth 结束做某事 make a decision 做出决定

interest兴趣（名）；引起兴趣、注意（动） interesting有趣的(形) interested感兴趣的（形）I have no interest inthat book. Mr. He interests his students’ interest. He is an interestingboy. Tom wasinterested in history

agree with sb.同意某人观点 nexttime下次( last time上次)

would like to do ?愿意做… (回答) Yes , I would . (I’dlike to .) No, thanks .

between… and …在…之间 (during在整个…期间)

lose失去(名，过去式过去分词lost) lost失去的(形) He lost his wayto home. (动)

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module11

Module 11

at Spring Festival 在春节 at themoment ＝now 现在

depend on sth. 取决于/依靠 findout 找出，查明 choose carefully 仔细挑选 the places to see 要看的地方 thetime to go 去的时间 inwinter 在冬天 change colour 改变颜色 in thenorthwest 在西北 freezing cold 非常冷 from time to time 时常 for a longtime 长时间

allmost 几乎，差不多（同nearly，但差别更小） No idea!不知道 be full of =be filled with 装满，充满 The box is fullof /filled with gold.

You must be joking ! 你一定在开玩笑！We’re off to Hong Kong.我们将去。 best of all 所有…中最好的 make sure +从句 Make sure youbring an umbrella.

What’s the weather like ? = How’s the weather? 天气如何？ What will theweather be like ? 天气将怎么样？

something warm to wear 一些穿着暖和的东西 travel around到处游览

get cool/ warm 变冷/暖和 take photos of the autumnleaves给秋天的的树叶照相 all year = all year round 整年 all day 整天 all night 整夜

compared to /with 与…作比较 any time you like你喜欢的任何时间

cloud-cloudy云-多云的 wind-windy风-多风的 snow-snowy雪-下雪的storm-stormy暴风雨-暴风雨的 rain-rainy雨-下雨的 shower-showery阵雨-阵雨的 要注意前面的名词都还有动词的用法 It will be rany tomorrow.(形)There is a lot of rain in spring. (名) It oftenrains in Britain .(动) It’s raining hard .(动)

better get going=had better go. 最好做某事 Youhad better remember about 20 words every day. 后面用动词原形

temperature 温度 What’s the temperaturetoday? (问人口 What’s the population ofChina? 问价格 What’s the price of the book ?)

表可能的一些词 情态动词may/might can must(might虽然是may的过去式，但经常和may一样使用，二者差别不大) 例句： It may/might be warm in February. (不要和maybe 搞混了 maybe是副词，一般在句首) She can not be at home. 她不可能在家. （注意：She may not be at home.她可能不在家） （还要注意：may与 can都有表示请求的意思May/Can I useyour book? ） The girl must beTony’s sister.这个女孩一定是托尼的姐姐。 其他一些形容词和副词 It is possible that it’ll be snowy.有可能要下雪 It’ll probably be cold andwet.天气可能又湿又冷。（很可能） 加外还有maybe perhaps

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲 Module12

Module12

traditional传统的（形）tradition传统(名，可)＝custom（可） customer顾客

accept a present 接受礼物 He recceived a gift ,but hedidn’t accept.他收到一个礼物，但他不接受。

wrap hongbao in red paper 用红纸包红包 unwrop打开，解开

do some cleaning 打扫卫生 on the firstday 在第一天 break something打破东西 get a move on 快点 bothhands 双手

cut one’s hair 理发 on the pavement 在人行道

droplitter扔垃圾 fall也有落的意思 The glassdropped/fell on the ground .杯子掉在地上。 但fall是不及物动词，只能说drop litter，不可以说fall litter 垃圾litter(不可) look up 查询，查找

clean up bedroom 打扫卧室 washup 洗餐具 something toeat 吃的东西

open打开（动）；打开的（形） Please open the window. Thewindow is open. (close关 closed关着的)

be different from 与…不同 be laterfor …迟到 You musn’t be later for school. a pair of trousers 一条裤子 makemoney 挣钱 take out 拿出 waste bin垃圾箱 put the fire on 升火 keep doing连续不断地做

