2020年广西民族大学翻译硕士英语考研真题A卷

Part I. Basic English Knowledge (30%)

Section A: Multiple choice (20%)

Directions: There are 20 multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.

1. Your advice would be ______________ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end.

A. exceedingly B. excessively C. extensively D. exclusively

2. The English 1anguage contains a (an)______________ of words which are comparatively seldom

used in ordinary conversation.

A. altitude B. latitude C. multitude D. attitude

3. If you plant two orange trees in one square yard of land, the trees' productivity __________________ decline. A. is related to B. is determined to C. is unlikely to D. is bound to 4Game pie was a (an)________________ of this famous . restaurant. A. singularity B. particularity C. specialty D. originality 5From the editorial we can gain a clear ________________ of the world's . thought.

A. prospective B. perspective C. prospect D. prosperity 6John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages ________________ in the . dictionary. A. missing B. losing C. dropping D. leaking 7. His long service with the company was ________________ with a present. A. admitted B. acknowledged C. attributed D. accepted 8. The young man was accused of possessing ______________ weapons. A. dead B. dying C. deadly D. deathly

9. Parents are apt to blame schools for the educational ______________ of their children.

A. boundaries B. confinements C. restraints D. limitations

10. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ______________ very little.

A. adds up to B. makes up for C. puts up with D. comes up with

11. ______________ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the

smooth development of production. A. What

B. That

C. It

D. As

12. ______________, Henry felt a great weight taken off his mind．

A. His duty was fulfilled

B. His duty fulfilled

C. His duty fulfilling D. His duty had been fulfilled

Only in growth, reform and change, paradoxically enough, __________________ to 13. be found. A. true security can B. can true security C. true security is D. is true security

14. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______________ all practical

value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost

C. might D. ought to have lost

15. We didn’t find ______________ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.

A. worth their while B. its worth C. it

worthwhile D. it worth

16. ________________ I like to do science, as a teacher I have to go over the

students' papers and theses. A. As far as

B. So far

C. In so far as

D. Much as

17. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ______________ his argument

in favor of the new theory. A. which to base on C. to base on which

B. on which to base D. which to be based on

18. ______________ was a well-known fact.

A. That their team being weak B. Their team as being weak

C. As their team was weak D. That their team was weak 19. The people is to the people’s army ______________ water is to fish.

A. what B. that C. as D. so

12. ________________ people and objects in this frontier painter’s works are often

Section B: Proofreading and Error Correction (10 %)

Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

To live, learn and work successfully in an increasing complex and information-rich society, students must be able to use technology effectively. Within an effective educational setting, technology can enable students to become able information users and effective users of productivity tools

Parents want their children to graduate with skills that prepare them to either get a job in today’s marketplace and advance to higher levels of education and training. Employers want to hire employees who are honest, reliable, literary, and able to reason, communicate, make decisions, and learn. Communities want schools to prepare their children to become good citizens and productive members of society in a technological and information-basing world. National leaders, the U.S. Department of Education, and other federal agencies admit the essential role of technology in 21st century education.

The challenge facing America’s schools is the empowerment of all children presented in a flat, abstract manner. A. If always able to recognizable C. Always can be recognized

B. While always recognizable D. Although can be recognized

to function effectively in their future, future marked increasingly with change, information growth, and evolving technologies. Technology is a powerful tool with enormous potential for paving high-speed highways from outdated educational systems to systems capable of providing learning opportunities, to better serve for the needs of 21st century work, communications, learning, and life. Technology had become a powerful catalyst in promoting learning, communications and life skills for economic survival in today’s world. Educational leaders are encouraged to

providing

learning

opportunities

that

produce

technology-capable students.

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Part II. Reading Comprehension (50%)

Section A: (30%)

Directions: There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices mark A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write our answers on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

What makes cells age? Wear and tear, yes. But biologically, says Dr. David Sinclair, professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, it is lack of oxygen that signals cells that it is their time to go. Without oxygen, the energy engines known as the mitochondria become less efficient at turning physiological fuel like glucose into the energy that the cells need to function. Eventually they shut down.

But in a paper published in the journal Cell, Sinclair and his colleagues describe for the first time a compound naturally made by young cells that is able to make older cells energetic and youthful again. In an experiment in mice, the team found that giving older mice a chemical called NAD for just one week made 2-year-old-mice tissue resemble that of 6-month-old mice (in human years, that would be like a 60-year-old's cells becoming more like those belonging to a 20-year-old).

