新编英汉翻译下期5月30日分析解析

第2学期

1. 英汉翻译三部曲

如果把翻译工作不只当成理论研究而且当成具体谋生的职业或手段,除那些复杂的翻译理论和技巧外,还要遵循翻译三部曲的方法来进行翻译,入门更快,效果更好。

入门准备:

A. 译者在英汉翻译入门前必须掌握英语句子成分及其顺序:

并列句,复合句或并列复合句都是由简单陈述句(各定语和状语扩编成句子时又可形成复合句,并列句或并列复合句)组成的,而要理解英文原文,首先必须掌握英文简单陈述句各部分的语序和定语的位置： 每个陈述句最多可以由6个成分组成，各部分的顺序如下: 1 主语，2 谓语（或系动词），3 宾语（或表语），4 方式状语，5 地点状语，6 时间状语；时间状语6可以放在主语之前。 练习:

用正确的顺序把下列单词连接成句子并翻译成中文:

1. Games, played, yesterday, in their room, the children, quietly.

The children played games quietly in their room yesterday 参考译文: 昨天孩子们在他们的房间里静悄悄地玩游戏。

2. the little boy, an apple, this morning, ate, greedily, in the kitchen.

The little boy ate an apple greedily in the kitchen this morning 参考译文:今天早上这个小男孩在厨房里贪婪地吃了一个苹果。 3. Before lunch, the letter, in his office, quickly, read, he

He read the letter quickly in his office before lunch 参考译文:午饭前他在办公室里很快读了信。 4. A new school, built, they, in our village, last year.

They built a new school in our village last year

参考译文:去年他们在我们的村里建造了一所新学校。 5. This morning, a book, I, from the library, borrowed. This morning I borrowed a book from the library 参考译文:今天早上我从图书馆里借了一本书。

英语句子中定语的位置:

1) 在被修饰的名词前面: 名词,形容词,分词,动名词等短的修饰语

2) 在被修饰的名词后面:从句,短语(包括某些名词,如something等所要求形容词)等长的修饰语

3) 定语总是在被修饰语的前面或后面,在后面而又有一个逗号隔开的定语是非限定性定语,可能是对主句提

出补充资料或修饰前面的某一个名词。

并列句,复合句或并列复合句中的主句和从句(条件状语从句,原因状语从句,让步状语从句或结果状语从句等)

的顺序比较灵活,主要取决于作者的逻辑思维和强调重点。

B. 译者在汉英翻译入门前必须掌握中文句子成分及其顺序:

1 主语,2 时间状语,3 地点状语,4 方式状语,5谓语(在中文中,除动词外,形容词,介词等也可作谓语),6宾语;时间状语2和地点状语3也可以放在主语1的前面, 例如，这个小男孩今天早上在厨房里贪婪地吃了一个苹果。今天早上在厨房里这个小男孩贪婪地吃了一个苹果。 在这一顺序中,时间，地点状语和方式状语的位置与英文的不同,而且,在英文中,只有动词才能作谓语,而在中文中,除动词外,形容词,介词等也可作谓语,例如,她漂亮,他生气了.我们在教室里,用英文表示时, 则必须在这些形容词和介词短语前面加上系动词be, get 或 become等。例如,She is beautiful. He was (got 或became) angry.

新编英汉翻译下期课件 2

We are in the classroom.

练习:

1. 她昨天在家看电视时收到她哥哥的来信。

参考译文: She received a letter from her brother yesterday when she was watching TV at home. 2. 他们上周修这条路时才知道这块石头大。

参考译文: They happened to know that this stone is big last week when they were rebuilddidng the road. They didn’t know this stone was big until they rebuilt the road last week. 3. 这家公司去年非法在我们村建立了一家化学工厂。

参考译文: This company built a chemical factory illeagelly in our villiage last year. 4. 很喜欢音乐的那个先生很生气。

参考译文: The gentleman who likes music very much got very angry. 5. 他能用英语表达思想，而且说得很清楚。

参考译文: He can express his idea in English clearly.

复杂句字中的主句和从句(条件状语从句,原因状语从句,让步状语从句或结果状语从句等)中,条件状语从句和原因状语从句都放在主句前面,让步状语从句或结果状语从句可以放在主句后面。 1.1. 英译中

A,第一部曲: 理解英文原文

用已经学过的英语语法来理解英文句子原文,英文句子无论是并列句,复合句或并列复合句,都是由简单陈述句组成, 简单陈述句都包含一个概论,用来叙述一件事情,找出每个英文句子中的句子成分和它们之间的关系。根据这些成分和它们的关系来确定句子的意思,深入推测句子里面包含的意义,就可以全面真实地理解句子想要表达的内容。

B 第二部曲: 用中文再现英文句子想表达的意思

记住英文句子想表达的内容,丢掉英文语法这根拐杖,按中文简单句各部分的顺序从英文句子中找出这些成分,再用中文句子的下列语序来再现这些内容。

中文句子也是从简单陈述句开始,把简单句中的状语和定语扩编成句子,再加上条件状语从句,原因状语从句,让步状语从句或结果状语从句等,也就形成了从句,主句,复杂句等,要用中文表达英文句子中内容,必须掌握中文简单句中各个成分的顺序以及它们与英文中相应成分的区别:

