大学英语四级常见词根词缀

一、常见词根词缀 1．否定前缀

un- uncomfortable, unacceptable, unavoidable in- incomplete, incapable, indispensable, inevitable im- imperfect, impartial, immortal dis- disable, disadvantage

mis- misplace, mislead, misfortune ab- abnormal

de- deactivate, degrade il- illegal, illiterate ir- irregular, irrelative

mal- malfunction, malnutrition

2. trans - across（横过）through（通过）beyond（那边）from one place to another transient 短暂的

transplant 移植（器官） transaction 交易

transition 过渡，转变

transition from A to B transition period transmit 传输，传送（无线电，电视） transmission （n）

a live transmission 现场直播 cultural transmission 文化的继承 transform 完全改变…的外观/特性 transformation（常做陪衬） transfer 传递，迁移 translate 翻译 transport 运输

3. com-, con- 1、加强语气 2、共同，一起 combine, compete, compromise confirm, conspicuous, concession 4. -tain 1、支撑 2、保持，维持，保留 sustain， retain, maintain 5. re- 再，又，回，反 renew, reshape, refresh 6. uni- / mono- one （一个），sole（单一的） uniform, unique, unity monotonous （单调的），monopoly （垄断） 7. ex- 向外，超出

expand extend exceed excessive exclusive（ly） excursion 8. pre-/pro- 前，在前

predominant precede, previous, premise, prevalent proceed, prominent, propel 9. magn- 大（large）

magnify（microscope）, magnificent, magnitude

10. viv- /vit- live, life 生命，生活 vivid, survive, revive vital, vitamin

11. inter- 在……之间 相互 intervene, interfere 12. man- hand （手工）

manufacture , manipulate，manuscript 13. sci- knowledge

science, scientific, consciousness 14. sub- / sus- 下，次，附属 subsidiary subordinate（to） sustain 15. laps 滑，落

（时间）elapse, collapse 16. spec- / spic- look

spectator, speculate, spectacular, perspective conspicuous

17.clud（s）-, clos- 关闭shut

conclude, include ,exclusive close 18. not note

notify notion（=idea） notorious 19. homo- same homogeneously 20. simul- together Simultaneously 21. multi - 多，多倍 multiply, multitude 22. contra, contro 相反 contradiction contrary controversy

23. dict- say, tell, speak

dictate, dictator , dictionary, verdict, predict 24. per- through

permeate, perplex, permanent, perpetual, persistent 25. ver- truth verify verdict

26. -logy study（学习） science biology psychology 27. -vert / -vers turn divert advertise

diversify versatile reverse

28. -ics 作抽象名词的后缀，表学科 economics politics physics 29. -ist 表示\"人\"

pianist geologist typist 30. bio- life

biography biology

31. -ician 从事……专业的人 music → musician

32. -ism ……主义……论（抽象名词） realism Marxism 33. -cid kill

suicide insecticide 34. mort- death

mortal mortality immortal 35. -scrib / -scrip write draw

describe inscribe prescribe subscribe ascribe

description inscription prescription subscription ascription 36. di-/du-/ambi- /bi- two, double

dilemma / duplicate / ambiguous/ bilateral 37. tri- three triangle

38. bene- good, well, happily benefit beneficiary

39. volu/ volv roll（滚动）turn（转动） evolution revolution involve revolve evolve

40. fer carry（带） produce（生产） transfer refer fertile 41. phil- love philosophy 42. deca- ten decade 43. cred believe

credible incredible credit 44. cent one hundred century

45. mill / kilo 一千，千分之一

millennium million kilometer kilogram 46. dom master, control domain

dominate, dominant, predominant 47. val 有权力，影响

valid, invalid, valuable, evaluate, prevalent（popular） 48. graph / gram write

biography, geography / grammar, telegram 49. equi - 同等，相等 equivalent equilibrium

50. bat beat打

debate combat battle batter battery 51. seg, sect cut

segment, segregate / section intersection 52. plex 折叠

perplex complex 53. en- / -ify make

enlarge entitle enrich enable simplify magnify signify

54. sym- / syn- 共同same, 类似similar sympathy symptom symmetry / syndrome 55 path feeling

pathetic sympathy sympathetic 56. ceed / cess / cede / cest / cur run proceed

recession, access, excess, successor precede, recede ancestor

current currency excursion occur 57. serv 保存,保护（protect） conserve preserve 58. -able , -ible 可…… respectable, imaginable comprehensible

59. hypo- 下，在…之下 hypothesis hypotension 60. -pel 推

propel, expel, repel, dispel, impel, compel 61. scend climb ascend descend 62. spir

aspire, inspire, expire, respire, conspire 63. sent, sens feeling sentimental

sense, consensus . grav 重

grave, gravity, aggravate （grieve） 65.lev 轻，上升

alleviate, elevate （relieve） 66.rupt break

bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt

二、动词搭配

1. add to增加，增进 add … to把…加进… add up相加

add up to总计，所有这一切说明

2. break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉

break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开 break off暂停，中断

break in强行进入，插话 break into闯入

break into pieces成为碎片 break out爆发

break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散 break through突破

( away from, down, in, off, up, up ) 3. bring up抚养，呕吐，提出 bring about造成

bring out拿出，出版 bring in引入，引进，挣钱 bring back使回想起

bring down使下降，使倒下 4. call on号召，拜访（某人） call at拜访、参观（某地） call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要 call up使回忆起, 征召入伍 call in召集，请某人来 call out大喊，高叫 call off取消，不举行 5. come about发生，出现

come down下跌，落，降，传下来 come in进来

come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect) come on来临/ 快点 come out出版，结果是 come along一道来，赶快

come to达到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒，合计，总共是 come over走过来 come up发芽，走近 come across偶然碰到 come back回想起

come from来自，源自 6. cut across抄近路 cut down砍倒，削减

cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系 cut up连根拔除，切碎

through剪断，凿穿

cut out删（省）掉，戒掉 cut in插嘴

7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因） die from死于（意外事故、情形） die away渐渐消逝 die out绝种

die down(炉火)渐熄 die off逐一死去 8. fall behind落后 fall over one's feet 跌跤 fall down掉下，跌倒 fall back撤退，后退