Here she comes!她来了！ Here there 放句首要使用倒装顺序 Herecomes the bus !公共汽车来了！（注意 代词和名词的倒装不一样）

Hang on! 等等 You can’t be serious ! 不会吧？ immediately=at once =rightaway立刻 so many (much)这么多 shake hands握手 the first time第一次 in/at first 首先 not just … but…不仅是…而且是 Afternoo tea is not just a drink but a light meal. on time按时 （in time 及时） over越过 (注意与across through cross区别) noise(噪音) voice (嗓音)sound(声音) leave school毕业 after school放学 throw丢，扔 He threw a stone at me, and I threw it to the dog .

catch的意思较多 catch a ball接球 catch the fish 抓鱼 catch abus 赶上车 catch a cold 得感冒

must与can Youmust listen to your teacher carefully.(必须) Youmustn’t break anything . It’s bad luck!(不准，禁止) Youcan’t ride your bicycle on the pavement.(不可以) (注意；以前我们学过can表示―能，会‖的意思) 注意：Must I finish myhomework now ? Yes , you must . / No, you needn’t ./you don’t haveto .

although 虽然，尽管(注：不能与but 连用) Although the car isold , it still runs well. greet 问候（动）greeting 问候（名）

Module 1 Hobbies * 词组：1.Tidy up 收拾,整理 2.take up占用（时间空间）

21. * not only… but also 不仅…而且 用来连接

两个主语时,注意就近原则

Not only Da Ming but also his parents are fond of 3.be interested in 对…感兴趣

watching football matches.

(interesting 有趣的) Not only you but also he is tired of having one examination after another. 4.as well as 并且,还

I like playing football as well as playing basketball. 22. * spend +时间/金钱 +on sth. / (in) doing

5.such as 比如

6 as a result 结果.

7. come out 出版；开花；出来; 大白 8. give an interview 接受采访，做访谈

9. in the future 在未来（一般将来时）

10. make sure 确保

11. grow vegetables种蔬菜

12. be good at sth./doing sth.

13. a collection of …的收集品 collect stamps集邮

14. at the end of… at the beginning of… 15. develop interests 发展兴趣 16. useful skills 有用的技能 17. play the violin 乐器加the 18. all the time 总是，一直 19. at least 至少

20. be popular with 受…欢迎

Football is popular with boys. 足球受男孩子的欢迎. Module 2 Friendship 词组：1. right now 现在 2. whether …or not 3. hold the line （不挂断电话）等一下 4. turn back 转身 5. as usual 和往常一样 6.close friends 亲密的朋友 7. personal questions私人问题 8. early autumn 早秋

9. several months later 几个月以后 10.worry about 担心 11.at middle school 在初中 12.smile at sb.朝某人微笑

13.change one’s life 改变某人的生活

14.at first 开始 15.join a club 参加俱乐部 16. day by day 一天天地

17. in different countries 在不同的国家 18. feel like 觉得

sth. eg. I spent all our time on our favourate hobby. I

spend the whole night (in) learning English.

Their hobbies are drawing and painting. = In their

free time, they like to draw and paint. 23. * Succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事

success n. successful adj.

24. * Make为使役动词, 后接形容词和动词原形做

宾语补足语

Eg. Rainy days make me sad.

Loud music makes me want to dance. 25. * It is +adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是…的

It’s important for you to remember this.

