第2期 季节性冻土区高速铁路路基冻深研究 l7 Freezing Depth of High Speed Railway Subgrade in Seasonally Frozen Ground Region DU Xiaoyan,YE Yangsheng,ZHANG Qianli,CAI Degou (China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China) Abstract:In View Of the strict requirement that the maximum frost heaving deformation should be less than 5 mm for high speed railway subgrade in seasonally frozen ground region,research was carried out on the freezing depth of high speed railway subgrade in seasonally frozen ground region.On the basis of the comprehensive analysis about the relevant domestic and foreign solutions,an improved Berggren method was proposed to calculate the formula for the design freezing depth of high speed railway subgrade.The formula considering the thermal characteristics of subgrade,meteorological condition and foundation condi— tions is applicable to multi—layer soil subgrade with different features.By using field monitoring,FEM based on biot consolidation theory and improved Berggren method,the frost heaving of subgrade,the temperature and displacement fields of a typical section of high speed railway in frozen ground region were measured,computed and analyzed.The results show that the freezing depth of subgrade has been developed through the process of shallow and small fluctuations,fast development downward and achieving maximum,gradually reducing and small shallow fluctuations and SO on.The frost heaving deformation of subgrade mainly occurs in the range of 70 of the freezing depth.The maximum freezing depth of the typical section in frozen ground region obtained by FEM and by the improved Berggren method is 1.98 and 1.94 m respectively.Compared with the actual monitoring value of 1.90 m,the calculation error is only 4.2 9/6 and 2.4 respectively,which shows that both FEM and the improved Berggren method are the effective means for determining the freezing depth of subgrade. Key words:High speed railway;Subgrade;Seasonally frozen ground;Frozen depth;Freezing index; Temperature field;Displacement field;Monitoring (责任编辑吴彬) 中国铁道科学研究院2013年度科技成果简介(续一) 7 CR 型动车组网络控制系统 列车网络控制系统具有列车级、单元级的控制和监视功能,基于信息共享,可实现对包括整车牵引系统、制动系统、 高压系统、辅助供电系统、空调系统、车门系统、旅客信息系统、火灾报警系统、转向架监测系统等在内的几乎所有子系 统的综合管理和控制,完成列车的控制、监视、诊断与保护等任务。列车网络控制系统具有故障诊断和故障信息存储功 能。诊断系统在动车组的运行、维护和维修期间向列车人员(司机、乘务员)以及检修人员提供有效的操作和检修支持。 故障信息存储区用于存储整个车辆的事件数据(故障数据,环境数据,协议数据)。存储的数据用于支持动车组维护人员 的维修作业。该系统主要包括控制单元、人机接口显示屏、输入输出工作站、C型输入输出模块、温度采集模块、中 继器、远程传输装置等。(1)控制单元主要负责动车组列车的控制、监视和故障诊断;所有动车组列车网络控制系统 的子系统设备都通过车辆总线与控制单元进行通信和数据交换;每个牵引单元内有2个冗余的控制单元,分为主 设备和从设备,主设备具有控制和管理网络通信和本单元的逻辑控制功能,当主设备发生故障时从设备自动接替主设备工 作;控制单元内含网关,主设备的网关具有WTB通信和管理功能,实现2个牵引单元之间列车级通信和数据交换; (下转第51页) 第2期 用于深埋圆形盾构隧道地震效应分析的2种拟静力解析解的对比研究 51 Comparative Study on Two Pseudo—Static Seismic Effect for Deep Buried Circ lytical Solutions to Shield Tunnel YAN Qixiang ,ZHOU Lti ,WANG Chunyan , TANG Maohao ¨.GENG Ping , (1.School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 610031,China; 2.MOE Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, outhwestS Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 610031,China) Abstract:Two common pseudo—static analytical solutions for analyzing the seismic effect of deep buried circular shield tunnel were comparatively studied.The calculation fclrmulas of the moment ratio and axial force ratio between the two pseudo-static analytical