大学英语四级常见词根词缀
广大即将面临高考的同学，大家好。在阅读理解的复习过程中，有一种题型往往是许多考生比较难以把握、失分较多，且反映时间比较有限，即选词填空（十选九）。之所以会造成这种情况，其中很重要的原因就在于对于该类题型的核心“词性”把握不准。在接下来的几次分享中，我会分词性和技巧向大家逐一介绍，如何攻克此类题型。...
1.名词后缀
(1)具有某种职业或动作的人
-er, -ar, -or, -ee, -ian, -ician, -icist,
(2).构成，具有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy,表示\"性质，状态，境遇\" accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age,表示\"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称\" courage, storage, marriage
3)-al, a)表示\"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b)表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance, -ence表示\"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy, -ency,表示\"性质，状态，行为，过程\" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
6)-bility,表示\"动作，性质，状态\" possibility, feasibility,
7)-craft,表示\"工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策)
8)-cracy,表示\"统治，支配\" bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy,表示\"性质，状态，职位，级别\" bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy
10)-dom,表示\"等级，领域，状态\" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
11)-ery, -ry,表示\"行为，状态，习性\" bravery, bribery, rivalry
12)-ety,表示\"性质，状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)
13)-faction, -facture,表示\"作成，……化，作用\" satisfaction, manufacture 14)-hood,表示\"资格，身份,年纪，状态\" childhood, manhood, falsehood
15)-ice,表示\"行为，性质，状态\" notice, justice, service
16)-ine,表示\"带有抽象概念\" medicine, discipline, famine
17)-ing,表示\"动作的过程，结果\" building, writing, learning
18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示\"行为的过程，结果，状况\" action, solution,
conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-ise,表示\"性质，状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)
20)-ism,表示\"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为\" socialism, criticism, heroism
21)-ity,表示\"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
22)-ment,表示\"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony,表示\"动作的结果，状态\" ceremony, testimony
24)-ness,表示\"性质，状态，程度\" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)-or, -our,表示\"动作，性质，状态\" favor, error,
26)-osity,表示\"动作，状态” curiosity
27)-ship,表示\"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
28)-th,表示\"动作，性质，过程，状态\" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
29)-tude,表示\"性质，状态，程度\" latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure,表示\"行为，结果\" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)
31)-y,表示\"行为的结果，状态，性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry
2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al, natural, additional, educational
3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican
4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
5)-ar, similar, popular, regular
6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,
8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine
9)-ing, moving, touching, daring
10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive
12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)
(2)表示“相象，类似”的含义
1)-ish, boyish, childish
2)-esque, picturesque
3)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
5)-some, troublesome, handsome
6)-y, milky, pasty
(3)表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
3)-ent, violent,
(4)表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义
1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific
(5)表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western 2)-ward, downward, forward
(6)表示“倍数”的含义
1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple 3)-fold, twofold, tenfold
(7)表示“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty 3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(8)表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese, 3)-ish, English, Spanish
(9)表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er, greater 2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest 4)-most, foremost, topmost
(10)其他的含义
-less,表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3.动词后缀
1)-ize, ise,表示\"变成，……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en,表示\"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy,表示\"使……化,使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish,表示\"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate,表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
4.副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
3)-ways, always, sideways
4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise
1．否定前缀
un- uncomfortable, unacceptable, unavoidable
in- incomplete, incapable, indispensable, inevitable
im- imperfect, impartial, immortal
dis- disable, disadvantage
mis- misplace, mislead, misfortune
ab- abnormal
de- deactivate, degrade
il- illegal, illiterate
ir- irregular, irrelative
mal- malfunction, malnutrition
2. trans — across（横过）through（通过）beyond（那边）from one place to another
transient 短暂的
transplant 移植（器官）
transaction 交易
transition 过渡，转变
transition from A to B transition period
transmit 传输，传送（无线电，电视）
transmission (n)
a live transmission 现场直播
cultural transmission 文化的继承
transform 完全改变…的外观/特性
transformation(常做陪衬)
transfer 传递，迁移
translate 翻译
transport 运输
3. com-, con- 1、加强语气 2、共同，一起
combine, compete, compromise
confirm, conspicuous, concession
4. -tain 1、支撑 2、保持，维持，保留
sustain， retain, maintain
5. re- 再，又，回，反
renew, reshape, refresh
6. uni- / mono- one （一个），sole（单一的）
uniform, unique, unity
monotonous （单调的），monopoly （垄断）
7. ex- 向外，超出
expand extend exceed excessive exclusive(ly) excursion
8. pre-/pro- 前，在前
predominant precede, previous, premise, prevalent
proceed, prominent, propel
9. magn- 大（large）
magnify(microscope), magnificent, magnitude
10. viv- /vit- live, life 生命，生活
vivid, survive, revive
vital, vitamin
11. inter- 在……之间 相互
intervene, interfere
12. man- hand （手工）
manufacture , manipulate，manuscript
13. sci- knowledge
science, scientific, consciousness
14. sub- / sus- 下，次，附属
subsidiary subordinate(to)
sustain
15. laps 滑，落
(时间)elapse, collapse
16. spec- / spic- look
spectator, speculate, spectacular, perspective
conspicuous
17.clud（s）-, clos- 关闭shut
conclude, include ,exclusive close
18. not note
notify notion(=idea) notorious
19. homo- same
homogeneously
20. simul- together
Simultaneously
21. multi — 多，多倍
multiply, multitude
22. contra, contro 相反
contradiction contrary
controversy
23. dict- say, tell, speak
dictate, dictator , dictionary, verdict, predict
24. per- through
permeate, perplex, permanent, perpetual, persistent
25. ver- truth
verify verdict
26. -logy study（学习） science
biology psychology
27. -vert / -vers turn
divert advertise
diversify versatile reverse
28. -ics 作抽象名词的后缀，表学科
economics politics physics
29. -ist 表示“人”
pianist geologist typist
30. bio- life
biography biology
31. -ician 从事……专业的人
music → musician
32. -ism ……主义……论（抽象名词）
realism Marxism