As animals age, says Sinclair, levels of NAD drop by 50%; with less of the compound, the communication between the cell and its mitochondrial energy source also pauses occasionally, and the cell becomes easily hurt from common aging attacks — inflammation， muscle wasting and slower metabolism. By tricking the cell into thinking it is young again, with adequate amounts of NAD, aging can theoretically be reversed.

His next step is to put NAD in the drinking water of his mice, and see if they take longer to develop the typical chronic diseases linked to aging, such as inflammation, muscle wasting and cancer. The pathway may become an important target

for cancer researchers as well, since tumors typically grow in low-oxygen conditions and are more common in older patients.

Because NAD is a naturally occurring compound that simply declines with age, Sinclair is optimistic that boosting its levels in people won't have as many significant negative effects as introducing an entirely new compound might. \"If a body is slowly falling apart and losing the ability to regulate itself effectively, we can get it back on track to what it was in its 20s and 30s,\" he says.

31. What will not make cells age?

A. Oxygen. B. Wear and tear.

C. Lack of oxygen. D. Less physiological fuel.

13. What is the function of mitochondria?

To produce physiological fuel.

To turn physiological fuel into energy.

To create oxygen in people's body.

To produce cells.

14. What do we know about NAD?

It is an artificial compound.

It is made of young cells.

It can revive older cells.

It can be made in one week.

15. What will happen as animals become older?

Communication between cells disappears.

Levels of NAD nearly drop by half.

The metabolism of the cell becomes faster.

Their cell becomes vulnerable to common aging attacks.

16. Why does Sinclair think boosting levels of NAD won't cause many negative effects?

Because NAD is an entirely new compound to human's body.

Because NAD can resist chronic diseases linked to aging.

Because NAD has been successfully tested on mice.

Passage 2

Catastrophic volcanic eruptions in Europe may have culled Neanderthals to the point where they couldn't bounce back, according to a controversial new theory. Modern humans, though, squeaked by, thanks to fallback populations in Africa and Asia, researchers say.

About 40,000 years ago in what we now call Italy and the Caucasus Mountains, which straddle Europe and Asia, several volcanoes erupted in quick succession, according to a new study to be published in the October issue of the journal Current Anthropology. It's likely the eruptions reduced or wiped out local bands of Neanderthals and indirectly affected farther-flung populations, the team concluded after analyzing pollen and ash from the affected area. The researchers examined sediments layer from around 40,000 years ago in Russia's Mezmaiskaya Cave and found that the more volcanic ash a layer had, the less plant pollen it contained.

“We tested all the layers for this volcanic ash signature. The most volcanic-ash-rich layer—likely corresponding to the so-called Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, which occurred near Naples—had no [tree] pollen and very little pollen from other types of plants,” said study team member Naomi Cleghorn.“It's just a sterile layer.\" The loss of plants would have led to a decline in plant-eating mammals, which in turn would have affected the Neanderthals, who hunted large mammals for food.“This idea of an environmental cause for the Neanderthals' demise has been out in the literature. What we're trying to do is point out a specific mechanism,\" said Cleghorn, an anthropologist at the University of Texas, Arlington.

Other theories propose that modern humans played a vital role in the fall of the Neanderthals, either through competition, warfare, or interbreeding. If the volcanoes theory is correct the Neanderthals’ end was much more tragic: dying slowly

Because NAD naturally occurs in human's body.

in a cold and desolate landscape bereft of food sources. It’s hard to say what would have been like to be the last few groups out there, seeing other groups less and less over the years,\" Cleghorn said.

The Neanderthals were a hardy species that lived trough multiple ice ages and would have been familiar with volcanoes and other natural calamities. But the eruptions 440,000 years ago were unlike anything Neanderthals had faced before, Cleghorn and company say. For one thing, all the volcanoes apparently erupted around the same time. And one of those blasts, the Campanian Ignimbrite, is thought to have been the most powerful eruption in Europe in the last 20,000 years. \"It's much easier to adapt to something that's happening over a couple of generations,\" Cleghorn said. “You can move around, you can find other places to live, and your population can rebound.\" \"This is not that kind of event,\" she said. “This is unique.

There may also have been small bands of Homo sapiens living in Europe at the time, Cleghorn said. They too would have been affected by the eruptions. But modern humans likely avoided extinction because they had larger populations in Africa and Asia, she said, while most Neanderthals were in Europe around that time. “With their small population groups, Neanderthals did not really have a great source population,\" Cleghorn said. “They didn't really have the numbers and the density to rebuild their populations after the eruptions.