It is +adj. + of sb. to do sth. 形容词修饰人的性格 如：It’s kind of you to tell me the truth. 26. Try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事

27. Ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事

28. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事

19. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 20. by the way 顺便说一下

21.like making friends (with) 喜欢交朋友 22.take a message 捎口信 23.a public concert 公开音乐会

24.good luck with the concert 预祝音乐会成功 25. remember doing sth./ to do sth.记得做了/去做某事

26.as a result结果

27. be afraid of sth./ to do sth. 害怕（去做）某事 28. stamp collectors集邮爱好者 29.a couple of 几个， 两个 30.take place 发生 （happen） 31. lonely寂寞的 /alone 独自一人 32.far away （from）

33. watch,指仔细观看，看电视、球赛等 see 指看望某人，看电影，看医生等

34.______(laugh) at others is impolite. 取笑他人是不礼貌的 35. all over the world 全世界 Find sth. +adj. The foreigners find China very different from their own country. Find+ it +adj. +to do sth. I found it difficult to finish the work on time. It为形式宾语 Find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 I found them playing games on the playground. People from all over the world make friends by writing letters. By通过…方式 语法点：宾语从句 注意点： 1. 有“…or not”或 “or+供选择的内容”时，只能用whether 2. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序 3.客观真理用一般现在时 4．注意时态 Module 3 On the radio 词组： 1.Look out (for)小心/ look for 寻找/look like 看起来像 2.Don’t mention it. 不客气

3.prepare (for) 准备 4.ask for 要/请求… 5.look down 向下看 look down on sb. 看不起某人6.once a week 一周一次

7.turn on 打开（电视,灯，收音机等） turn off 关闭 turn up 调大（音量） 8. take sb. around 带某人四处参观 9.get lost 迷路

10.score two goals 进两个球 11.in person亲自

12.learn about 听说 learn from向…学习 13.at the age of 在…岁时 14.at that moment 在那个时候 15. go for a picnic 去野餐 16.the score of …的比分 语法点：* to+ v. 与 v.-ing To+v. want； would like； hope； wish； plan； need； decide v +-ing enjoy； finish； practice； keep； give up； mind 注意都可以接的 begin; start; continue 意义相同 Hear; notice; see…do/doing 意义不同

Stop；forget; remember; try + to do/doing 意义不同 * 表示建议和警告

1、Shall we…?我们…好吗？ 2、Let’s ….让我们… 3、What /how about doing…?怎么样？ 4. Be quiet, please.

5、Why don’t you/we..=why not…?为什么不？ 6. Please keep doing… 7 Remember to …and stop talking! 8、Would you like….?你愿意..吗?回答时用I’d like/love to . sorry ,but ….

对于建议肯定回答:good idea./OK/Sure/ All right./Why not?/Great/Yes, I’d love to 对于建议否定回答：I’m sorry ,I’m afaid …/I’d love to ,but …..

17.stop doing sth. 停止做某事

18. explain sth. (to sb.)（向某人）解释某事 19. close down 停播

20. win the first prize 获得第一名 21. find out查明

22. prepare for a test准备考试 23. thank you for …因为…感谢你 24. decide to do sth.决定做某事 25. Me, too. 我也是

26. It seems/ seemed that…好像,看样子 It seems that he is lying. 看样子他在撒谎. 27. in front of 在…前面

(in the front of 强调在内部的前面) 28. need to do 需要做

… need doing 需要被做某事（被动含义） 29. The flowers need watering. 这些花需要浇水.

Module 4 New technology 词组：1.lend sb. sth.借给某人某物； 2.play back播放; 3.wait for等待;

4.connect…to/with 连接; 5.turn on打开（电器）; 6.take photos拍照;

7.pick up sth.拿起某物 (如果有代词的话则放在中间 pick it up);

8.bite sb. on the hand咬某人的手; 9.keep cool保持冷静;

10.show pictures to the doctor展示照片给医生看; 11.the best result最好的结果; 12. get the news得到消息;

13. follow these instructions 遵照这些说明； 14.find out 查明；

语法点：if 引导的条件状语从句 “如果，假如” Module 5 Problems 词组：1.Refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事; 2. choose the best 选择最好的; 3. the last practice最后的练习;

4. warn sb. of /about sth.提醒/警告某人注意某事； warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事; 5. punish sb. 惩罚某人; 6. go wrong 出错; 7. feel bad 感觉不好; 8. be angry with 对某人生气 9. all together一起；

10. keep my best friend留住我最好的朋友； 11. tell sb. the truth 告诉某人; 12. make quite sure确保；

13. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事； 14. after all 毕竟；

15. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人； 16. personal problems 私人问题； 17. at the end of 在…尽头，在…结束时 18. so vs. such; 19. take off 起飞，脱下，拿走；

20. steal sth. from sb./someplace从某人/某地偷走东西；

21. alone 形容词和副词/lonely形容词； 22. be proud of 为…感到自豪/骄傲， 23. make a mistake/make mistakes 犯错误； 24. at least至少 at most 至多；

25. 注意enough的位置 名词之前,形容词之后 enough food / careful enough; 26. instead of 取代；

27. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事15.save your life 挽救你的生命； 16.a few days ago 几天前； 17. climb out of 从…里爬出来； 18. hold on to 坚持； 19. on holiday 在度假；

20. send personal postcard 发送私人贺卡 21. across/ over/ through;

22. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事； 23. get/be ready to (do) sth. 准备(做)某事=get/be ready for sth.;

24. have to 不得不；

25. do with 处置，对待 What will you do with this photo? 你会怎么处理这张照片？ 26. Wherever无论什么地方

交际用语：What a pity! / What a shame! / I’m sorry to hear that. / Take it easy. / I feel sorry for… / I hope it is nothing serious. / Is there anything I can do for you?/ Rather you than me! 你行，我可不行！（would rather…than 宁愿…而不愿）

语法点：If 引导的条件状语从句（二）

If…+现在时动词…, 主语+ will/ should/shall/ can/ may +动词原形 ** 主将从现** If you ask him, he will help you. Module 6 Entertainment 词组：1.talk about谈论； 3.face to face面对面; 2.some close friends一些亲密的朋友;

4.come out发行，出版;

5.advise sb. to do sth.建议某人去做某事; 6.be proud of为…感到骄傲; 7.plenty of许多;

8.have a great time 玩得开心; 9.go to the concert 去音乐会; 10.search for 寻找; 11. look after 照看； 12.sail around 绕着…航行； 13.in one’s opinion 在某人看来； 14.except for 除…之外,

15.be worried about 担心；

16. fight with /against sb./ sth. 与…打架 ； 17. too much 太多（修饰名词）too much water 太多水

much too (修饰形容词和副词) much too heavy 太重了；

18.show sb. sth=show sth. to sb. 给…看 show me your ticket, please. 请出示车票。 show sb around 带某人四处转转

句型：What do you think of this movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样？ She knows that she’s among friends. 她知道她在朋友之中 What kind of programme is it? 它是什么种类的节目？ all kinds of 各种各样的 语法点：直接引语和间接引语

注意几点变化—— 1. 人称变化 2. 时态变化 3. 其他变化 （详见课本） 做这类题时， 可先还原到汉语， 再根据汉语写 Module 7 Time off 词组：1.enjoy oneself; 2.be famous for…因为…而著名 be famous as…作为…而著名; 3.as if 好像;

4.wake sb. up叫醒某人; 5. hope to do sth.希望做某事; 6.leave sb. alone把某人单独留下; 7.put…away把…收起来;

8.have seven days off休息七天； 9.go back into回到…里面； 10.protect…from…保护…免受…; 11.be popular with受…的欢迎; 12.national park国家公园；

13.the second largest fresh water lake 第二大淡水湖( the +序数词+最高级+单数名词 表示“第几最”)； 14.in the north of 在…的北部（east west south north）; 15.cross=go across;

16. whole注意位置,直接放在名词前 the whole world

all 则放在修饰词的前面, all these people all the class;

17. the rest of+名词 剩余部分，其余的； 18. one of … …之一 做主语时，注意要用第三人称单数 One of the students is from Japan.； 19. wish sb. to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事； 20. on a clear day 在晴朗的一天

21. welcome sb. to someplace 欢迎某人来某地；

句子： I can hardly hear the traffic in the streets and no one is shouting. 我几乎听不到街上的车辆声，也没有人在大声喊叫。 Hardly 副词，“几乎不，几乎没有” no one/ nobody/ everyone/ everybody 都为第三人称单数

