大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷355(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷355 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 3. Reading Comprehension

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section C

A sense of self develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual emergence of two somewhat separate features: the self as a subject, and the self as an object. William James introduced the distinction in 12, and contemporaries of his, such as Charles Cooley, added to the developing debate. Ever since then psychologists have continued building on the theory. According to James, a child’ s first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. This is an aspect of the self that he labelled “self-as-subject”, and he gave it various elements. These included an awareness of one’s own agency(i.e. one’ s power to act), and an awareness of one’ s distinctiveness from other people. These features gradually emerge as infants explore their world and interact with caregivers. Cooley(1902)suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are an infant’s attempts to control physical objects, such as toys or his own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect the behaviour of other people. For example, infants learn that when they cry or smile, someone responds to them. Once children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness, they begin to place themselves in whole series of categories, which together play such an important part in defining them uniquely as “themselves”. This second step in the development of a full sense of self is what James called the “Self-as-object”. This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most influenced by social elements, since it is made up of social roles(such as student, brother, colleague)and characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with other people(such as trustworthiness, shyness, sporting ability). Cooley and other researchers suggested a close connection between a person’s own understanding of their identity and other people’s understanding of it. Cooley believed that people build up their sense of identity from the reactions of others to them, and from the view they believe others have of them. He called the self-as-object the “looking-glass self, since people come to see themselves as they are reflected in others. Mead(1934)went even further, and saw the self and the social world as inextricably bound together: “The self is essentially a social structure, and it arises in social experience ... it is impossible to conceive of a self arising outside of social experience.” Finally, perhaps the most graphic expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of rage which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age. In a longitudinal study of groups of three or four children, Bronson(1975)found that the intensity of the frustration and anger in their

disagreements increased sharply between the ages of 1 and 2 years. Often, the children’ s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense of “self and of “ownership” is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies.

1． Which one of the following is NOT TRUE about the development of children’ s sense of identity?

A．The two processes— “self as a subject” and “self as an object” develop at the same time.

B．The process of children’s sense of identity develops gradually. C．The theory of a sense of self development is still under debate.

D．William James distinguished “self as a subject” from “self as an object” in 12.

正确答案：A 解析：细节题。此题应用排除法。选项B，对应第一段“A sense of self develops inyoung children by degrees．”孩子的自我认知是逐渐形成的：选项C，对应第一段“thedeveloping debate”，逐渐扩大的辩论；选项D，对应第一段“William James introducedthe distinction in 12”。选项A“主体自我和客体自我同时发展”，不正确。由第三段第一句，“Once children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness…called theself-as-object．”意思是一旦孩子获得一定程度的自我认知，他们才开始客体自我的认知。所以，正确选项是A。 知识模块：仔细阅读

2． Why do infants try to gain the possession of physical objects? A．Physical objects, such as toys are attractive to infants.

B．The control of physical objects is a signal for the powerful manipulation, reflecting infants’ sense of self as a subject.

C．Infants have no awareness of any physical objects.

D．It is a signal that infants are aware of the sense of self as an object.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。根据关键词“physical objects”定位于第二段，“Cooley suggestedthat a sense of the self-as—subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power．He proposed that earliest examples of this are an infant’s attempts to controlphysical objects．”意思是，Cooley认为主体自我的意识主要与行使权力有关。他提出，最早的例子是婴儿试图控制实物。由此可知，选项B“控制实物是权力控制的表现”，反应了婴儿的自我主体意识，是正确答案。 知识模块：仔细阅读

3． What elements are included in self as an object? A．Environment and parents’ education.

B．School education.

C．Social roles and characters influenced by environment. D．Others judgment and status.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。原文第三段最后一句，“This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most influenced by social elements，since it is made up of social rolesand characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with otherpeople．”This指代客观自我认识。很多人认为它受社会因素影响大，因为客体自我有社会角色和来自与其他人比较或互动而产生的特征构成。所以，选项C“社会角色和受环境的性格”符合原文大意。故选C。 知识模块：仔细阅读

4． Which one of the following rhetorics is applied in paragraph 4? A．Metaphor.