The researchers acknowledge that there are gaps in the volcanoes theory. For instance, the time line needs to be better defined—did the volcanic eruptions occur in a period of months, years, or decades? “At this point, it's impossible to pin down a reliable date\" for the eruptions, Cleghorn said. “We can't say that this eruption happened 50 years before the next eruption. We just don't have that kind of resolution.\" It's also unknown exactly how long it took the Neanderthals to die out—or how long after the eruptions modern humans began settling Europe in force,

she said.

Anthropologist John Hoffecker, though, suggests that modern humans had already begun crowding out Neanderthals in Europe long before the eruptions in question. Judging from discoveries of modern-human artifacts in former Neanderthal strongholds, Hoffecker said, \"Neanderthals were clearly in trouble well before 40,000 years ago, because modem humans were occupying certain places, such as Italy, where Neanderthals had been present. So something clearly had gone wrong there.\" Perhaps, he added, the volcanic eruptions just dealt the final blow. I'm not entirely convinced that's the case either,\" said Hoffecker, of the University of Colorado. “But at least that's a plausible scenario that's consistent with the chronology.\" Study co-author Cleghorn counters that the modern human populations living in Europe 40,000 years ago were small and isolated, and only after the Neanderthals were gone did Homo sapiens populations explode. If modern humans were making any forays into European Neanderthal territory prior to this, they were doing it only on the very margins,\" Cleghorn said. \"What was keeping them from moving very quickly into the heart of Europe? We think Neanderthals were still holding their own and might have held out for much longer,if it hadn't been for the devastating impact of these eruptions.\"

36. What does “bounce back\" mean in the first paragraph? A. Leap suddenly.

B. Recover from a terrible situation. C. Refuse to accept.

D. Come back after being refused.

37.What is the relation between Homo sapiens and modern human beings?

The word Homo sapiens is used to refer to modern human beings as a species.

Homo sapiens are a branch of Modern human beings.

Homo sapiens are the ancestor of modern human beings. Modern human beings are a branch of Homo sapiens.

38.According to the volcanoes theory, which of the following is NOT the reason for Neanderthals' extinction?

The loss of plants caused by volcano eruption led to a decline in plant-eating

mammals as well as Neanderthals.

The number of Neanderthals decreased due to modern humans' competition,

warfare, or interbreeding.

The lack of food sources led to the extinction of Neanderthals.

The Neanderthals were unfamiliar with and unprepared for volcanoes and other

natural calamities.

39. We can learn from the fifth paragraph all the followings EXCEPT that

A. The Neanderthals had once survived several ice ages and were experienced in coping with volcano eruptions.

B. The extinction of Neanderthals resulted from a succession of volcano eruptions.

C. The volcano eruption happening 40,000 years ago was the most powerful one in the history.

D. Neanderthals could not adapt to the sudden change of their surroundings.

40. The volcanoes theory cannot convince everyone because .

A. there are gaps in the volcanoes theory and the time line is not clearly defined B. modern humans had not yet spread into the heart

of Europe

C. modern humans were not as experienced as Neanderthals in coping with natural calamity

D. the population of Neanderthals was much larger than that of modern humans

Passage 3

If only the same could be said of electric bills. The price of U.S. solar power has dropped a whopping 70 percent since 2009, even as panels get smarter.

The figure, cited in a report this week from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, coincides with SolarCity's debut on Friday of what it calls the world's most efficient rooftop solar panel. The largest residential solar installer in the U.S. says its module can produce 38 percent more power than a standard one, yet costs less to produce power.

Not bad for an industry that had no large-scale U.S. presence just a decade ago. Photovoltaic panels currently contribute only about 1 percent of all electricity, but lower costs are helping fuel the expansion of large, utility-size projects.

As historic UN climate talks near, solar's latest strides are key in the worldwide race to slash carbon emissions by paring back dependence on fossil fuels.

“It is quite remarkable and exciting when you have this amount of growth, and an industry goes from basically being a hobby to a mainstream industry,\" says Peter Rive, SolarCity's co-founder and chief technology officer. (Rive's cousin and SolarCity's chairman, Elon Musk, is also seeking to boost solar's appeal to utilities with his recently launched Tesla battery system.)

The company's new panel \"takes solar a step further to be a cheaper energy source without requiring federal incentives such as the investment tax credit,\" Rive says.

That credit currently returns 30 percent of a solar system's cost to the buyer. Its looming expiration at the end of next year has lent urgency to the industry’s efforts to bring down prices. The Berkeley Lab report predicts a \"frenzied pace of construction over the next 15 months\".

