上海宁区2022年高考英语一模试卷(含答案)

（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decidewhich one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A.$10.                      B. $20.                         C. $25.                         D. $50.

2. A. Join a walking club.                                  B.Find another lift.

C. Take the lift.                                                D.Walk upstairs.

3. A. He is sensitive.                                         B. He is rude.

C. He is determined.                                         D. He is frank.

4. A. Breakfast time.                                         B.Telephone service.

C. Room number.                                             D.Business hours.

5. A. Buy some food.                                        B.Attend to her father.

C. Go to a cafeteria.                                          D.Send her father to hospital.

6. A. He is looking fora new job.                       B. He is unwilling to work.

C. He has recently lost his job.                           D. He is a diligent person.

7. A. He has received several offers.                   B. He regrets turning down the offer.

C. He takes business trips frequently.                  D. He dislikes being away from home.

8. A. They are dissatisfied with it now.                B.They are delighted at its French food.

C. They are glad to see its new manager.             D. They are unhappy with the prices of its food.

9. A. They were not part of the campus.               B. They are surrounded by trees.

C. They were rebuilt in the 1500s.                      D. They have a long history.

10. A. The man should be working on his project.

B. The man needs to relax at the weekend.

C. She is worried about her project.

D. She is uninterested in surfing.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paperand decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13are based on the following passage.

11.A. A special school.

B. An important decision.

C. A new education policy.

D. A typical teaching method.

12. A. Parents.               B. Students.                  C. Kitchen staff.            D. Cleaners.

13. A. It has no time table at all.

B. Teachers give no homework.

C. It imposes its system onto students.

D. Students have their say in how to run it.

Questions 14 through 16are based on the following passage.

14. A. People used the stoves less often.

B. Outdoor air pollution was not that serious.

C. Indoor air pollution was related to the way of cooking.

D. An increasing number of trees were cut down every year.

15. A. Taking advantage of greener energy.

B. Building a base in the Himalayas.

C. Depending on animal waste for fuel.

D. Finding land covered with forests.

16. A. It was resistant to water.

B. It was easy to pack and move.

C. It worked well on rainy days.

D. It looked like a pot or a pan.

Questions 17 through 20are based on the following conversation.

17. A. He is acollector.                                     B.He is an environmentalist.

C. He is studying China.                                    D. He ispromoting animal protection.

18. A. For six years.                                          B. Forseven years.

C. For thirty years.                                            D.For fifty years.

19. A. He has 500 ofthem.

B. He got them fromsecond-hand shops.

C. He gave some of themto his friends.

D. He spared a room forthem.

20. A. His friendsrequested him to start the club.

B. China elephants enjoya relatively long history.

C. Little informationabout china elephants was available.

D. He wanted to keep intouch with other elephant lovers.

II. Grammar andVocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.

Accenting Accents

To be a “slasher”, a person with multiple occupations, is a recent popular concept among young Chinese. However,Xu Kaifei （2）（do）this since 20 years ago.

Born and brought up in Haikou,Hainan Province in South China, Xu is a now new media journalist. But the36-year-old, （22）______ stage-name is Jin’anzai, is better known as a rapper（说唱歌手）.

Xu’s high school years were filled with pop songs from Hong Kong, （23）______（write）in the Cantonese dialect, which is mostly spoken in south China, including HongKong. （24）______（listen）to them, he realized that few people used the Hainan dialect to write songs. In2008, he wrote a rap song, Domldoml, meaning （25）______to do in Hainanese.

“Hainanese is not a systematic language. It is difficult to rhyme（押韵） when rapping. But theartist wrote good words. Also, the genre（类型） of this song is advanced, many years ahead of today’s Hip Hop trend,” a music fan posted on NetEase Cloud Music, a music platform set up by Internet technology giant NetEase, commenting （26）______ Xu’s effort.