B．Personification. C．Contrast. D．Exaggeration.

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。第四段中作者运用了什么修辞手法?第四段第三句，“He calledthe self-as—object the‘looking—glass self’”他将客体自我称为镜中自我。可知作者将客体比作一面镜子。所以，选项A，比喻，为正确选项。选项B，拟人；选项C，对比；选项D，夸张，均不符合原文修辞用法。故选A。 知识模块：仔细阅读

5． The word “rage”(Line 2, Para.5)is closest in meaning to______. A．disappointment B．wrath C．dismay D．silence

正确答案：B

解析：语义题。第五段第一句，“finally，perhaps the most graphic expressions ofself-awareness in general canbe seen in the displays of rage…”最终，一半自我认知最形象的表达方式是愤怒。联系下文，也可推断出。第二句“the intensity of thefrustration and anger in their disagreements increased sharply”争论中产生的挫败感和愤怒增加。选项A，失望；选项C，沮丧；选项D，沉默，均不符合原文大意。正确答案是B。愤怒。 知识模块：仔细阅读

Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning. One of the theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion. Lozanov’s

instructional technique is based on the evidence that the connections made in the brain through unconscious processing(which he calls non-specific mental reactivity)are more durable than those made through conscious processing. Besides the laboratory evidence for this, we know from our experience that we often remember what we have perceived peripherally, long after we have forgotten what we set out to learn. If we think of a book we studied months or years ago, we will find it easier to recall peripheral details—the colour, the binding, the typeface, the table at the library where we sat while studying it—than the content on which were concentrating. If we think of a lecture we listened to with great concentration, we will recall the lecturer’s appearance and mannerisms, our place in the auditorium, the failure of the air-conditioning, much more easily than the ideas we went to learn. Even if these peripheral details are a bit elusive, they come back readily in hypnosis or when we relive the event imaginatively, such as in psychodrama. The details of the content of the lecture, on the other hand, seem to have gone forever. The suggestopedic approach to foreign language learning provides a good illustration. In its most recent variant(1980), it consists of the reading of vocabulary and text while the class is listening to music. The first session is in two parts. In the first part, the music is classical(Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms)and the teacher reads the text slowly and solemnly, with attention to the dynamics of the music. The students follow the text in their books. The teacher’ s task is to assist the students to apply what they have learned paraconsciously, and in doing so to make it easily accessible to consciousness. While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates. We can, perhaps, attribute mediocre results to inadequate placebo effect. The students have not developed the appropriate mind set. They are often not motivated to learn through this method. They do not have enough ‘ faith’. They do not see it as ‘real teaching’, especially as it does not seem to involve the ‘work’ they have learned to believe that it is essential to learning.

6． The book Education Psyche is mainly talked about______. A．the power of suggestion in learning B．how emotion effects human beings

C．the importance of conscious mind on learning D．new ways of learning

正确答案：D

解析：主旨题。题干问，《心灵暗示教育》这本书主要谈论什么?根据书名定位于第一段，意为这本书着眼于激进的新式学习方法，描述了情感，想象力以及潜意识对学习的影响。选项D“new ways of learning”与“new approaches to learning”为同义替换。选项A为干扰项，虽然第一段最后一句提到暗示的作用，但却是这本书中的一个理论，以偏概全，故不选。 知识模块：仔细阅读

7． Lozanov’ s theory suggests that, we are more likely to remember______.

A．the purpose of our learning B．the topic of one lecture C．the content of a book D．those unimportant details

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据人名定位于第二段。文中提到 “If we think of a book westudied months or years ago，we will find it easier to recall peripheral details—thecolour，the binding，the typeface，the table at the library…”意为，如果我们回想前几个月或者前几年学过的课本，会发现我们很容易想起一些无关紧要的细节，如颜色、装订、字体或者阅读此书时在图书馆坐过的桌子。由此可推断，这些都是不重要的细节，即证实了本段第一句论点，大脑容易记住无意识状态下所作出的各种联系。选项A、B、C均为重要内容。 知识模块：仔细阅读

8． Why the author mentioned foreign language learning? A．Because of the popularity of foreign language learning. B．To disapprove the theory claimed by Lozanov.