中文简单句中各个成分的顺序: 1 主语,2 时间状语,3 地点状语,4 方式状语,5谓语(在中文中,除动词外,形容词,介词等也可作谓语),6宾语;时间状语2和地点状语3也可以放在主语1的前面; 中文的状语和状语从句往往都放在它修饰的动词或主句前面。 中文的定语总是放在被它修饰的名词前面。 C 第三步曲: 对中文译文进行逻辑分析

检查中文译文是否读得通,是否有矛盾,若有矛盾则必须回到第一部曲对英文原文进行反复推敲,直到消除矛盾为止;如果没有矛盾,则应对中文译文进行润色,不仅要使中文译文符合汉语规范又要使文字优美。

1.2 中译英

A 第一部曲,理解中文原文

全面理解中文句子,找出句子中 1 主语,2 时间状语,3 地点状语,4 方式状语,5谓语和6 宾语以及定语,如果中文句子是复杂的句子,则先要把主句和从句找出来,然后在找各个单句的成分。

B 第二部曲, 用英文再现中文句子想表达的意思

完全丢掉中文语法规则,用英文简单陈述句的各部分的顺序规定将相应的中文部分连接起来,对谓语或系动词

新编英汉翻译下期课件 3

进行时态或语态处理,做语态处理时,对主语和宾语做相应处理。翻译复杂句子时,需要按英文的习惯先确定各个从句和主句的位置。 注意!

时间，地点状语和方式状语在简单陈述句中的位置中文与英文的不同,而且,在英文中,只有动词才能作谓语,但在中文中,除动词外,形容词,介词等也可作谓语,例如,她漂亮,他生气了.我们在教室里,用英文表示时, 则必须在这些形容词和介词短语前面加上系动词be, get 或 become等。例如,She is beautiful. He was (got 或became) angry. We are in the classroom.

C 第三步曲: 对英文译文进行逻辑分析

读一读英文译文是否通顺,检查句子各部分是否符合英语中对各成分顺序的规定,即1 主语，2 谓语（或系动词），3 宾语（或表语），4 方式状语，5 地点状语，6 时间状语；时间状语6可以放在主语之前。并列句,复合句或并列复合句中的主句和从句(条件状语从句,原因状语从句,让步状语从句或结果状语从句等)的顺序比较灵活,主要取决于作者的逻辑思维和强调重点。然后对英译文句子进行改进,例如将某些从句改成分词短语或介词-动名词短语,调整某些状语的位置等。

为了翻译出规范的译文,译者必须尽可能多地掌握其它关于英汉和汉英翻译的书籍介绍的方法和技巧。例如新编英汉翻译教程:

2. 第6章(P.) 翻译的基本技巧(P)

所谓的翻译技巧就是对语言差异的”灵巧”处理。 2.1 转性与变态(P)

转性就是转换词性,翻译中的词性转换是没有的,比如名词可以转换成动词,形容词,副词等;动词可以转换成名词,形容词,副词等;形容词,副词也可以转换出名词,动词等。

翻译练习及参考译文:

1. The happiness of having such a sister was their first effusion, and the fair ladies mingled in braces and

tears of joy.

Effusion=（感情）迸发, 溢出；泻出; fair=美丽的

两位美丽的小姐一知道对方要成为自己的姐妹,都高兴得无以言表,只有一次次地拥抱在一起,眼睛里充满了喜悦的泪花。

(例句2原文页)

3. It is my conviction that though men may be no more wicked than they always bave been, they seem less likely to be ashamed.

我相信,人们尽管可能没有以前那样缺德,但还是不太可能会感到羞耻。 (例句4和5见原文65页)

Week 2:

变态就是改变语态,a.将英语的被动语态翻译成中文的主动语态;b, 将英语的被动语态翻译成中文的被动语态,即a)不带被动意义的标记和b)带被动意义的标记,中文中常见的被动标记有被,由,给,把,让,受,为,遭,所,获,使,加以,予以,蒙等等。

翻译练习及参考译文:

6. They were attended from mornining to might by female helpers, wives and nurses and secretaries, 他们从早到晚都有女帮手,妻子,护士和秘书等侍候。

7. I was truly dumbfounded by this deep fury that possessed her whenever she looked at me.

新编英汉翻译下期课件 4

Dumbfound=使目瞪口呆; fury=愤怒；狂怒; possess=占有, 拥有, 持有, 摆布, 支配 她每次一见到我就勃然大怒, 使我目瞪口呆。

8. Blue jeans can be purchased pre-washed, pre-faded, and pre-shrunk for the suitably proletarian look. Blue jeans=蓝色斜纹布裤子, 牛仔裤; pre-washed=预洗; fade=褪色; shrink=收缩

人们可以买到经过水洗,褪色和缩水处理的牛仔裤,穿起来很像无产者。 (例句9,10,11,12,13和14见原文65-67页)

2.2 增补与省略(P67)

翻译时不能按英文原文的字数翻译,在根据原文所表达和内含的意思进行翻译时,必须用中文的结构和用词行文,这可能会增加或减少词汇,但增词不增义,减词不减义。 (例句15,16,17,18,19,20,21和22见原文67-69页) 翻译练习及参考译文:

1. 这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。

This plane is not big in volume, but low in price and pilotless.或 This aircraft is small, cheap and pilotless.