（27）______Xu’s social media account has only about 26,000 followers, much less than famous pop stars’ accounts, he is still proud of his music because （28）______records his hometown’s beautiful dialect. Over 80 percent of the population inHainan speak Hainanese, according to the website of the Hainan Provincial Government. In 2019, over 9 million people （29）______（estimate）to live in Hainan.

Today, more and more songs and films are including dialects. It not only creates an artistic effect but also guides dialect speakers （30）______（rediscover）their language. Such artistic offerings can break geographical limitations and win the appreciation of people in other areas.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. abandoned                B. adventure                 C. allow                       D. appreciate

E. curving                    F. effortlessly                G. exploring                 H. outlines

Located off the southern coast of Spain, the island of Mallorca is often praised as one of the jewels of the Mediterranean. As the Spanish royal family’s preferred summer vacation spot,Mallorca    31    charms visitors with its beautiful villages and mountains covered in orange and lemon trees.

Since it is a(n)    32    small island, Mallorca is best seen by bicycle. The Serra de Tramuntana Mountain range runs along the island’s north-western coast and covers nearly 30 percent of the island’s    33   ,which makes it a cyclist’s dream.The    34    roads that cross the tall peaks and rocky cliffs provide some of the most challenging cycling on the island.

However, most of the island’s visitors come to see Mallorca’s splendid coast. Though there are several busy beach resorts built specifically for tourists, you’re better off    35    the 260 beaches around the island on your own.Along the south coast, you’ll find white sands and clear blue waters seemingly made just for diving. In the east, keep an eye out for hidden bays that    36    for peaceful swimming even in high season.

Although Mallorca’s beaches have been its main attraction for many years, more recently, visitors have begun to appreciate the island’s cultural attractions too. Many of Mallorea’s grand old houses and    37    farms are being turned into resorts where visitors can enjoy the relaxed lifestyle of the Mallorcan countryside.

Palma, Mallorca’s lively capital,is also home to many museums, historic buildings, and galleries. Here you’ll be able to    38    paintings by great Spanish master such as Picasso, Dali, and Miro, whose former house in the city’s western district is open to visitors.

As the day    39    down, spend an evening enjoying a freshly caught supper in one of Palma’s oceanfront restaurants while taking in a beautiful Mallorcan sunset. What better way to wrap up your Spanish    40   ?

III. ReadingComprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Hugely ambitious in scope, The Lord of the Rings occupies an uncomfortable position in 20th century literature. This book of J.R.R.Tolkien’s poses a challenge to modern literature and its defenders. (Tolkien on his 41: “Some who have read the book, or at any rate have reviewed it, have found it boring, ridiculous, or annoying; and I have no cause to complain, since I have similar opinions of their works, or of the kinds of writing that they evidently    42   .”)Yet The Lord of the Rings has enjoyed massive and enduring popularity. It would seem that Tolkien’s work supplied something that was    43    among the formal innovations of 20th century fiction, something for which readers were hungry. But what was it, and why was it important?

It seems that the key point lies in Tolkien’s wholehearted rejection of modernity and modernism. This is what so powerfully    44    some readers, and just as powerfully drives away others. In his book J.R.R.Tolkien:Author of the Century, T.A. Shippey expands on this idea by arguing that Tolkien saw his story of Middle-earth not as fiction or invention, but as the    45    of something genuine that had become buried beneath the fairy tale and nursery rhythm.

“However fanciful Tolkien’s creation of Middle earth was,” Shippey writes, “he did not think that he was entirely   46  . He was ‘reconstructing’, he was harmonizing conflicts in his source-texts, sometimes he was supplying entirely new concepts, but he was also reaching back to an imaginative world which he believed had once really    47   ,at least in a collective imagination.”

The book is also deeply grounded in Tolkien’s linguistic expertise （语言专长）—he    48    whole languages for his characters. Sometimes he became so absorbed in the creation of languages, in fact, that he    49    the story itself for months or years at a time, believing he could not continue until some inconsistency（不一致）in his invented world had been resolved. But Tolkien’s great intellect and knowledge is not the source of his    50   ;without his storytelling gift, The Lord of the Rings would be little more than a curiosity. And this gift seems to originate straight from his    51    to break from classical and traditional forms.