C．To support Loanov’s theory about method of learning is scientific. D．To identify students’ IQ.

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。为什么作者提到外语学习?定位于原文第三段。第一句“Thesuggestopedic approach to foreign language learning provides a good illustration．”意为，外语教学中的暗示法便是很好的证明。即选项C，是为了证明暗示法的科学性。 知识模块：仔细阅读

9． What are the variables included in the example of suggstopedic approach in Paragraph 3?

A．Music and textbook.

B．Music and teachers’ speaking voice. C．Textbook and teachers’ speaking voice. D．Textbook and attention.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。题干意为，第三段暗示法的例子中包含的变量有哪些?根据第三段可知，在暗示教学法下，教师会伴随着音乐旋律来朗读课文。分成两部分．第一次是古典音乐配缓慢的语调；第二次是巴洛克音乐配平速语音。可知，其中的变量包括音乐与教师的语音。 知识模块：仔细阅读

10． Which one of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A．The suggestopedia approach has been famous to some extent in the field of language teaching.

B．Teachers prefer suggestopedia to traditional approaches.

C．The students have not been used to being taught in suggestopedia approach

yet.

D．Other teachers are unable to achieve the same success as Lozanov.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。文章最后一段，第一句意为，尽管现代语言教学里暗示法有了一定的名气，但很少有老师取得了与Lozanov和他同伙人那样显著的成绩。由此可推断，老师们并不是都宁愿使用暗示法而不是传统的教学方法，选项B错误。选项A对应最后一段首句前半部分。选项C对应最后一段第三句。选项D对应最后一段第一句后半部分。 知识模块：仔细阅读

With thunderclouds looming over the trans-Atlantic economy, it was easy to miss a bright piece of news last weekend from the other crucible part of world trade, the Pacific Rim. In Honolulu, where Barack Obama hosted a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders, Canada, Japan and Mexico expressed interest in joining nine countries(America, Australia, Brunei , Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam)in discussing a free-trade pact. Altogether, the possible members of the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP)(环太平洋组织)produce 40% of world GDP—far more than the European Union. The creation of a wider TPP is still some way off. For it to come into being its architects—Mr Obama, who faces a tough election battle next year, and Japan’s Yoshihiko Noda, who faces politics laced with passionate protectionism—need to show more leadership.Mr Noda’s announcement on November 11th that Japan was interested in joining the TPP negotiations was an exceedingly bold move. Signing up would mean dramatic changes in Japan, a country which has 800% tariffs on rice, and exports 65 vehicles to America for every one that is sent to Japan. Mr. Noda’s move could also transform the prospects of the TPP, most obviously by uniting two of the world’ s leading three economies but also by stimulating others. Until he expressed an interest, Canada and Mexico had also remained on the sidelines. Unwittingly or not, Mr. Noda has thrust Japan into a central position on a trade treaty in which free movement of everything except labour is on the table. Huge obstacles loom for Mr. Noda. He came into office in September casting himself as a peacemaker of Japan’ s warring political factions. Many of those groups are opposed to the TPP. Farm co-operatives, argue that it would rob Japan of its rice heritage. Doctors warn of the risks to Japan’s cherished health system. Mr. Noda will have to deal not just with opposition from rival parties but also with a split on the issue inside his Democratic Party of Japan. It is also a test for Mr. Obama’ s new strategy of coping with China’ s rise by placing American foreign policy more towards Asia. He must stand up to the unions in the car industry which have long complained about the imbalance of trade with Japan. He should energetically promote the potential gains for jobs of his pro-Asia strategy— both at home and abroad. America should also stress that the TPP is meant to engage and incorporate China, rather than constrain it.