solutions were given.The relationships between the moment ratio,axial force ratio and elastic modulus,Poisson ratio and the effect of the interface slip condition on the moment ratio,axial force ratio were studied.The reliability of the two pseudo—static ana— lytical solutions was verified by building numerical analytic model of equivalent stiffness.Research shows that,with no interface slip,the tWO pseudo-static analytical solutions obtain basically the same additional moment caused by earthquake,but there is great difference in the additional axial force.The elastic modu— I lUS,Poisson ratio and interface conditions have Iittle influence on additional moment but great influence on additiona1 axial force.The distribution laWS and the occurring positions of the extreme values of the ben— ding moment and the axial force obtained by the tWO pseudo——static analytical solution methods and the nu—— merical solution of equivalent stiffness are basically in accordance.The pseudo-static analysis method based on the theory of elastic thin-walled cylindrica1 shell should be the priority to be used in the seismic design of the deep buried circular shield tunne1. -耋l Key words:Shield tunnel;Seismic response;Pseudo-static analytical solution;Numerical solution of equivalent stiffness (责任编辑(上接第17页) 刘卫华) 列车级的主设备具有对整个动车组的控制、监视与故障诊断功能。(2)人机接口显示屏具有MVB接口和以太网接口,是 动车组的故障诊断中心,大部分子系统设备都通过MVB接口与人机接口显示屏通信,各子系统的状态、设备工作状态 列车的基本运行数据、故障诊断信息都通过人机接口显示屏进行显示、报警和存储,同时显示屏还具有工作模式选择、故 障设备切除等功能。(3)输入输出工作站输入电源的电压为DCllO V(范围在DC77 ̄DC137.5 V),额定功率为100 w; 该工作站主要的组成部分有:电源模块(110 V/24 V),DCllO V输入模块,DC110 V输出模块,主CPU模块和基座 模块;输入输出工作站根据要求可以挂接多个DCll0 V输入模块(最多12个模块)和多个DC110 V输出模块(最多12个 模块),每个输人模块包含16个DCll0V输入通道,每个输出模块包含8个I)C110V输出通道,输入和输出通道均有指示 灯显示当前通道的工作状态;工作站采用模块化设计,扩展性强,可以根据实际应用需求进行灵活配置。(4)C型输入输 出模块的标称输入电压为DC110V,所有输入和输出通道的工作电压采用模块自身转换的DC24 V;模块具有2个DC24 V 电源输出,2组16通道输入,1组8通道输出和2组1O通道高速输入;输入输出模块是一类MVB设备,具有过程数据通 信功能,设备的MVB端口地址与设备地址有关,通过4个外部输入信号可以配置设备地址;模块具有完善的诊断功能, 对输入和输出通道的DC24V供电进行分组管理,具有限流和过流保护能力。通过MVB输出端口将各分组电源供电的状态 传输到MVB网络上,并对MVB输人数据有宿端口监视。(5)温度采集模块采用110 V电源供电,可以实现对20个通道 (下转第59页) 第2期 地铁建设工程中TBM中板步进过站技术 59 (ZHANG Haiyan,HE Ping,HU Yougang,et a1.Risk Control Values of Shield Tunnel Crossing Existig Cnoncrete Bridge Structure EJ].China Railway Science,2014,35(3):47—55.in Chinese) Technology of TBM Stepping-Passing through the Medium Plate of Station during Metro Construction WANG J un ,YANG Kaiping ,DAI Zhiren (1.School of Highway,Chang’an University,Shaanxi Xi’an 710054,China; 2.China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Shaanxi Xi’an 7 10043,China) Abstract ̄In order to investigate the technology of Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM)stepping-passing through the built medium plate of metro station,and based on the IAne 6 project of Chongqing Metro,the “guide rail at arc bottom”program for TBM stepping-passing through the medium plate of metro station and the reinforcement program for the medium plate of station were designed.The rationality of the designed programs was verified by the numerieal simulation of the actual working conditions and the monitoring of construction process.Results showed that when TBM stepping—passed through the medium plate of station,“guide rail at arc bottom”program was reasonable and feasible.Setting upturned beam on arc-shaped guide platform and steel support system under the beam along the direction of TBM stepping— passing could ensure the safety of medium plate structure when TBM passed through.The influence scope of TBM load on the medium plate structure mainly concentrated within 27 m range that was from 10 m before the action point of TBM head to the back support point.