Tolkien himself often spoke of his work as something ‘found’ or ‘discovered’, something whose existence was    52    of him. It’s wise to be careful with this sort of interpretation, but it seems    53    that he believed his work to be something given, something revealed, which contained a kind of truth beyond measure.    54   ,his details have the weight of reality, and because of this his great sweep ofstory feels real as well; you might say that his    55    castles are built with a certain amount of genuine stone.

41. A. books                  B. critics                       C. readers                     D. ambitions

42. A. dislike                 B. challenge                  C. review                      D. prefer

43. A. common              B. possible                    C. missing                    D.funny

44.A. annoys                 B. influences                 C. attracts                     D. concerns

45. A. recovery              B. designing          C. analysis                    D. questioning

46. A. taking it down      B. making it up            C. turning it down         D.looking it up

47. A. remained             B. struck                       C. moved                      D.existed

48. A. spoke                  B. invented                   C. neglected                  D. recalled

49. A. put aside             B. set up                       C. look into                  D.get along

50.A. style                    B. tension                     C. success                     D. tradition

51. A. decision              B. request                     C. struggle                    D.refusal

52. A. representative      B. independent              C. conscious                  D.thoughtful

53. A. clear                   B. weird                       C. unfair                       D. pitiful

54. A. As a result           B. On the contrary        C. Even so                   D. What’s worse

55.A. ancient                B. broken                     C. imaginary                 D.foreign

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

（A）

It was one of the most destructive days in the history of our planet, and now we know how it played out.Scientists have pieced together the first day of the dinosaurs’ extinction, by drilling into the crater （火山口） that formed from the asteroid （小行星） that caused their downfall.

The asteroid, which led to the extinction of all dinosaurs that can’t fly, crashed into the Gulf of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula some 66 million years ago. In 2016, a scientific drilling project by the International Ocean Discovery Program got rocks from the impact site, which has been underwater for a long time. Now, scientists have analysed these rocks to travel back in time to that particular day itself.

“It’s an expanded record of events that we were able to recover from within ground zero,” said Dr Sean Gulick, a geophysicist at the University of Texas at Austin and leader of this study. “It tells us about impact processes from an eyewitness location.”

In just 24 hours following the impact, a layer of material 130m thick was deposited. This include charcoal,which provides evidence for the intense wildfires that are thought to have been caused by the crash.

Meanwhile, the impact also led to a huge tsunami, an extremely large wave in the sea caused by an earthquake, as evidenced by layers of rocks and sand in the core samples, which appear to have been deposited by flooding waters.

One thing conspicuously missing from the samples, though, is the element of sulphur （硫磺）.Although the surrounding area is full of sulphur-rich rocks, the crater isunusually sulphur-free. This supports the idea that the asteroid impact instantly vaporised sulphurous rocks, releasing the sulphur into the atmosphere, where it remained and reflected away the Sun’s light, cooling theEarth’s climate.

Although the impact had destructiveeffects on a regional level, it’s this large-scale global cooling that’s thoughtto be behind the dinosaurs’ eventual extinction, as well as that of countlessother plant and animal species.

“The real killer has got to beatmospheric,” said Gulick. “The only, way you get a global mass extinction likethis is an atmospheric effect.”

56. Dr Sean Gulick isquoted in paragraph 3 in order to ______.

A. stress the impact ofthe crash

B. illustrate thesignificance of their study

C. explain what they didin their study

D. state the reason fordinosaurs’ death

57. The word “conspicuously”（in paragraph 6）is closest in meaning to“______”.

A. obviously                 B. restlessly                  C. occasionally              D. potentially

58. Which of thefollowing is a cause of the dramatic drop in temperature mentioned in thepassage?

A. The tsunami.

B. The wildfires.

C. The vapourisedsulphur.

D. The deposit of rocks.

59. Which of thefollowing might be the best title of the passage?

A. Touching on thedinosaur’s time

B. Drilling into the daythe dinosaurs died

C. Why we need to studythe atmospheric effect

D. What we should knowabout the history of our planet

（B）

WhatAre the Limits of Human Endurance?