语法点：直接引语间接引语（二）

*If/whether “是否‖ 有or时， 只能用whether

She asked, ―Is this book yours or his?‖ She asked whether this book was mine or his. *祈使句的间接引语 用“动词+宾语+不定式” 即asked/ told/ ordered/ warned sb. (not ) to do sth. The teacher said to him, ―Don’t waste your time.‖ The teacher told him not to waste their time. * 特殊情况: 1. 客观真理，习语等， 变间接引语事时态不变

The teacher said, ―The earth goes around the sun.‖ The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.

2. 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况依然存在的，则变间接引语时时态保持不变， 一般有usually等标志词

The boy said to us, ―I usually get up at six every morning.‖ The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.

3. 直接引语中有明确表示过去的时间状语， 过去时态不变

He said to me, ―I was born in 1978.‖ He told me he was born in 1978. Module 8 Public holidays 词组：1.public holidays公共假日; 12. New Year’s Eve 除夕； 2.on vacation 度假; 3.as soon as 一…就…; 4.make a plan制订计划; 5.in the same way用相同的方式; 6.in different ways用不同的方式;

7.have a good time doing sth.做某事很开心; 8.promise sb. to do sth.向某人承诺做某事; 9.say goodbye to sth.向…道别; 10.depend on依靠，取决于; 11. not…until 直到…才；

13. count down 倒计时； 14. all over 到处; 15. not all… 不是所有的（部分否定） none of （全部否定），

16. celebrate their New Year 庆祝他们的新年； 17. plan to do 计划做某事= plan for sth. ; 18. be close to 与…接近 closed 关着的 open 开着的；

19. shout loudly 大声喊叫 shout at/to sb.; 20.color the hair 染发

句型： It’s time to do sth. 该到做某事的时候了 It’s time to play the piano. 该弹钢琴了。 Be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 He is busy cooking. 他忙着做饭 be busy with sth. 忙于某事 He is busy with his homework. 语法点：状语从句（一）

时间状语从句 when, while, before/after, as soon as, (not）…until/till, since 时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态， 而用现在时表将来 （主将从现）

例如：I’ll call you as soon as I get to New York. / I will tell him the truth when he comes back. Module 9 Heroes 词组： 12. stop sb. (from ) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事； 1. imagine doing sth.想象做某事; 2. avoid doing sth.避免做某事;

3. continue doing/to do sth.继续做某事; 4. take care of 照顾;

5. perform an operation (on sb).; (给某人)做手术 6.in spite of 尽管,不顾； 7. all one’s life一生，终生; 8.on one’s own，单独；

9.look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事； 10. give one’s life to sth./ doing sth. 献身于（做）某事； 11. without doing …没做什么事；

句型： He worked very hard without stopping to rest. 他没有停下来休息， 很努力地工作。 语法点：状语从句（二）

*原因状语从句： because，for，as 选项中没有because时，用for或as

*目的状语从句： so that； in order that 从句中常出现情态动词 can，could, would等 *结果状语从句：so

做题时看清句意，根据句意选择 Module 10 My perfect holiday 词组： 1.go with sb.; 和某人一起去

13.even though既使；

14.in order to do sth.为了做某事； 15.train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事； 16. both 的位置

1.应放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前 My parents are both doctors. 2.也可放在名词前作定语

Both (of）my parents work in hospital.

2.take the train to; 坐火车去某地

3.be afraid of…; 害怕… 4.stay in touch; 保持联系 5.forget to do sth./ doing sth.; 忘记去做/忘记做过 6.learn to do sth.学习做某事; 7. life skills 生活技能; 8. depend on依赖，依靠; 9. go on holidays 去度假; 10. to some extent 从某种程度上; 11. flight number航班号；

12. would like to do sth. 想要做某事； 13. have a fantastic time玩的开心； 14. some film stars一些电影明星； 15. fill… with…用…把…装满；

16. dress oneself properly恰当地穿衣打扮； 17.board 登机；

18. on business 出差/ in business 经商； none of one’s business 与某人无关； 19. so am I 与so I am； 20. How long…？多久；

21. 形容词要放在不定代词的后面 如something important;

22. 只要出现than 就用比较级 It’s cheaper than going by train.