Contracts to buy power from large-scale solar projects average 5 cents per kilowatt hour, according to the report, while electricity prices on the wholesale

market run from 3 cents to 6 cents per kilowatt hour.

The plunging cost of solar hasn't translated to lower electric bills so far: in most region seven ones with big solar plants—people are paying a bit more for power than they did a few years ago, because many different factors go into determining retail electricity rates. Rather, the trend means more of that power might be coming from carbon- free sources that are less subject to the price shocks of fossil fuels.

“While it's difficult to make a direct cost comparison between new solar projects and existing fossil fuel power plants,\" says report co-author Mark Bolinger, “Solar is getting to a point where it can compete with coal and natural gas for electricity in some places.\"

“Just a few years ago, that was much more of a stretch,\" he says.

The falling price of power from large-scale solar projects reflects the lower cost of building them. The report notes that cost fell by more than 50 percent between 2009 and 2014. At the same time, solar farms have seen a “notable improvement” in how much power they put out, thanks to better technology.

SolarCity is aiming to apply its own gains in efficiency and cost to the residential market when it begins production at its l-gigawatt facility in Buffalo, New York, in early 2017. Its new rooftop pane, which earned a rating of 22.04 percent efficiency in a third-party certification test, surpasses an earlier record set by SunPower, which has a high-efficiency model rated at 21.5 percent.

Another trend Bolinger called “encouraging”: Solar's reach is expanding. Most development has been centered in the Southwest, but Bolinger says big solar power contracts are cropping up in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, and Georgia—states that “haven't seen much solar development in the past to speak of\".

Of course, prices won't keep tumbling so steeply in the years ahead. What we

might see instead, Bolinger says, is that the market for solar will just continue to expand.

41.The following statements are the reasons for the dropping of the solar power price in the U.S. EXCEPT

the cost of solar power decreased.

the output of solar power increased.

the technology of solar power advanced.

the federal incentives towards solar power are favorable.

42.What can we learn about \"the investment tax credit\" in the passage?

The investment tax credit is one of federal incentives.

The investment tax credit is a long-term policy for solar power industry.

The investment tax credit always returns 30 percent of a solar systems cost to the buyer.

The investment tax credit will cause the price of solar power to rise.

43.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

Electric bills have dropped in the U.S. since 2009.

Solar power consists of the largest part of all electricity.

SunPower has developed the world's most efficient rooftop solar panel.

Most development of solar power has been centered in the southwest in the U.S.

44.A suitable title for the passage would be

Solar Power: A New Green Energy

Solar Energy Sees Eye-Popping Price Drops

Development of Solar Energy

Solar Energy: A Substitute for Fossil Fuels

45.What does the word “slash” mean?

A. reduce greatly B. increase greatly

C. reduce slightly D. increase slightly

Section B Cloze (20 %)

Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the

choice of an 46 should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 47 make several job choices during their working lives, 48 because most people

of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 49 position. The “one perfect job\" does not exist. Young people should 50 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 51 them for a field of work rather than for a single 52. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 53 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 54 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their life work on a hit-or- miss 55 . Some drift from job to job. Others 56 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.

One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 57 real or imagined prestige. Too many high- school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, 58 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 59. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white-collar” job is 60 good reason for choosing it as life's work. 61, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 62 of young people should give serious 63 to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 65 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.

46. A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation 47. A. however 48. A. entirely

B. therefore

C. though D. thereby

B. mainly C. partly D. largely

D. their

49. A. its B. his C. our 50. A. since 51. A. make 52. A. job 53. A. to

B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever

B. fit C. take D. leave B. way C. means

D. company D. with

B. for C. without

54. A. little B. few C. much D. a lot

55. A. chance B. basis 56. A. apply 57. A. our

C. purpose D. opportunity

D. turn

B. appeal C. stick

B. its C. your D. their

B. following

58. A. concerning 59. A. preference 60. A. a

B. any

C. considering D. disregarding

B. requirement C. tendencies D. ambitions C. no

D. the

61. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Nevertheless

C. minority D. much

D. Moreover

D. appraisal

62. A. majority B. many 63. A. proposal . A. towards 65. A. turns

Part III. Writing (20%)

B. suggestion C. consideration

B. against C. without D. out of

B. parts C. choices D. risks

Directions: Some people think diligence means nothing without opportunities, while other people hold that opportunities exist everywhere if you have knowledge and experience. Write an essay of about 400 words entitled “On Opportunity”. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

On Opportunity