Paragraph 1:______

When it comes to running, how farand how fast you can go is determined by a number of physical factors,including your VO2 max (the volume of oxygen you can pump round yourbody) and your lactate （乳酸盐） threshold, which is thepoint at which your body produces more lactate than it can break down （abuild-up of this chemical makes you run less efficiently）.Some of this is genetic, some of it comes from training. But in recent years,sports scientists have also come to recognise the importance of mentalstrength. The longer you run, the more important a well-thought-out mentalstrategy is. Common strategies for coping with pain include motivational selftalk and distraction techniques to help block negative thoughts.

Paragraph 2:______

Thirty years ago, scientistscalculated that the fastest possible marathon, in perfect conditions and with theperfect athlete, would be 1 hour 58 minutes. And we’re getting close. ThisSeptember, Kenyan long-distance runner Eliud Kipchoge set a new world record of2:01:39 at the Berlin Maraton—a race ideally suited tofast times because of its flat course, few corners, and typically good weatherconditions. Sports physiologists think that the two-hour limit could be brokenin the next few decades, as a bigger talent pool of runners, plus advances intraining technology, create ever more ideal combinations of athlete and runningconditions.

Paragraph 3:______

Long-distance running stresses thebody; recent research from the University of the Peloponnese in Greece foundthat post-race levels of inflammation（炎症） in the blood of ultraendurance runners （those who run raceslonger than a marathon） showed similardescriptions to people with cancer or cirrhosis. However, over the next fewdays, the runners’ levels returned to normal, suggesting that they have aremarkable ability to recover after an extreme workout. Good training is partlyabout helping you know when, for instance, you’ve crossed the line from ‘goodpain’ into ‘bad pain’.

60. Match each paragraphwith one of the following questions, and then make the choice.

①Is endurance in themind or in the muscles?

②Isendurance running bad for you?

③Will endurance runningbecome a hit?

④Will anyone ever run atwo-hour marathon?

A. Paragraph l:①;Paragraph2:②; Paragraph3:③

B. Paragraph 1:④;Paragraph 2:①; Paragraph3:②

C. Paragraph 1:④;Paragraph 2:②; Paragraph3:③

D. Paragraph 1:①;Paragraph2:④; Paragraph3:②

61. According to theresearch, how can distraction techniques help long distance runners?

A. By raising their VO2max.

B. By helping themconcentrate.

C. By lowering theirlactate threshold.

D. By preventing themfeeling discouraged.

62. What can be learnedfrom the passage?

A. Good training canhelp you find out your limits.

B. The world marathonrecord is 1 hour 58 minutes.

C. Marathon trainingtechnology hasn’t changed a lot.

D. Long distance runningcauses lasting harm to our health.

（C）

It seems difficult to explain thepersistent success of scientific theories at describing nature. I explore this challengein my book, What Science Is and How It Really Works. If the history ofscience teaches us anything, it is that the ability of a theory to predictunobserved phenomena and lead to amazing new technologies is no proof that saidtheory is “true”.

For example, Isaac Newton’smechanics enabled surprisingly accurate predictions of other astronomical phenomena,such as Halley’s comet （哈雷彗星） arriving later thannormal in 1759 due to the gravitational effects of passing close to Jupiter.Even more impressive, in the early 1800s when astronomers determined that theorbit （轨道） of Uranus failed to matchNewtonian predictions, they concluded that Newton’s theory was not wrong;rather, the existence of a previously unobserved planet was proposed and waslater found exactly where it was expected to be （and named Neptune）.

Such successes of the scientificrevolution were so impressive that philosophers developed whole new theories ofknowledge to try to explain how scientists appeared to have used observationand reason to discover fundamental truths. In doing so, scientists attempted todismiss what logicians have known for long: that no amount of correctlypredicted effects can prove a supposed cause.