2. 实现这个目标易如反掌。(breeze=轻而易举的事)

Achieving this target is very easy.或

Achieving this target will be a breeze. (or: will be very easy.) Week 3

11. Fantastic Piece of Logic荒谬的逻辑 SydneyJ. Harris锡德尼J •哈里斯

One of the most fantastic pieces of logic I’ve ever seen in print is the rationale of capital punishment recently offered by Dr. George Crane1, the only syndicated columnist2 who signs himself, \"Ph.D., M.D.”

Fantastic=幻想的, 奇异的, 稀奇古怪的, 荒谬的; rationale=合逻辑的论据,根本原因; syndicate=联合辛迪加；capital punishment=死刑

Ph.D=哲学博士, M.D=医学博士, columnist=专栏作家 我在出版物中见到的最为荒谬的逻辑之一，是乔治•克莱恩博士最近提出的有关死刑的逻辑依据。此人是署名中自称“哲学博士、医学博士”的惟一报业辛迪加专栏作家。

He writes: “Clergymen should stress the fact that without capital punishment, there would be no Christianity at all. If Jesus had not been sentenced to death on the cross, how could there be any Catholic or Protestant churches today? So Christianity owes its very existence to capital punishment.”

Clergymen=教士,牧师, 神职人员; Catholic=天主教徒; Protestant=新教的, 新教徒的;

他写道：“神职人员应该强调这样一个事实：如果没有死刑，就决不会有教。如果耶稣不是被处死在十字架上，今天怎么会有天主教或新教呢？因此，教的产生应归功于死刑。”

With the use of this tremendous reasoning device, what cannot be justified in history? For instance, without the madness and despotism of King George I3, there would have been no American Revolution and no United States of America.

Device=方法, 手段,装置; despotism=统治,

运用这种绝妙的推理手段，历史上还有什么事情能说是没有正当理由呢？比如说，没有乔治一世国王的疯狂和，就不会有美国，就不会有美利坚合众国。

Many of the King’s advisers and members of Parliament were in favor of giving the colonies more freedom and self-government and lifting the harsh taxes that had been imposed on them.

Harsh=粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的

国王的顾问和国会议员中，不少人都赞成给殖民地以更多的自由和自治，并取消强加于殖民地的苛捐杂税。 But George I，who eventually went mad, bitterly resisted such advice, and clamped down on the colonists. So we

新编英汉翻译下期课件 5

should be grateful to insanity and despotism for resulting in the U.S.A. Ergo, insanity and despotism are good things, just as capital punishment is.

clampe down=取缔, 施加压力; insanity=精神错乱, 疯狂, 愚顽; Ergo=因此, 由是

可是乔治一世最终发疯了，断然拒绝这样的忠告，肆意压制殖民地人民。因此，我们应该庆幸是疯狂和导致了美国的诞生。所以说，跟死刑一样，疯狂和也是好事。

Let’s keep in mind, too, that the Inquisition in Spain4 was a marvelous thing — because it inaugurated the resistance to Roman Catholicism all over Europe, culminating in the Protestant Reformation. So without the Inquisition, there might have been no Protestant Church, which owes its very existence to religious repression.

Inquisition=调查, 探究, 审理, (中世纪天主教审判异教徒)宗教裁判所; marvelous=引起惊异的, 不可思议的, 非凡的; inaugurate=举行就职典礼, 创新, 开辟; Catholicism=天主教; culminating in=以...而终结; Protestant=新教徒, 新教的,

我们还要牢记，西班牙的宗教法庭也是件大好事——因为它引发了全欧洲对罗马天主教的抵抗运动，最终导致了新教改革。因此，没有西班牙宗教法庭，就不会有新教，新教的创立要归功于宗教。

Ergo, once more, Inquisitions are good, just as capital punishment is right, because they result in the creation of a new, reformed church. Praise be to all Inquisitors everywhere.

Inquisitor=宗教法庭审判官, 调查人，审讯人

所以说，就跟死刑有理一样，宗教法庭也是正当的，因为它们导致了一个经过改革的新教派的创立。应该感谢天下所有的宗教法庭审判官。

There is no limit to what the imaginative historian can do with this device, henceforth to be known as “Crane’s Equation.” Since most good things have arisen from the bad conditions that caused them, we should therefore support all bad things on the basis that they will stimulate truth, reason, justice, freedom, and reform.

Henceforth=从此以后；今后;

有了这一推理手段（以后就称作“克莱恩等式”），富有想象力的历史学家就无所不能了。鉴于绝大多数的好事都起源于恶劣的境况，我们可以因此支持所有的坏事，其根据是坏事能激发真理、理性、正义、自由和改革。

Slavery is excellent, because it precipitated the Civil War, and thus took the blacks out of bondage. Obviously, without slavery there could have been no Emancipation. Infectious and contagious diseases are marvelous things, too, since without them we never would have developed out anti-toxins.