9. go in for从事，喜爱，参加 go through通过，经受 go over复习，检查

go up（价格）上涨，建造起来 go after追捕，追赶 go against违反

go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧 go away离开 go by时间过去

go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉 go on(with)继续进行 go with相配，陪同 go without没有，缺少 go out外出，熄灭 go all out全力以赴

go off爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应 go back on背约，食言 go beyond超出

10. get down下来，记下，使沮丧 get down to致力于，专心于 get on进展，进步，穿上，上车 get off脱下,下车

get in收集，插（话）

get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假

get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复 get along with进展，相处 get up起床

get through打通电话，完成，通过 get round消息传开

get close to sth. 接近，几乎 get into (trouble)

get to (know)

get back取回，收回 get out

11. give away赠送，泄露，出卖 give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布 give off发出（光、热、气体） give in (to sb.) 屈服

give up放弃，让（座位） 12. hand in交上，提交 hand out分发

hand down流传，遗传 13. hang about闲逛 hang up挂电话

14. hold back阻止，隐瞒 hold up举起，使停顿

hold on别挂电话，等，坚持 hold out持续，坚持，伸出 hold down控制，

15. keep up (courage, English, spirits)保持， keep up with跟上

keep off (grass)不接近，离开

keep away from避开，不接近，离…远远的 keep out of

keep to (rules, promise)坚持，遵守 keep on继续，坚持下来

keep back阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下 keep from克制，阻止 16. knock at/on敲

knock into撞到某人身上 knock down撞倒

knock out of把…敲出 knock over撞倒

knock off停止工作，休息 17. leave for离开前往 leave out删去，遗漏

leave behind遗留,忘记拿走 leave to留给，遗嘱赠于 leave over遗留，剩下，延期 18. look up查找，向上看 look through翻阅，浏览 look on旁观 look on…as看作 look into调查

look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找

look out(for)当心

look about / around/round四下查看 look down upon瞧不起 look back upon回忆，回顾

look ab. up and down仔细打量某人 look ab in the face/eyes直视某人

19. make up编造，配制，打扮，组成 make up for弥补

make into / of / from 制成

make out弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单） make for走向，驶往，促使 20. pass away去世 pass by经过

pass down(on)…to传给 pass through经历 pass over漠视，忽视 21. pay back还钱，报复

pay for付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得到报应 pay off还清

22. pick up拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language /knowledge)，恢复重获(pick up health) pick out挑选，辨认，看出

pick cotton/flower/leaves/words选词

23. put up搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下 put up with忍受 put out伸出，扑灭 put off推迟

put into放进，翻译 put away放好，存钱 put down记下，平息

put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed) put forward 提出，提前 put through 接通电话 put aside放到一边 put back放回

24. pull down拆掉，推翻 pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脱 pull in进站 pull out取出,(火车)离站

pull down往下拉,拆毁 pull over驶到一边

pull through恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境 pull up（使）停住 25. push over推倒，刮倒

push ahead(on, forward)继续前进，坚持下去

push through排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过 26. run across偶然碰到 run after追逐，追捕 run away逃跑 run for竞选

run into偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞 run out of用完 27. see off送行

see through看透，识破 see to照料，照管 28. send for派人去请 send off送行

send out发出（光亮）等 send up发射 29. set up建立

set off出发，触发，引起

set out动身，着手(to do)，陈述 set about开始着手(doing) set to work(n.)开始做 set back拨回，使推迟

30. take off脱掉，起飞 take on呈现 雇佣 take away拿走 take in吸收，领会 take up从事，占用（时间空间） take down记录，取下 take back收回 take for误认为 take along随身带 take over接管 take out

take charge of负责, take sth. for granted想当然, take hold of抓住, take pride in以… ……为自豪, take the place of, 代替take turns to do轮流做, take office就职 31. think of想起 think of…as把…看作 think out想出 think up想出

think about考虑 think over仔细考虑 think well of sb. 对某人看法好 32. turn off / on打开

turn over翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转 turn out证明为，结果，制造成品 turn to转向，求助 turn down调低，拒绝

turn against变得敌视，反对

turn away打发走，驱逐，转过脸去 turn back返回，转回去 turn round转过身来

turn up向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大 turn in上缴

turn upside down把倒置，弄得乱七八糟 三、重要句型

1. It was not until midnight that he finished his task.

2. Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again. 3. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 4. He walked around the house, gun in hand.

5. May you be in good health!

6. Wish you a pleasant journey back home!

7. The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes. 8. What surprised me most was his imagination and patience.

9. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head. 10. Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher. 11. On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists.

12. Looking back upon those past years, he couldn’t help feeling very proud. 13. No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started. 14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics. 15. How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields! 16. There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room. 17. Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory. 18. There goes the bell.

19. Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here. 20. It is no use crying for help.

21. If only I had been your student in the middle school! 22. It is believed that such a thing will not happen again. 23. Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this. 24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.”

25. Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another. 26. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.