“Guide rail at arc bottom’’program could effectively transfer TBM load to the steel support system and bottom plate,which could ensure the safety of medium plate structure.The upturned beam and steel support system under the beam in the medium plate of metro station have strengthened the integral rigidity of the medium plate structure,reduced deformation and cracking,thus ensured the safe operation of metro station after the TBM passing through. Key words:Tunnel boring machine;Stepping-passing through metro station;Station medium plate; Metro engineering (责任编辑(上接第51页) 刘卫华) 的Ptl00温度采集,每个采集通道采用四线制,模拟采集电路主要采用12位AD采样芯片,输出采用MVB通信接El;温 度采集模块是一类MVB设备,具有过程数据通信功能,设备的MVB端口地址与设备地址有关,通过4个外部输入信号可 以配置设备地址;模块具有完善的诊断功能,可检测断路、短路及每一路温度采集信号的有效性,温度测量范围为一40。~ 250。。(6)MVB中继器采用1IOV电源供电,可在不同EMD介质的MVB网段之间提供物理连接,在节点数目超过32个 或者传输距离超过200 ITI的MVB网络中必须使用MVB中继器;MVB中继器属于网络物理层上的连接设备,主要应用于 使用EMD中距离传输介质的场合,通过对数据信号的重新发送或者转发,来扩大网络传输距离。根据《中国铁路总公司 关于CRH。型动车组自主化牵引变流器、牵引控制系统,辅助变流器、网络控制系统装车运用考核的通知》要求,对研制 出的列车网络控制系统分别在广州动车段和北京动车段装车,进行运用考核,运行状态稳定良好。研究成果于2013年6月 通过了中国铁路总公司科技管理部组织的技术评审。 8 CRHs型动车组牵引控制系统 在CRH。型动车组平台的基础上,开发自主化的动车组牵引控制系统,完成CRH。型动车组牵引控制系统的自主化替 (下转第67页) 第2期 高速列车空心车轴国产化的选材和试制 67 Material Selection and Trial Manufacture for Localization of Hollow Axle for High Speed Train ZHU Jing ,GU Jialin ,ZHOU Huihua ,LIU Shuhua ,PAN Tao , WANG Yuiling ,WU Haiying ,WU Yueying ,SHI Huiji ,LIN Jizhong , RU Jilai ,LIU Shaoqing ,ZHAO Lei。,LIU Huiying ,CAI Mingchun。 (1.School of Material Science&Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China; 2.Metals&Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China; 3.Division of Structural Steels,Centra1 Iron and Stee1 Research Institute,geijing 100081,China; 4.Taiyuan Iron Steel(Group)Co.,Ltd,Taiyuan Shanxi 030003,China: 5.Jinxi Axle Company Limited,Taiyuan Shanxi 030027,China; 6.School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China; 7.CSR Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd,Qingdao Shandong 266111,China; 8.Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Qingdao Shandong 266031,China) Abstract:In this paper the material selection and manufacture of domestic hollow axle for high speed train have been researched and developed.The route of employing low alloy steels as axle materials and the quenching/tempering treatment process have been adopted based on the investigation of the imported axles from Japan and Europe(Italy and France),national and foreign related standards as well as the survey of equipment and capacity of domestic related manufacturers.We have developed two kinds of low alloy steel hollow axles for high speed train with independent intellectual property,namely,EA4T for 200~250 km・h一 and EA4T plus for 300~350 km・h一.Both the common mechanical property and fatigue property of the small specimens are superior to those of the imported axles,especially the even more excellent notch fatigue property and low temperature impact property.Moreover,the full—size fatigue tests of EA4T and EA4T plus hollow axles have been approved.Additionally,30NiCrMoV1 2 hollow axle for high speed train has been successfully trial—produced and its packaged technology has provided reference for axle selection in the f1lttire. Key words:High speed train;Hollow axle;Localization;Low alloy steel;Quenching and tempering (责任编辑(上接第59页) 金燕) 代。