Precipitate=使提前或突然发生：使发生; bondage=奴役, 束缚; Emancipation=释放, ; Infectious =有传染性的, 易传染的; contagious =传染性的;anti-toxins=抗毒素

奴隶制是了不起的，因为它引发了内战，把黑人从奴役中出来。显然，没有奴隶制，就不会有奴隶的。同样，传染病、触染病也是大好事，因为没有了它们，就决不会研制出抗毒素。

A man needs both a Ph.D and an M.D. to figure these matters out. I am eternally indebted to Dr. Crane for a whole new slant on history. (407 words)

figure out=算出,想出,弄清;Eternally=永恒地, 常常; indebted =负债的, 感恩的; slant=个人的观点或见解, 倾斜; 歪向

一个人需要既是哲学博士又是医学博士，才能悟出这些道理来。我要永远感激克莱恩博士，感谢他对历史提出了一个全新的看法。

本文作者锡德尼•」•哈里斯（1917-1986),美国报纸撰稿人和作家，其见解和言论经常被人援引。这里选取的是他的一篇反讽式的论说文。

1 George Crane:乔治•克莱恩（美国报业辛迪加专栏作家）。

2 syndicated columnist:通过稿件辛迪加在多家报纸上同时发表文章的专栏作家。 3 King George I:乔治一世（1660-1727,英国汉诺威王朝第一代国王）。

4 the Inquisition in Spain:西班牙的宗教法庭开始于15世纪80年代，其审讯、目标是犹太人和新教徒。这场残酷的先后持续了三百多年，直至19世纪初，西班牙才废除宗教法庭。 2.3 正译与反译(P69)

新编英汉翻译下期课件 6

肯定说法为正说,否定说法为反说,在翻译实践中,正说和反说可以保持,但也应该根据实际情况的逻辑关系进行转换。

翻译练习及参考译文:

23. Another person runs to avoid doing anything else, to dodge a decision about how to lead his life or a realization that his life is leading nowhere.

Dodge=躲避; realization=实现,领会; nowhere=无处, 到处都无,遥远或不知道的地方; 另一个人跑步是为了避免做事,不去盘算到底应该怎样生活,也不去想他的生活毫无着落。

24. They are of course all intending to be surprised;but their astonishment was beyond their expectation… 当然他们都预料到会感到吃惊,但却没料到会惊讶到这种程度。

25. He had an aversion to yielding so completely to his feelings, choosing rather to absent himself; and eating

once in twenty-four hours seemed sufficient sustenance for him.

Aversion=（常与to, for连用）嫌恶，厌恶; rather =宁愿;sustenance=营养物

他讨厌完全屈服于自己的感觉,宁愿不去吃饭,24小时吃一顿饭的营养对他好像就够了。 26. I knew her before I ever met your moter.

我没遇见你妈妈时就知道她了。或,我遇见你妈妈之前就知道她了。

27 Even so, I still insist that for the individual himself nothong is more important than this personal, interior

sence of right and wrong and his determination to follow that rather than to be guided by what everybody does or merely the criterion of “social usefulness”.

即使是这样,我仍然坚持,对他个人而言最重要的莫过于他发自内心的是非感和按这种是非感行事的决心了,他不随波逐流,也不仅仅按“对社会有益”的标准行事。

Week 4:

(例句28,29和30见原文70-71页) 2.4 抽象与具体(P71)

英语原文的抽象概念可以转换成具体概念,具体概念也可以转换成抽象概念。 (例句31见原文71页)

翻译练习及参考译文:

32.Again, therefore, she applied herself to the key, and after moving it every possible way, for some instants, with the determined celebrity of hope’s last effort, the door suddenly yielded to her hand. Apply oneself to=致力于; celebrity=声望, 名人,名声; yield to= .屈服于,陷入,服从

因此,她尽力搬弄着钥匙,用尽各种方法之后,她怀着一线希望又果断地搬弄了一会儿,门突然被她打开了。 (例句33和34见原文71-72页)

2.5 分句与合句(P72)

所谓分句法就是把原文某句话分解成两个或以上的句子进行翻译;而合句法就是把原文两个或以上的句子合并成一个句子进行翻译。

翻译练习及参考译文:

35. The day before I was to leave I went walking across the river to the red mesa, where many times before I had gone to be alone with my thoughts. Mesa=方山, 平顶山

离开的前一天,我又趟过河流去了红方山,我曾经独自到那里去过多次,想些事情。

36. I have every reason in the world to think ill of you. No motive can excuse the unjust and ungeenerous part

新编英汉翻译下期课件 7

you acted there. You dare not, you cannot deny that you have been the principal, if not the only means of dividing them from each other, of exposing one to the censure of the world for caprice and instability, the other to its derision for disappointed hopes, and involving them both in misery of the acutest kind.

. think ill of=看不起(轻视); motive=动机; unjust =不公平的，不公道的, 不正当的; ungenerous=胸襟狭窄的,吝

啬的, 吝啬的, 不宽厚的；principal=负责人, 首长, 校长, 主犯, 本金; means=手段, 方法, (单复数同形)可以指人或物; censure=责难, 谴责, 指责; world=世人,世界; caprice=反复无常, 任性, 怪想; derision=嘲笑; misery=痛苦, 苦恼, 悲惨, 不幸; acute=尖锐的, 敏锐的：

世界上我有充分的理由鄙视你。无论你有什么动机都不能原谅你在那里表演的既不正当又不不宽厚的角色。

如果他们两人的分开不是你一个人造成的,你就是主谋,让世人指责一方的任性和反复无常,让另一方因希望破灭而遭到嘲笑,使两人都陷入痛苦的深渊。这你不敢否认,也否认不了。 Week 5:

(例句37,38和39见原文73--74页)

翻译练习及参考译文:

1 两国运动员分手的时候，真有点念念不舍。(reluctant)

When athletes of the two countries parted, they were really reluctant to leave.或 The athletes of the two countries were reluctant to part at the end of the sports meet. 2 他出国前如饥似渴地学习英语。(热心= eagerness) He studied English eagerly before going abroad.或

He studied English with great eagerness before going abroad.