句型：谈论假期的打算和计划

I’d like to go to New York on my vacation. Have a good time! Stay in touch！ I hope you have a good trip! 语法点：would 与状语从句

* Would+动词原形 想象自己在未来可能会做什么 I would go to the mountains on my vacation.

* so…that vs. such …that 表程度的结果状语从句

* 让步状语从句 although / though although 只能用于句首 注意的是不能与but连用，切记 另外：

主格 I you he she we you they it 宾格 me you him her us you them it 形容词性物主代词 my your his her our your their its 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers ours yours theirs its 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself ourselves yourselves themselves itself

*注意大小写，只有在句首，专有名词，国家国籍，月份，星期开头才大写（主格I 始终大写），不要随意大写

*再次强调 一般现在时句子中，主语为第三人称单数形式，动词要加s

*动词不定式to，情态动词must, will, would, can, could, may, might后接动词原形 * 作文一定尽量少出现语法错误

* 有时间的话，注意检查，避免不必要的错误出现，如拼写错误，时态不一致， 看错句意，写错选项等等。

初中英语常用动词习惯用法72例

1. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式)

My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework. 2. asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事) My father asked me to study hard. He asked me not to swim alone.

be asked to do sth. 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday. 3. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 She is afraid to ask me questions. 4. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 I am afraid of going out at night. 5. be afraid of sth. 害怕某物 He is afraid of snakes.

6. be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶

He was amazed to meet the girl there. be amazed at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 they were amazed at the news.

7. be busy doing/with sth. 忙于做某事 (常考)

e.g: I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。 I am busy with my work.

8. be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来) the bus is coming/the dog is dying. 9. be excited to do sth. 对做……感到兴奋 Jacky was excited to travel there by plane. be excited at sth.

Lily was excited at his words. be excited about doing sth.

he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books. 10. be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事 Sam is frightened to ride a horse.

11. be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事

she is happy to clean the blackboard with me. be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事

she was pleased to help the old man yesterday. be pleased with sth. 对某事感到高兴/满意 the teacher was pleased with my answer.

12. be interested in sth./doing sth. 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣 she is interested in swimming in the river. My brother is interested in Chinese. 13. be/get ready for/to do sth.

Be ready for sth. 为某事做好了准备 We are ready for the exam.

Be ready to do sth. 为做某事做好了准备

We are ready to have a birthday party for her. get ready for sth.为某事在做准备 We are getting ready for the exam. get ready for sth. 为做某事而做准备 13. be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 14. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇

15. be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 (worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考) 16. begin to do sth.

begin/start to do/doing sth.

17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth. 有能力购买(供)…… 18. can/may/must do sth. could/would/should/might do sth. 19. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事 20. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事

make up one’s mind to do sth. 下决心去做某事 (常考) make a decision to do sth. 对做某事作出决定 21. deserve to do sth. 值得/应该做……

22. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人去做某事 23. enjoy doing sth. 乐意去做某事

24. expect (sb.) to do sth. 期望去做某事 25. fail to do sth. 做某事失败 succeed doing sth. 成功做了某事

26. finish doing sth. 做完某事(后接动词-ing形式) (常考) 27. follow sb to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事

be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊奇

28. get sb. to do sth. make sb. do sth. let sb. do sth.

29. get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会 30. give/pass/show/lend/sell sb. sth./ sth. to sb. buy/get/bring sb. sth. / sth. for sb. 31. go on to do sth. 继续做事(常考) go on doing sth. 继续做事(常考)

32. hate to do/doing sth. 讨厌/不喜欢做某事 33. have fun doing sth.