在保持原CRHs型动车组牵引控制系统部件机械接口和电气接口不变的前提下,实现对列车牵引部件的控制、监测、 故障诊断与保护的功能,确保动车组安全、可靠运行。 牵引控制单元负责控制、调整和监测列车的牵引部件,是专用于铁路车辆的微机化、模块化控制单元。机箱由18类、 25块印制板卡构成,背板采用绕线方式,通过内置式轴流风扇实现通风散热,通过前面板连接器与外部车辆环境连接。中 央处理器模块主要实现牵引控制单元的顶层控制功能(比如预置指令处理、开关部件控制、故障诊断与保护等);处理器 由CPU母板和适配板组成,母板配置24 Mb EPROM,2 Mb SRAM,实时时钟,看门狗,定时器(16位,32位),超级电 容等,适配板配置时钟频率100 MHz和64 Mb SDRAM的微处理器。前面板配置7段数码管、BCD开关、LED指示灯、 手矾按钮和RS232串口等。信号处理器模块主要实现四象限变流器或者PWM逆变器的高性能控制算法,配置时钟频率 27MHz的数字信号处理器,通过4 kb双口RAM与CPU总线通讯,通过4个D/A转换器将数字量转换为模拟量,还有2 个串口允许以最大750kb的波特率实现点对点通讯;前面板配置7段数码管、LED指示灯、手动按钮和RS232串口等。输 (下转第72页) 72 中国铁道科学 第36卷 (SHI Jianping,IAU Zhongxia,XIAO Qian.The Effect of Chemical Composition,Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties of Wheel Steels[J].China Railway Science,2012,33(6):44—50.in Chinese) 吴毅,刘鑫贵,项彬,等.新材质LZ45CrV铁路货车车轴钢坯及车轴研究与试制[RJ.北京:中国铁道科学研究 院,2Ol2. (WU Yi,L1U Xingui,XlANG Bin,et a1.Research and Trial Production of the New Material of LZ45CrV for Rall way Truck Axle[R].Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2012.in Chinese) E6] CAPDEVII IA C,CABAI LER()F G,GARCIA Mateo C,et a1.The Role of Inclusions and Austenite Grain Size on Intragranular Nucleation of Ferrite in Medium Carbon Microalloyed Steels I-J].Materials Transactions,2004,45 (8):2678—2685. [7] 林吉忠,刘淑华.金属材料的断裂与疲劳[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1989. E8] 黄国,黄海明,王超,等.45#车轴钢疲劳性能试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(4):71—76. (HUANG Guo,HUAN()Haiming,WANG Chao,et a1.Experimental Study on the Fatigue Properties of 45# Axle Steel[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(4):71—76.in Chinese) Experimental Study on the Comprehensive Performance of LZ45CrV Axle Steel for Heavy Haul Freight Car WU Yi ~,IAU Xingui ,XIANG Bin ,XU Yajuan (1.Postgraduate Department,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China; 2.Metals&Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 1O0O81,China) Abstract:In order to increase the axle load of heavy haul freight car,the comprehensive performance of I.Z45CrV axle steel was tested and researched.The results show that,by means of adding micro—alloying elements of Cr,Ni,Mo and V into axle steel,the microstructure of LZ45CrV axle steel is obviously improved and the grain size is two levels or above higher than that of LZ50 axle stee1.The micro—alloying elements have formed carbon and nitride precipitates from severa1 tens to one hundred nanometer sized in stee1.On the premise of not reducing elongation and the reduction of area,the strength index of LZ45CrV axle steel is improved over 10 than that of I.Z50 axle stee1.The transverse and longitudinal impact energy is no less than 4O and 50 J respectively.Compared with LZSO axle steel,the relative corrosion weight loss rate of LZ45CrV axle steel is over 20 9/5 lower.The fatigue limit is increased by over 15 . Each performance index of I Z45CrV axle steeI can meet the requirement of the technica1 conditions for tria1 production as well as the operation requirements for the axles of heavy haul freight cars with 30 t axle load. Key words:H eavy haul freight car;Axle steel;Chemical constituent;Micro—alloying;Performance index (责任编辑(上接第67页) 金燕) 人/输出管理模块作为CPU和其他输入/输出模块的接口,通过数据总线和地址总线与CPU通信,可以满足23路外部模拟 信号和2路内部模拟信号的模拟/数字转换;前面板配置7段数码管、BCD开关和LED指示灯等。