12. Now People and Then People追新派与守旧派/追新者与守旧者

Sydney J. Harris锡德尼J •哈里斯

“Don’t you want to be one of the Now people?” asks an ad for a new soft drink, going on to urge, “Become one of the Now generation!”

“难道你不想成为追新派吗？ ” 一则介绍新饮料的广告问道，接着又鼓动说：“来加人追新派吧！” “难道你不想成为追新族中的一员吗？ ” 一则介绍新饮料的广告这样问道，接着又鼓动说：“加人追新族吧！” The only thing I can think of that is worse than being one of the Now people is being one of the Then people. As a member of civilization in good standing, I reject both the nowness and the thenness of the generation. I opt for the alwaysness.

in good standing=遵守规章的(地),交清费用的(地), 声誉良好的(地); opt for=选择,赞成

我能想象到,比做一个追新派更糟的事情就是只有加入守旧派。作为文明世界体面的一员，我既反对当代人的追新行为,又反对他们的守旧行为。我赞成做一个随时派。

依我看来，比做一个追新者还要糟糕的惟一事情，就是做一个守旧者。作为文明世界还算合格的一员，我对当代人的追新思潮和守旧思潮，都表示反对。我赞成始终如一。

To be a Now person means to be wholly concerned with the present and the immediate future; to be involved in fads, sensations and the whole pulsating ephemera of what’s-going- on; to be perpetually on the qui vive (on the alert) for the newest, the latest, the coolest, the in. It also means to be insensitive to the past, to cut oneself off from the roots of tradition, to favor the sensory and the subjective over the rational and the real, to become a new kind of technological barbarian, which is more frightening than the old kind of preliterate barbarian.

Fad=时尚, 一时流行的狂热, 一时的爱好; be involved in =涉及, 专心; sensation=轰动, 激动; 轰动一时的人

新编英汉翻译下期课件 8

(或事物); pulsating=脉动的,跳动; ephemera= n.生命短促,瞬息, 只在短期内有用之物, 昙花一现的事物; perpetually=永恒地, 终身地; on the qui vive =警戒的；警惕的; in=流行, 追赶潮流的; insensitive=不敏感的，麻木不仁的; sensory=感觉的, 感官的; technological=工艺的,技术的; barbarian=野蛮人; preliterate=有文字社会前的

要成为追新派就是要只关注现在和将来发生的事情，只倾注于时尚、轰动和令人心动的瞬间事物，时时关注最新、最近、最酷、最时髦的事物;也意味着要对过去麻木不仁,将自己从传统中割裂出来，只支持感性的、主观性事物，反对理性的、实在的事物， 从而成为科技时代比文字出现以前的野蛮人还要可怕的新型野蛮人。

做一名追新者，意味着只顾眼前和不久的将来，倾注于时尚、轰动和令人怦然心动的一时潮流，无时无刻不在关注最新、最近、最酷、最时髦的事物。同时也意味着对过去麻木不仁,将自己与传统的根基割裂，喜欢感性的、主观性的事物，不喜欢理性的、实在的事物， 从而成为科技时代新型的野蛮人，这种人比文字出现以前老式的野蛮人还要可怕。

Week 6:

To be a Then person means to cling to the past for its own sake, to apply lessons that are not relevant today, to engage in a mixture of nostalgia, envy, rage, and fear toward “modem youth”，and to imagine that twentieth-century problems can be solved by sixteen-century moralism or eighteenth century politics.

Nostalgia=怀旧, 怀乡病;

要成为守旧派就意味着要盲目地守旧，要搬用与今天毫无关系的经验教训，要具有一种怀旧和对“摩登青年”的恐惧，愤怒和嫉妒交融的心态，要想象能用16世纪的道义和18世纪的政治来解决20世纪的问题。

做一名守旧者，意味着为了守旧而守旧，搬用如今不合时宜的经验教训，对“摩登青年”抱着一种怀旧、嫉妒、愤怒和恐惧的复杂心理，幻想20世纪的问题能用16世纪的道义和18世纪的政治来解决。

These are false alternatives, for they are not exclusive alternatives. There is a better way than either, and that is to be an Alwperson, transcending both the frantic cult of the new and the feeble cult of the old. This means selecting from both what is valuable, and discarding what is useless or harmful — which, of course, implies the ability to make such

judgments. It means, further, learning to discriminate between values that are permanent and universal and mere matters of convention or taste or the times.