But don’t the successes ofNewtonian mechanics prove that the laws Newton proposed must really be true? Otherwisehow could the theory have picked a single spot in the vast expanse of theuniverse and found exactly where Neptune was?

Things do not always work out thisway, however. In 1859, astronomers determined that the orbit of Mercury was notbehaving, over time, as Newtonian mechanics predicted. So another new planet （namedVulcan） was proposed. Unlike theprediction of Neptune’s existence, this supposition did not pan out;rather, Newtonian mechanics was an incorrect theory in this context. Adifferent scientific theory- Einstein’s theory of relativity—wasrequired to later explain Mercury’s movement.

So, what really helps credibilitymore? To insist that we know that atoms, black holes, and dark matter are realbecause of how many observations we can explain and predictions we can make bysupposing their existence? Or to simply admit that science cannot support aclaim of absolute truth regarding the abstract, unobserved scientific objectsand laws that are proposed to govern this world?

One could argue that if scientistsdon’t bang the gong （锣） of “truth”, then it mayonly quicken the dismissal of science as just another opinion. However, I wouldargue that this position does not give the intended audience enough credit, andthat claiming absolute truth does more harm than good, not only for the interactionof science with the public, but for the practice of science. If data areimportant to the sciences, then let us accept the historical data on scienceitself.

63. Which of thefollowing did the laws of Newton fail to provide accurate predictions for?

A. The planet of Mercuryvaried in its composition.

B. Halley’s cometarrived later than normal in 1759.

C. Neptune was locatedwhere it was expected to be.

D. The Sun had anotherplanet named Vulcan.

. Why does the writermention logicians in paragraph 3?

A. To introduce anotherway of scientific thinking.

B. To imply what mistakescientists may have made.

C. To make a comparisonbetween logicians and scientists.

D. To help explain thecause and effect of certain phenomena.

65. The phrase “panout”（in paragraph 5）most probably means ______.

A. appear                      B. be divided                C. shrink                      D. be proved

66. Which of thefollowing statements is the writer most likely to agree with?

A. Only by enoughobservations can a theory be proved true.

B. Never can we rule outthe possibility that a theory is wrong.

C. Einstein’s theory ofrelativity works better than any other theory in astronomy.

D. Newtonian mechanicsdoesn’t fit today s context because it was established long ago.

Section C

Directions: Complete the followingpassage by using the sentences ; given below. Each sentence can be used onlyonce. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. It made me realize  how ignorant I was.

B. Though she loved  her 86-year- old grandmother she had found it hard to visit her.

C. Both Karoline and  Nick found making the program life changing.

D. Afterward, both of  them described the “invisibility” of being old.

E. Then they had to  live each day, for a month. as an old person.

It took five hours every morning tomake Karoline and Nick look like elderly people in their seventies. They weregiven a synthetic wrinkled skin, false teeth. and false hair. They also worebody suits to make them look fatter and contact lenses to make their eyes lookolder. The discomfort of the makeup, the heavy suits, and the contact lenses （whichmade their eyesight worse） gave them a small tasteof the physical problems of old age. They were also coached to walk and speaklike people in their seventies.    67   .There was a video diary to record their experiences and hidden cameras torecord how other people reacted to them.

  68    Karoline was astonished to be ignored by someworkmen, who only hours before had been whistling at her when she had been anattractive young woman. Nick said, “I learned that how people treat you dependson what you look like.” On one occasion a bus driver treated him very rudelywhen he tried to pay his fare with a large bill. “I was amazed. He wouldn’thave talked like that to my young self.”

There is a point in the documentarywhen Karoline breaks down and cries. It comes at the end of a day out with hertwo new senior citizen friends, Betty and Sylvia. It is partly because shefeels guilty that she is tricking them, but mainly because she realizes thatthey are individuals, and not just members of what she had previously thoughtof as “the elderly.” “They were talking about real things and I feltunqualified. They had been through so much.    69   .It was as if I was seeing the young people inside them. Before I would havejust seen the wrinkles.”

