2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
16时态和语态（三）
考点六 过去完成时
1. 表示 “过去的过去”，即两个过去的动作相比较，发生在前的就用过去完成时，发生在后的就用一般过去时。
1. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. （2017北京）
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented B. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【答案】D
【解析】invent的动作发生在had之前，用过去完成时，wireless phones与invent之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选D。
2. When walking down the street, I came across David, who I _________ for years. （2016天津） A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 【答案】C
【解析】see的动作发生在came across之前，应用过去完成时。 3. — Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? （2015北京）
— Not really. She _______ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
A. was to give 【答案】B
【解析】give的动作发生在find之前，故用过去完成时。
4. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ______ my book in the cafe. (2015安徽) A. have left 【答案】B
【解析】leave的动作发生在realized之前，应用过去完成时。
5. I found the lecture hard to follow because it ______ when I arrived. (2014北京) A. started B. was starting C. would start D. had started 【答案】D
【解析】start的动作发生在arrived之前，故用过去完成时。
B. had given C. was giving D. would give
B. had left C. would leave D. was leaving
2. 过去完成时还可以和in/over/for the past … years 或for，since引起的时间状语连用，表示过去某一时间 的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间。
1. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ______ in the mountains for two days. （2018北京） A. are trapping 【答案】D
【解析】叙述过去的事情，且trap的动作发生在risked之前，再由时间状语for two days可知，应用过去完成时。
2. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ____ in the past two years. (2018江苏) A. had been carried out C. is being carried out 【答案】A
【解析】叙述过去的事情，且carry out的动作发生在was sent之前，再由时间状语in the past two days可知，应用过去完成时。
3. When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _____ for years. (2016天津) A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 【答案】C
【解析】叙述过去的事情，且see的动作发生在came之前，再由时间状语for years可知，应用过去完成时。
3. 在“by+过去时间”作状语的句子里，多用过去完成时。
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college. (2011辽宁) A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated 【答案】D
【解析】由时间状语by the time Jack returned home from England可知，应用过去完成时。
4. 在“hardly…when…(刚……就……), no sooner…than…(刚……就……)”结构中，主句谓语动词用过去完成时（且用倒装语序）。
1. Hardly ______ the stadium in a rush when the newly-elected mayor finished his speech. (2012全国) A. we have reached B. have we reached C. had we reached D we had reached 【答案】C
【解析】在“hardly…when…(刚……就……)”结构中，主句谓语动词用过去完成时（且用倒装语序）。 2. — Did Linda see the traffic accident?
B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
B. would be carried out
D. has been carried out
— No, no sooner __________ than it happened. （2006天津） A. had she gone 【答案】A
【解析】在no sooner…than…(刚……就……)”结构中，主句谓语动词用过去完成时（且用倒装语序）。 5. 在“This/That/It was the first/second/third…time + （that）…”句型中，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the third time that the boy _________ late. So his teacher got very angry. A. have been B. was C. had been D. was being 【答案】C
【解析】在“This/That/It was the first/second/third…time + （that）…”句型中，从句的谓语动词 用过去完成时。
5. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think, expect等用过去完成时表示过去的希望、愿望、企图没有实现，或表示本来打算做的事而没有做。
B. she had gone
C. has she gone
D. she has gone
I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. （2019天津） A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope 【答案】A
【解析】句意：我本来希望送皮特一个礼物，以祝贺他结婚，但是没有做到。Hope表示“原来希望”时，用过去完成时。
考点七 一般将来时和过去将来时
1. 一般将来时表示即将发生的事情。
1. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts______ with success in the end. （2016北京）
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded 【答案】D
【解析】由语境可知，and后面的分句表示将来的事情，应用一般将来时；Efforts与reward之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
2. More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. （2016江苏）
A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made
【答案】D
【解析】由in the years ahead可知，应用一般将来时；efforts与make之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。 3. — Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. — All right. I ______ him later. （2015北京） A. will call 【答案】A
【解析】由语境及时间状语later可知，应用一般将来时。
4. It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come. (2015安徽) A. will be building 【答案】B
【解析】根据in years to come可知，应用一般将来时。 5.— What time is it?
— I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you. （ 2014北京）
A. check 【答案】C
【解析】由语境可知，应用一般将来时。
2. 在“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，陈述句常用一般将来时。
Close the door of fear behind you, and you _____ the door of faith open before you. (2012湖南) A. saw 【答案】C
【解析】这里是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，陈述句用一般将来时。 3. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看即将发生的动作或存在的状态。 1. —Oh dear, you are all wet. (2012北京)
—I didn’t bring my umbrella. The weather report said it ______ sunny. A. is 【答案】B
【解析】预报肯定是指将来，主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句应用过去将来时。 2. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition? (2011上海) A. would sign 【答案】A
B. have called C. call D. will be calling
B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
B. checked C. will check D. would check
B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing
B. would be C. will be D had been
B. signed C. have signed D. had signed
【解析】预测肯定是预测将来，主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句应用过去将来时。 4. be going to do, be to do, be about to do也可以表示将来的动作。
1. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he ________ the first black president of the United States of America. (2015陕西)
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became 【答案】A
【解析】was to be become表示过去将来。句意：奥巴马上大学的时候不知道自己会成为美国第一个黑人总统。
2. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______. (2010 全国I) A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made 【答案】C
【解析】was to be made表示过去将来。
3. When he __________ the door, he found his keys were nowhere. (2009湖南) A. would open B. opened 【答案】D
【解析】句意：他正要开门的时候，却到处找不到钥匙。was to open the door表示过去将来，意为“正要开门”。
巩固练习：
1. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold. A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting 【答案】C
【解析】by the time引导的状语从句用现在完成时表示将来完成，故主句用一般将来时。
C. had opened D. was to open
2. —Do you think Mom and Dad ______ late? —No. Swiss air is usually on time.
A. were B. will be C. would be D. have been 【答案】B
【解析】由语境可知，这里表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。
3. Experiments of this kind ______ both by the US and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 【答案】D
【解析】由时间状语before the Second World War可知，谓语动词表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时；experiment和conduct是被动关系，应用被动语态。 4. — What do you think of store shopping in the future?
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____. A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced 【答案】C
【解析】but连接两个并列句，都表示将来，且表示被动，故用一般将来时的被动语态。 5. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ____if for a very long time. A. has had. 【答案】B
【解析】have的动作发生在sell之前，故用过去完成时。
6. I'm tired out. I ______ all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping 【答案】D
【解析】由语境可知，一个下午都在买东西，而且还没买完，还在买，故用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直持续的动作。
7. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______ by science. A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made 【答案】D
【解析】由时间状语in the near future可知，应用一般将来时；再由by since可知，应用 被动语态。
B. had had C. has D. had
8. We are confident that the environment ______by our further efforts to reduce pollution. A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved 【答案】B
【解析】由by our further efforts to reduce pollution可知是表示将来；the environment与improve之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
9. He __________ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. A. has learned 【答案】D
【解析】主句谓语动词的动作发生在从句动作之前，故用过去完成时。 10. If their marketing plans succeed, they __________ their sales by 20 percent.
A. will increase C. have increased 【答案】A
【解析】从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
B. have been increasing D. would be increasing
B. would have learned
C. learned
D. had learned