Transcend=超越, 胜过; frantic=狂乱的, 疯狂的; cult=礼拜, 崇拜,一群信徒,; feeble=虚弱的, 衰弱的, 无力的, 微弱的; imply=意味, 包含,必须具备;discriminate=歧视, 区别, 区别待遇; convention=大会,习俗, 惯例; taste=味道,滋味,爱好, 嗜好; times=时代,时光,时间

不是只有这两种方式非选不可,还有一种更好,那就是做一个随时派，既不疯狂地崇拜新事物,也不盲目地信奉旧事物。这就意味着要从新旧事物中选用有价值的东西，丢弃无用或有害的东西——当然，这必须具备能做出这种判断的能力。这还意味着，必须学会对普遍的，永久的价值和仅仅涉及习俗,喜好和时尚的事物进行区别。

这不是两种非此即彼的选择，因为并非只有这两个选择。还有一个比这两者更好的选择，那就是做一个始终如一的人，既超越了对新事物的狂热崇拜，又超越了对旧事物的无力信奉。这就意味着从两者中汲取有价值的东西，丢弃无用或有害的成分——当然，这也意味着你要具备做出这种判断的能力。这还意味着，你要学会将普遍的、永久的价值与仅仅属于习俗、喜好、时尚的东西辨别开来。

The Always person does not throw out the baby with the bath water as the Now person does — who thinks that

because we have had a false and hypocritical morality in the past that therefore all morality is merely a matter of taste or

新编英汉翻译下期课件 9

preference. Nor does he, like the Then person, operate on the basis that everything that was true for previous generations is equally true and relevant today.

Hypocritical=伪善的，虚伪的; preference=偏爱, 优先选择

随时派不会象追新派那样连洗澡水一道把婴儿扔掉,追新派认为我们以前的道义都是虚情假意,所以一切道义只不过是人们的嗜好或偏爱而已;也不会象守旧派那样认为历代凡是正确的一切,在今天同样正确,同样适用,并以此为行为准则。

始终如一的人不会像追新者那样，将婴儿和洗澡水一起泼出去——追新者认为，由于我 们以前有过虚假、伪善的道德准则，因而所有的道德准则纯属个人的喜好与偏爱。始终如一的人也不像守旧者那样，行事总是抱着这样信条：对前人适用的今天同样正确适用。

Week 7:

Life is primarily the art of selecting and combining, not accepting or rejecting any philosophy in toto1. The Now generation rejects the past too categorically, just as the Then generation embraces it too hysterically. To be an authentic person, in any age, means in some way to surmount the age and stand for the kind of order that permits and encourages graceful change. (450 words)

philosophy =哲学,哲理;in toto=完全，全部，全然; categorically=绝对地; hysterically =歇斯底里地;authentic=可信的; surmount=战胜, 超越, 克服;

生活主要是选择与组合的艺术，不会全部接受,也不会全部排斥任何哲理。追新派对过去的排斥太绝对,而守旧派对过去的接纳太狂热。任何时代要成为真诚可信的人,就意味着都要用某种方式超越他所处的时代,支持那允许并激励美好变革的秩序。

生活主要是一门选择与组合的艺术，对任何哲理既不全盘接受，也不全盘否定。对于过去，追新族否定起来过于坚决，守旧族接受起来过于狂热。无论在哪个年代，要做一个真诚可靠的人，在一定意义上意味着，他要超越那个时代，支持那种允许并鼓励美好变革的秩序。

这是锡德尼• J •哈里斯写的又一篇小品文，也很发人深思。 1. in toto:(拉丁文）完全，全部。

3 第7章(P75) 克服翻译症(P75)

带有翻译症的译文是一种病态译文,主要表现在(a)语言不顺,既违背了中文语言的规范,又败坏了读者的阅读兴趣和b)语义不通,往往让读者不知所云,甚至把读者引上歧路。 3.1 照搬英汉词典上的释义(P75)

译者不宜生搬硬套英汉词典的释义,从词典中查到的释义必须根据原文句子内含的意思和中文的用词规范进行转义。

(例句1,2和3见原文75-76页)

翻译练习及参考译文:

1.When the lady ticket-seller saw me, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so.

sour=酸的, 坏脾气的; turn sour=发酸,令人失望,不受欢迎; violently=猛烈地, 激烈地, 极端地

女售票员看见我时,她平时颇有吸引力的面孔不见了。

新编英汉翻译下期课件 10

2.They draw no distinctions and recongnize no classes. They are American. Distinction=区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫

牛仔裤无论你从事什么职业,无论你属哪个阶级,只要是美国人都可以买。

4. It is far more than the look of disapproval one occasionally gets. This was so exaggeratedly hateful I could have been ammuzed if I had not been surprised. look =看, 注视, 脸色, 面容, 外表, :眼色，眼神;Disapproval=不赞成；非难；谴责; exaggerate=夸张; hateful=憎恨的：感觉显示仇恨的；充满憎恨的, 可恨的, 讨厌的, 可恶的

这比人们偶尔碰到的谴责目光凶狠得多, 凶狠得令我大吃一惊, 要不然我一定会感到可笑。

5 I wondered how she would feel if she learned that the Negro before whom she had behaved in such an

unlady-like manner was habitually a white man. Habitually=习惯性地,

她在一个黑人面前表现得太没有淑女风度,如果她知道这个黑人原来是个白人,真不知她作何感想。 Week 8:

(例句6和7见原文77页)

3.2 照搬原文的功能词(P71)

英语属形合语言(Hypotaxis, 即从属结构),句中词语或分句之间需要功能词加以连接,汉语属意合语言(意合,并列结构), 句中词语或分句之间往往不需要功能词加以连接。在英译中时,原文中的连词,代词和介词之类的功能词经常需要略去不译。

(例句8和 9见原文78页)

翻译练习及参考译文:

10 Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we. If it coud be made as complex as a human brain, it coud be the equivalent of a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.