MVB通讯模块是符合 TCN标准通信协议的通讯板卡,配置有MVB控制器,512 kb RAM,1 Mb FLASH EPROM,64 kb双口RAM;前面板配 置2个冗余MVB接口、LED指示灯及手动按钮等。逆变器监控模块用于监视和保护功率开关器件,最多监控4个桥臂 (即8个功率开关器件)。监控变量主要包括相电流瞬时值、中间电压瞬时值、开关频率、最小开关时间等。二进制输入模 块用于输入I)C110V二进制信号;输入通道l2路,标称值110 v/7 mA,光耦隔离。二进制输出模块用于输出DC110V二 (下转第86页) 86 中国铁道科学 第36卷 Protection Mechanism for Message Timeliness in Railway Signal Safety Protocal—I ZANG Yongli ,YANG Nifei ,LU Peiling ,WANG Hao (1.Signal and Communication Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China; 2.Institute of Computing Technologies,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China) Abstract:With the timeliness protection principle of EC counter time stamp from railway signal safety protocol一Ⅱfor reference,on the basis of maintaining the frame format,time sequence and safety check measures of railway signal safety protocol—I(RSSP-I),the handling process of receiver was improved and a further RSSP-I mechanism for ensuring the timeliness of safety-related message was put forward. The approach of checking the timeliness of cycle counter time stamp was adopted for the mechanism. Message timeliness protection was realized through three steps,namely,cycle counter alignment,cycle counter checking and the fixed time start of the detection on transmission delay.Based on analyzing the functional and technical safety as well 38 the safety processing principle of message timeliness protection mechanism,the method was determined for obtaining five key parameters of the mechanism,including the maximum tolerable deviation in time sequence,the interval for starting the detection on transmission delay,the time limit for awaiting Sequence Start Reply(SSR)after the Sequence Start Enquiry(SSE) being issued,the maximum number of cycles for remaining the positive value of the measured transmission delay,and the maximum number of successive failures in the transmission delay detection.The simulation results in laboratory show that the mechanism can effectively protect message timeliness against the risk of transmission delay threat and can further improve the safety of RSSP一工. Key words:Digital communication;Safety-related data;Message timeliness protection;Safety protocol; Railway signal;Train control system (责任编辑(上接第72页) 刘卫华) 进制信号;输出通道8路,标称值110 v/o.5 A,光耦隔离。同步模块主要用于在2个牵引控制单元之间传递同步脉冲, 可以传递4个数字脉冲信号,还有4个带隔离的接收通道。温度传感器输入模块用于输入温度传感器(I ̄100)信号;8路 测量通道,2 mA恒流源,四线制原理,最大测量电阻500 Q。压频转换模块先将模拟电压信号转换为频率信号,再送人信 号处理模块;7路模拟输入通道,压频电路具有在线校准功能。输入/输出模拟1模块主要用于输入电机速度传感器信号。 输入/输出模拟2模块主要用于输入拖轴速度传感器及压力传感器信号。40 mA电流环脉冲输出模块为功率模块按照电流 信号的形式发送脉冲,并且从触发级接收发送的确认信号;9路电流环输出通道,输出电流范围35~42 mA。5 V供电模 块用于为牵引控制单元提供5 V电源,输入电压DC72 ̄110 V,输出电压5 V/60 w;具有电气隔离,输入反相电池保护, 可抽拉设计等特征。24 V供电模块用于为牵引控制单元提供24 V电源,输入电压DC72 ̄l1O V,输出电压24 V/100 w; 具有电气隔离,输入反相电池保护,可抽拉设计等特征。15V供电模块用于为牵引控制单元提供15 V电源,输入电压 DC72 ̄110 V,输出电压15 V/lO5 w;具有电气隔离,输入反相电池保护,可抽拉设计等特征。电源启动模块用于一次和 二:次电源电压的欠压监视,同时用于牵引控制单元的启动和断电。风扇组件用于为牵引控制单元机箱提供强迫通风。 根据《中国铁路总公司关于CRH。型动车组自主化牵引变流器、牵引控制系统、辅助变流器、网络控制系统装车运用 考核的通知》要求,研制出的牵引控制系统(含硬件板卡和软件)在广州动车段装车,进行运用考核,运行状态稳定良 好。研究成果于2013年6月通过了中国铁路总公司科技管理部组织的技术评审。 (张静)