34. have problems doing sth. 做某事遇到困难 35. have sb. do sth. have sth. done

have sth. to do 有事要做

36. hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事(后接动词原形，常考) hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事(常见) 37. help to do sth. 帮忙做某事

help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 38. hope/wish to do sth. 希望做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事

39. I t seems that 这像是……（后接从句） seem to do sth. seem +adj.

40. It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. It’s + adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.

e.g: It’s glad for him to hear the news.

41. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考) 42. pay …for… cost spend…on….. it take …to do sth. 43. It’s best for sb to do sth.. 对某人来说做某事是最好的

had better do sth. 最好做某事 (注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形)

44. It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了 45. keep (on)doing sth. 坚持做某事(常考) keep sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事(常考)

keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(常考) keep sb./ sth. +adj.

keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天(不要用borrow或lend) 46. learn to do sth. 学做某事

learn sth. from sb. 向某人学习 47. like to do/doing sth. 喜欢做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 48. need to do sth. need doing sth./to be done need sth .

needn’t do sth.

49. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿……而不愿……(常考) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做……胜过做……

e.g: I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。 prefer to do sth. 喜欢(爱)做某事 50. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做……

51. remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事 52. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 (结果)

see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(正在进行中) be seen to do sth. 做某事被看见

53. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西 (词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词) e.g: I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。

54. spend some time (in)doing sth. /on sth. 花费时间做某事(注意动词要用ing形式)(常考)

spend some money on sth./ doing sth. 买……花了多少钱 55. Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do. 做好某事很难/容易 56. stop to do sth. 停下来去某事(两件事) (常考) stop doing sth. 停止做某事(一件事) (常考)

stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(常考) 57. take turns to do sth. 轮流做……

58. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去(不要)做某事 be told to do sth. 被告知不要做某事

59. There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事 60. There is no time (for sb.) to do sth. have no time to do sth. 没时间做某事 61. too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能…… so… that… not… enough to do

e.g: The boy is too young to go to school. 那男孩太小了以致不能上学。 62. try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try to do sth. 试着(图)做某事

63. used to do sth. 过去常做某事( used to be + adj./ a +n)

e.g: Mr. wang used to be a teacher worker. 王先生过去是一位工人。 I used to live in the country. 过去我住在农村。 . want/would like to do sth. 想做……

want/would like sb. to do sth. 想某人做……

feel like doing sth. 喜爱做某事(注意like后接动词ing形式) 65. warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事 66. Why don’t you do sth.? Why not do sth ?

表示建议的句型还有：What How about……? (如果是动词，要用ing形式) Shall we……?

67. Would you like (sb.) to do sth.? Yes, I’d love to. 68. Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？

Never mind/Not at all/of course not/certainly not. (从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了)

69. Would you please (not) do sth. 你可不可以不做……？

70. finish doing sth. enjoy doing sth. practise doing sth. be good at doing sth. be good at doing sth. thank you for doing sth. stop doing sth. be good at doing sth. give up doing sth mind doing sth stop sb from doing

sth go on doing sth be busy doing sth see/hear/watch sb doing sth feel like doing sth hate doing sth like doing sth do well in doing sth be

afraid of doing sth be interested in doing sth make a contribution to sth/doing sth

71. 非延续性动词(终止性动词)

1. buy---have(has)had 2. borrow---have(has)kept 3. leave---have(has)been away 4. go ---have(has)been away/in… 5. come ---have(has)here/in…

6. die ---have(has)been dead 7. join---have(has)been a member of/in… 8. begin---have(has)on 8. stop---have(has)been over

例如: 他的狗死了3天了.: His dog has been dead for three days. It is three days since his dog died. His dog died three days ago.

72. 感官动词:(主动语态不带to)1.hear/see/watch sb do sth 或 2. hear/see/watch sb doing sth

1. We often hear him sing the song.

2. I saw him swimming in the river just now. 被动语态带to:

1. He is often heard to sing the song.

役使动词: (主动语态不带to) make/let sb do sth. His father often makes him do this and that. 被动语态带to:

He is often made to do this and that by his father.