当然,计算机如果造得非常复杂,就会和我们人一样具有创造力,如果像人脑一样复杂,就与人脑相差无几,可以做人脑能做的任何事情。

翻译练习及参考译文:

1 那天我终于看到了故宫里那些美能美奂的建筑。

That day I saw those magnificent buildings in the Imperial Palace finally.或 That day I saw the beautiful buildings in the Imperial Palace at last. 2 事实证明，你提出的措施是行之有效的。

Facts have proved that the measures you proposed are effective.或

The measures you proposed have been proved effective. 3 他说得太快，我们不能理解他的意思。

He spoke so fast that we could not understand him(what he said). 4天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。

It is so cold that the river has iced up. 5我只见到他的背影，认不清是谁。

I could not recognize who he was as I just saw his back.

新编英汉翻译下期课件 11

6地面潮湿，一定下过雨了。

As it is wet on the ground, it must have rained. 7话不投机半句多。 disagreeable talk

One word more is more than enough in a disagreeable talk. 8他老是见异思迁。

He changes his mind whenever he finds something better or beautiful. 9早知今日，何必当初？

Why did you do it before if you had known the result that would come today? Week 9:

13. The Pleasures of Reading读书的乐趣

Bennett Cerf贝内特•瑟夫

All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books — but we must know how to avail ourselves of this treasure and how to get the most of it.

wisdom =智慧;才智, 贤人;Delight=使…非常高兴; cheaply =不费力气的, 容易得到的, 便宜地;avail ourselves of=利用

历代的一切智慧,各世纪给人类带来欢乐的所有故事我们都可以从书籍封面中找到,既容易又廉价---但我们必须知道怎样才能利用这些宝藏,怎样才能从中获益最多。

人类历来的聪明才智，世世代代所喜欢的故事，人人皆可从书本里获得，既方便又经济一一但我们必须懂得如何利用这些宝藏，懂得如何才能从中获益最多。

I am most interested in people, in meeting them and finding out about them. Some of the most remarkable people I’ve met existed only in a writer’s imagination, then on the pages of his book, and then, again, in my imagination. I’ve found in books new friends, new societies, new worlds.

我对人最感兴趣,喜欢与人交往,喜欢了解人。我所见到的杰出的人中,有些只存在于作者的想象中, 存在于他的书中,然后又出现在我的想象中。我从书中找到了新朋友,新社交圈子,新的世界。

我对人特感兴趣，喜欢与人交往，了解人。我所认识的最了不起的人中，有些起先只存在于作者的想象之中，继而出现在他的书中，最后又活跃在我的想象之中。我从书中找到了新的朋友，新的社交圈子，新的世界。

If I am interested in people, others are interested not so much in who as in how. Who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundred centuries in the future all the way back to the first figures in history. How covers everything from the ingenious explanations of Sherlock Holmes1 to the discoveries of science and ways of teaching manners to children.

not so much …as=与其说....不如说; How =怎样, 关于…事;ingenious=机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的, 具有创造才能; explanation=解释, 说明; Sherlock Holmes=福尔摩斯; manner=礼貌, 举止, 方式

如果说我对人感兴趣,其它人则与其说对人不如说对事感兴趣。书中的人包括从科幻故事中未来两万年后的超人到最先的历史人物,无所不有。书中的事包括从福尔摩斯的神机妙算到科学的种种发现和教孩子举止礼仪的方式,样样俱全。

如果说我感兴趣的是人，别人感兴趣的与其说是人不如说是事。书中的人，从史书上记载的第一批伟人，到

新编英汉翻译下期课件 12

科幻小说中描写的两万年后的超人，形形色色无所不包。书中的事，从 福尔摩斯的神妙剖析，到科学的种种发现，到如何教育儿童懂得礼貌，五花八门无所不有。

Reading is a pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author’s or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.

pleasure =快乐, 愉快, 愉快的事情, 乐事,娱乐; 乐趣;Eagerness=渴望, 热心;

读书给你带来欢乐,很有点象一种体育运动。你越渴望,越有知识,越敏捷你就越会成为一个好的读者。读书给你带来乐趣,不是因为作者会告诉你一些事情, 是因为阅读会让让你思考。你自己随作者一道想象,甚至超越作者的想象。你用自己的经历同作者的进行比较,会得出相同或不同的结论,你随作对作者思想的了解又产生了自己的想法。

阅读是心智的乐事，颇有点儿像运动：心情热切、知识丰富、思维敏捷才能造就一个好的读者。读书之所以有趣，不是由于作者告诉了你什么，而是由于读书促使你思考。你的想象与作者的想象一道展开，甚至超过作者的想象。你的经验与作者的经验相比较，使你得出与作者相同或不同的结论，而你在了解作者思想的同时便形成了自己的思想。

Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something; they are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.

add up to =构成,总括; turn up=找到, 发现, 出现

本本书成册,就象人的一家一户,汇集到图书馆就象一座城市的千家万户。人们尽管是单家独户,但加在一起就了不起;他们会相互联系,会与其它城市相连。相同或相关的思想会出现在不同的地方;人生中反复出现的问题在文学中也会重复出现,只是在不同的时代, 不同的作品中的解决方式不同罢了。

单独一本书犹如一个独家小院，但汇集到图书馆则好似城市中的千家万户。虽然仍是各自，结合起来可就非同寻常了。家家户户彼此相依，还与其他城市相连。相同的思想或相关的思想在不同的地方出现；人生中反复出现的问题在文学中也反复出现，但不同的时代,不同的作品会提出不同的解决办法。