11． What’s the good news according to the passage?

A．Many new countries have recovered from the economic crisis. B．Nine counties will join the TTP.

C．Canada, Japan and Mexico expressed interest in joining the TTP. D．Obama will win the next election.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据题干中的good news可以定位到第一段中的it was easy tomiss a bright piece of news last weekend from the other crucible part of world trade，thePacific Rim．In Honolulu，where Barack Obama hosted a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders，Canada，Japan and Mexico expressed interest in ioining nine countries，由此可知好消息就是加拿大、日本和墨西哥表现了加入环太平洋组织的兴趣。因此，正确答案是C。 知识模块：仔细阅读

12． What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A．Mr. Obama will face a tough election next year.

B．Yoshihiko Noda and Obama need more support from businessmen. C．Both Noda and Obama play important roles in widening TTP. D．The creation of a wider TPP is very easy to achieve.

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。根据题干中的the second paragraph可以直接定位到第二段For itto come into being its architects--Mr Obama，who faces a tough election battle nextyear，and Japan’s Yoshihiko Noda，who faces politics laced with passionateprotectionism--need to show more leadership，从这里可以看出奥巴马和Noda是环太平洋组织的建筑师，由此推测他们两个在扩大这一组织中扮演了重要角色。因此，正确答案是C。 知识模块：仔细阅读

13． What’s the influence on TTP if Japan joins it? A．It will greatly enhance its political influence. B．It will stimulate other countries to join it. C．Japanese export will be affected.

D．TTP will be more powerful in military field.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据题干可以定位到第三段中的Mr Noda’s move could alsotransform the prospects of the TPP．most obviously by uniting two of the world’s threeleading economies but also by stimulating others．从这句话可以看出日本的加入会联合世界上三大经济体中的两个，同时也会刺激其他国家加入。A选项不正确。是经济方面不是政治方面。B选项符合文章意思。因此，正确答案是B。 知识模块：仔细阅读

14． Which of the following is not among obstacles that block Japan’ s joining TTP?

A．Japan’ s warring political factions.

B．Farm co-operatives. C．Doctors.

D．All the members from the Democratic Party of Japan.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据题干中的obstacles和Japan可以定位到第四段中的He came into office in September casting himself as a peacemaker of Japan’s warring political factions．Many of those groups are opposed to the TPP．Farm co—operatives，argue that it would rob Japan of its rice heritage．Doctors warn of the risks to Japan’s cherished health system．Mr Noda will have to deal not iust with opposition from rival parties but also with a split on the issue inside his Democratic Party of Japan．由此可知障碍主要来自农业互助组织、医生、民主党。所以D项不准确，不是全部。根据原文可知民主党内部对此形成不同意见，即一部分人反对。因此，正确答案是D。 知识模块：仔细阅读

15． What’ s the passage’ s main idea? A．A wider TTP.

B．More countries will join the TTP. C．Obstacles in building a wider TTP. D．Benefits in joining the TTP.

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。这篇文章第一段讲了有几个国家要加入环太平洋组织．接下来的四段从美国和日本两个方面讲述该组织扩大存在的主要困难，所以主要讲的是扩大该组织存在的困难。因此，正确答案是C。 知识模块：仔细阅读

On November 16th a number of well-known musicians were on hand to help mark the launch of Google’ s new online music service. Although the internet giant is not planning to snap any necks, it would dearly like to break the vice-like grip that Apple has on the $6.3 billion a year digital-music business thanks to the success of its iTunes online store and devices such as the iPod. But doing so will not be easy. Google’s decision to launch its own music store is the latest firing in a wider conflict being waged by the giants of the tech world. Like spiders spinning vast webs, Apple, Amazon and Google are doing their best to create huge “ecosystems” of tightly linked electronic devices and online services that trap consumers and discourage them from switching to rivals’ offerings. Digital music has a special place in these systems because of its popularity and because Apple has shown that it can be a money-spinner too. Hence Google’s determination to take on Apple and Amazon, which is also developing an online-music business of its own. Earlier this year, Google launched Music Beta, a service limited to the American market that lets consumers upload songs to a digital “locker” on its servers and then listen to them on any PC with a web connection or any mobile device using the search firm’s Android operating system. This service will form part of the company’s broader Google Music offering. Another element of this is a new online music store that will be put in the Android marketplace.

