出卷人：吴庚堂
广东技术师范学院
装
2016—2017学年度第 (2)学期期末考试试卷
科 目：语言学 （A）卷
考试形式：闭卷 考试时间: 120分钟
订 系别、班级： 姓名： 学号：
线 题 目 标准分数 实得分数 评卷人 一 30 二 10 三 12 四 10 五 10 六 10 七 18 八 总分 100
考生答题不得超过此线一 Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. (2%×15=30%)
(1) That linguistics is ________________ is to say that the linguist tries to discover and record the rules to which the members of language community actually conform and does not seek to impose upon them other rules.
A. synchronic b. diachronic c. descriptive d. prescriptive (2) ___________ is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to.
A. Onomatopoeia B. Collocation C. Denotation D. Assimilation (3) ___________ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics.
A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D. Leech
(4) The study of a language through the course of its history is called ___________.
A. prescriptive study B. descriptive study C. synchronic study D. diachronic study (5) In some languages like _________, pitch variations are meaning distinctive. Therefore they are called tone languages.
A. Chinese B. English C. French D. German (6) A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ____________.
A. absence of obstruction. B. Presence of obstruction. C. manner of articulation. D. Place of articulation. (7) Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending?
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A. VIP B. bookshelf C. red-faced D. motel (8) Which of the following words is NOT a derivative?
A. physician B. facial C. unify D. nicer (9) Which of the following is an example of clipping?
A. APEC. B. Motel. C. Xerox. D. Disco.
(10) A: Do you like ice cream?
B: Yes, I do.
This is an example of __________.
A. substitution B. reference C. conjunction D. ellipsis (11) Syntactically, English is an example of ________ language.
A. SVO B. SOV C. VSO D. OSV (12) The pair of words “below” and “above” are
A. gradable opposites B. converse opposites
C. complementary opposites C. contradictory opposites.
(13) According to the componential analysis, the words “girl” and “woman” differ in the feature of
________.
A. HUMAN B. ANIMATE C. MALE D. ADULT (14) Saussure took a(n) __________ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ________
point of view.
A. sociological, psychological B. psychological, sociological C. applied, pragmatic D. semantic, linguistic (15) Compound words consist of morphemes.
A. bound B. both bound and free C. free D. neither free nor bound 二 Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. (2%×5=10%)
(16) According to Chomsky, competence refers to a language user's knowledge about the system of linguistic
rules he is able to state explicitly. (17) When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the
same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast. (18) The RELATION OF SUBSTITUTABILITY refers to classes or sets of words substitutable for each
other semantically in sentences with the same structure. (19) For the members of gradable antonyms, the denial of one is not necessarily the assertion of the other. (20) Speech act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.
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三 What is the basic sense relation between each pair of words listed here? (2%×6=12%)
(a) damp/moist (b) deep/shallow
(c) furniture/table (d) married/single
(e) move/run (f) peace/piece
四 Analyze the following dialogues by saying which maxims of Grice’s Cooperative Principle are being
violated, and what implicature is being triggered. (2%×5=10%) (21) A: Remember Paula?
B: Ah!! Paula!! She was glorious, gorgeous! What a beautiful girl! She always hung out with Susan, remember?
A: Yeah, Susan was a nice person. (22) A: Could you pass me my jacket, please?
B: It’s not cold.
(23) A: I’ll call all my friends and ask them to come to my party next weekend.
B: Mark and Paula will be in town next weekend. A: Great, I’ll call Paula. (24) A: I don’t think you’ve met Sally on the fourth floor.
B: No, what’s she like?
A: Well, she’s not of the kindest variety. (25) A: Have you done your homework?
B: Joanna had her ear pierced today. 五 Phonological analysis (10%)
In most dialects of American English, speakers have a process known as intervocalic alveolar flapping that changes the consonants /t/ and /d/ into a quick flap consonant [ɾ]. Study the data below and formulate a phonological rule for /t, d/→[ɾ] changes. Note: the symbol “ˈ” is a stress marker for a syllable.
ɪɾɪŋ] ɪt] writing [ˈɹa write [ˈɹa
seated [ˈsiɾəd] seat [ˈsit] quotable [ˈkʷoɾəbl] quote [ˈkʷot]
ɪɾɪŋ] ɪd] riding [ˈɹa ride [ˈɹa
seeded [ˈsiɾəd] seed [ˈsid] readable [ˈɹiɾəbl] read [ˈɹid] 六 Morphological analysis: (2*5=10%)
In Turkish, there is some variation in the plural inflection.
Singular Plural
(“man”) adam adamlar (“men”) (“gun”) ______ (1) toplar (“guns”) (“lesson”) ders _______ (2) (“lessons”)
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(“place”) yer yerler (“places”) (“road”) ______ (3) yollar (“roads”) (“lock”) ______ (4) kilitler (“locks”) (“arrow”) ok _______ (5) (“arrows”) (“hand”) el _______ (6) (“hands”) (“arm”) kol _______ (7) (“arms”) (“bell”) _______ (8) ziller (“bells”) (“friend”) _______ (9) dostlar (“friends”) (“apple”) elma _______ (10) (“apples”)
(i) Can you provide the missing forms (1)-(10)?
(ii) Using this information, can you state the conditions under which each of the plural morphs is used? 七 Draw two FULL trees to disambiguate the sentence. (2*9=18%)
People from this village can fish over there. (Note: can is either a verb or an auxiliary verb.)
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广东技术师范学院
装
2016—2017学年度第 (2)学期期末考试答卷
科 目：语言学 （A）卷
考试形式：闭卷 考试时间: 120分钟
订 系别、班级： 姓名： 学号：
线 题 目 标准分数 实得分数 评卷人 一 30 二 10 三 12 四 10 五 10
一 Choose one that best completes the statement. (2%×15=30%)
(1) (11) (2) (3) (12) (4) (5) (13) (6) (7) (14) (8) (9) (15) (10)
六 10 七 18 八 总分 100
考生答题不得超过此线二 Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. (2%×5=10%)
(16) (17) (18) (19) (20) 三 What is the basic sense relation between each pair of words listed here? (2%×6=12%)
a. b.
c. d.
e. f.
四 Implicature analysis (2%×5=10%) (21)
Maxim violated: Implicature: (22)
Maxim violated: Implicature: (23)
Maxim violated: Implicature:
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(24) Maxim violated:
Implicature: (25) Maxim violated:
Implicature:
五 Phonological analysis (10%)
六 Morphological analysis: (2*5=10%)
(i) Can you provide the missing forms (1)-(10)?
1) 6)
(ii) Using this information, can you state the conditions under which each of the plural morphs is used?
2) 7)
3) 8)
4) 9)
5) 10)
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七 Draw two FULL trees to disambiguate the sentence. (2*9=18%)
People from this village can fish over there.
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