  70    Nick said, “I’d never thought about gettingold before.” Karoline said, “The whole experience of living as an old personhelped me to understand them far better and also to understand myself. I feltin a way that they were just young people in an old body trying to deal withthe problems of old age. I’m not ready to be 73, but I’m not scared like Iwas.”

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the followingpassage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage andhow it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.

Brainpower:Use It or Lose It?

Where brainpower is concerned, theold rule of ‘use it, or lose it’ holds true from the start. Babies who receivelove and encouragement from their parents develop the neural （神经的）connections they need to get on in life. But what happens to those who fail toget this support?

It would be comforting to believethat such children escape long term damage by being too young to speak, or knowany different, but the evidence suggests otherwise.

At a recent meeting of the RoyalSociety of Medicine, the participants were shown slides taken with a powerfulscanner comparing the brains of ‘normal’ three-year-old with those who had beenraised in poverty or in orphanages. The work was done by Bruce Perry of theChild Trauma Academy in Houston, Texas. The scans showed that thefrontal-temporal areas of the brain, those responsible for personality andenabling a person to display and regulate emotions, showed little activity.

For years it has long been known toscientists that animals brought up in enriched environment have larger and morecomplex brains than animals that grow up in disadvantaged situations, soexperts like Perry assumed that the same would hold true for humans. However,it is only now, thanks to powerful scanners that allow this theory to be put tothe test, that the damage is clearly visible. Perry explains the reason for theabnormality is that the brain develops in a ‘use-dependent’ way, growing,organising and working according to experience. With the right stimulation, thebrain makes the connections it needs. Without it, synapses （突触）,junctions between the neurons used to transport the brain’s messages, actuallydissolve. “Negative experiences play a vital role in organising the neuralsystem in the developing brain,” says Perry; in other words, ill-treatment ininfancy leads to faulty wiring in the brain.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the followingsentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72.有时候孩子们的想法很值得考虑。（worth）

73.顾客们打电话来询问商店开门营业的时间。（inquire）

74.这不是员工认同的方法，也不是长久之计。（Neither…nor）

75.为了让运动员睡得安心，释放比赛的紧张压力，冬奥村为他们提供了可在四种模式之间转换的床。（In order）

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an Englishcomposition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，最近在学校英语报“Advice Column”上看到如下一则信息。给这位署名为“Worried”的读者写一封邮件，针对他的问题提出建议，内容须包括：

1）你的建议

2）你的理由

（信的开头已经为你写好。）

My best friend seems  anxious a lot. She bites her fingernails and always looks tired. I don’t  think she’s eating right, either, How can I convince her to take better care  of herself?

答案

I.Listening Comprehension

1.A2.C3.D4.A 5.B6.B7.D8.A9.D10.A

1l.A12.B13.D14.C15.A16.B17.A18.C19.D20.C

Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary

21.has been doing 22.whose23.written 24.Listening 25.what

26.on 27.Although/Though/While 28.it29.were estimated 30.to rediscover

31.F 32.133.J34.E35.G36.C37.A38.D39.K40.B

IⅢ. Reading Comprehension

41.B42.D43.C44.C45.A46.B47.D48.B49.A 50.C

51.D52.B53.A54.A55.C56.B57.A58.C59.B60.D

61.D62.A63.D.B65.D 66.B67.E68.D69.A70.C

Ⅳ. Summary

Research finds that children growingup without emotional support suffer from long-term brain damage. Scientistshave known that animals brought up in unfavorable situations have relativelysmall and simple brains. Now, owing to scanners, experts have confirmed that theprinciple fits the growth of human children because synapses disappear withoutproper stimulation.(52 words)

V. Translation

72. Sometimes, children's ideas arewell worth considering.

73. Customers called to inquireabout the opening hours of the store.

74. Neitheris this away that the employees recognizenor a long-termsolution.....

75. In orderfor theathletes to sleepat ease and release their tension of he competition, the Winter Olympic villageprovides them with bedsthatcanswitch betweenfour modes.