Although it is a latecomer to the music market, Google hopes other bits of its ecosystem will help close the gap with its big rivals. In particular, it is betting that the rapid spread of Android devices will create a huge audience, and it will use its social network, Google, to help to drive sales: users who buy individual songs or entire albums from Google’ s digital store will be able to let their friends on Google play the same music once without having to pay for it. Google is also offering some songs from bands such as The Rolling Stones and Coldplay free in a bid to get people to try its new service. These advantages are not to be sniffed at. But they cannot disguise several weaknesses in Google’s strategy. The biggest weakness of these is that it has been unable to strike deals with all of the companies that dominate the music industry. The firm has signed agreements with Universal Music Group, EMI Group(which Universal has just signed a deal to buy)and Sony Music Entertainment, but has been unable to do so with Warner Music Group.

16． What’s the new project of Google according to the passage? A．A new online retailer. B．An iPod.

C．On line music service. D．The iTunes online store.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据题目问的是谷歌的新项目，可以定位到第一段中的OnNovember 16th a number of well-known musicians were on hand to help mark thelaunch of Google’s new online music service，由此可以直接看出新项目是发行新的在线音乐服务。因此，正确答案是C。 知识模块：仔细阅读

17． How does Music Beta function? A．People can download songs from it. B．People can update new songs via it. C．People can listen to music.

D．People can upload songs on it and then listen to it.

正确答案：D 解析：细节题。根据题干中的Music Beta可以定位到第三段中的Music Beta，aservice limited to the American market that lets consumers upload songs to a digital“locker”on its servers and then listen to them on any PC with a web connection or anymobile device using the search firm’s Android operating system从中我们可以看出这个服务器可以让消费者上传歌曲，然后就可以通过电脑或是手机听歌。因此，正确答案是D。 知识模块：仔细阅读

18． Which of the following cannot close the gap with Google’ s big rivals? A．Android devices. B．Social network.

C．Offering some free songs. D．Google’ s Music Beta.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据题干中的close the gap with Google’s big rivals可以定位到文中倒数第二段。从文中In particular，it is bering that the rapid spread of Androiddevices will create a huge audience，and it will use its social network，Google，to help todrive sales：users who buy individual songs or entire albums from Google’s digital storewill be able to let their friends on Google play the same music once without having topay for it．Google is also offering some songs from bands such as The Rolling Stones andColdplay free in a bid to get people to try its new service．可知前三项都可以缩短差距，D项是谷歌的产品，不是它缩短差距的策略。因此，正确答案是D。 知识模块：仔细阅读

19． What’ s the biggest weakness in Google’ s strategy?

A．It fails to sign agreements with all the dominant music companies. B．It lags behind Apple.

C．The competition from other tech giants. D．It’s a latecomer.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据题干中的biggest weakness in Google’s strategy可以定位到最后一段中的The biggest weakness of these is that it has been unable to strike deals withall of the companies that dominate the music industry。即它没有与主导音乐市场的所有音乐公司签约，因此，正确答案是A。 知识模块：仔细阅读

20． What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Google has no advantage.

B．There are still some difficulties. C．There are weaknesses in its strategy. D．Google will not succeed.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。题干直接提到最后一段，我们从这一段可以看到But they cannotdisguise several weaknesses in Google’s strategy，后面紧接着讲了它存在的缺陷，所以可以推断出还有一些困难需要克服，B符合。A项Google has no advantage与These advantages are not to be sniffed at相矛盾．不正确。C项There are weaknessesin its strategy不属于推断的内容。文中只是讲存在的问题，不表示谷歌的产品没优势，所以D项也不准确。因此，正确答案是B。 知识模块：仔细阅读