Week 10:

Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you you “ought” to read, you probably won’t have fun. But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time — and if you become as a result of reading, better, wiser, or more gentle, you won’t have suffered during the process. (408 words)

读书只有在你想读的时候才有趣。如果你读别人叫你“读”的书,你大概就不会有兴趣。但如果你放下你不想读的书, 另外找一本有意思的书读一读, ,你肯定会感到很愉快,如果读书让你更优秀,更聪明,更文雅,在读书过程中你就不会觉得乏味了。

读书之所以能成为乐趣，只在于你有这样的期待。你若是只读别人说你“应该”读的书，那可能就不会有什么乐趣可言。但你若是把自己不喜欢的书放下另换别的，直至找到一 本你觉得有意思的书，然后轻松地读下去，那你几乎肯定会乐在其中一假如你能因此而变得更高尚,更聪明,更温雅，那阅读本身就不是一种苦差事了。

(参考古今明编著《英汉翻译基础》中的译文译出）

本文作者贝内特•瑟夫（18-1971),美国著名出版人和作家，于20世纪20年代创建了现代书屋公司和 蓝登书屋，出版了大量英美文学作品。他本人喜欢幽默、字谜、双关语、打油诗，发表了诸多此类作品。《读书的 乐趣》是他一篇著名的杂文。

新编英汉翻译下期课件 13

Sherlock Holmes:福尔摩斯（英国作家柯南道尔所著侦探小说中的虚构主人公）。

3.3照搬原文的语序(P78)

译者冲不过原文结构的约束,照搬原文的词序,语序,导致了译文的走形。 (例句11见原文第78-79页) 翻译练习及参考译文:

12 It used to be said that Enghlish people take their pleasures sadly. Sadly=不十分强烈地悲愁或难过

过去人们常说英国人在享乐的时候也会板作抑郁重重的面孔。

13 I had scarcely passed my 12th birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations..

Scarcely=刚刚,才, 几乎不, 简直没有; inhospitable =不好客的,不友好的,敌意的 我刚过完12岁生日就走进了讨厌的考场。

3.4 照搬原文的表达形式(P79)

原文的表达方式包括特有的措辞和特有的比喻等,能移植的应该尽量移植,以便更好地传达原作的异国情调,但不能移植的则不要移植,否则会弄巧成拙。

翻译练习及参考译文:

14 But the steps became deeper and deeper, and at last I had to drop down the length of my body and more. drop down= .倒下,落下,下降

台阶越来越高,最后我不得不从跟我一样高,甚至比我高的地方爬下去。 (例句15见79页)

16 Last winter Stanford’s new e-commerce elective was the hottest thing on the business school’s campus, with 28 students using their single “silver bullet” to secure one of the 66 available spots.

Stanford=斯坦福; e-commerce=电子商务; elective=选修课程, 投票选举的; silver bullet =银弹,良方,高招;spot=地点, 场所, 职务, [俚]职位; secure=确信,肯定,确保

去年冬天, 斯坦福大学新设的电子商务选修课是商学院校园最热门的课程,有28个学生都使出了各自的高招，想在现有的66个名额中争得一席之位。

翻译练习及参考译文:

1今天，中国人民已经有一个欣欣向荣的社会主义祖国。

Today, the Chinese people have a prosperous socialist motherland.或 Today what the Chinese people see is a prosperous socialist motherland. 2要集中全国人民的智慧和力量，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。

The wisdom and strength of the people across the country should be concentrated on construction and development.或

We will pool the wisdom and strength of the people of the whole country and concentrate on construction and development. (pool=集中(钱、力量等)) Week 11:

14 Bill Clinton比尔•克林顿

(An excerpt from Living History) (《亲历历史》节选）

新编英汉翻译下期课件 14

Hillary Rodham Clinton希拉里.R •克林顿

Soon after Bill came to my rescue with chicken soup and orange juice, we became inseparable. 比尔带着鸡汤和橘汁来救我不久,我们相互就再也离不开了。 比尔用鸡汤和橘子汁给我救急后不久，我们俩便形影不离了。

In between cramming for finals and finishing up my first year of concentration on children, we spent long hours driving around in his 1970 burnt-orange Opel station wagon, or hanging out at the beach house on Long Island Sound near Milford, Connecticut, where he lived with his roommates, Doug Eakeley, Don Pogue and Bill Coleman.

Cram=临时抱佛脚(应付考试); final=结局, 决赛, 期末考试;burnt =赭色的, 比原来颜色较深的; Opel=欧宝;station wagon=旅行车; hanging out=挂出, (在某处)闲呆着;Long Island Sound=长岛海峡; Milford=米尔福德; Connecticut=康涅狄格;

应付了期末考试后，在我第一年对孩子问题的调查研究期间,我们要么开着他1970年的深橘色欧宝旅行车兜几个小时的风,要么呆在康涅狄格,米尔福德附近的长岛海峡的海滨房子里,在那里与他同住的有他的室友多格.尔克尼,东波格和比尔. 科尔曼。

我在忙于准备期末考试和头一年关注儿童问题行将结束之余，仍然会长时间地跟他乘着他那辆1970年出厂的褐橘色欧宝旅行车四处兜风，有时还到康浬狄格州米尔福德附近的长岛湾去玩，比尔和室友道格• 埃克利、丹•波格、1比尔•科莱曼合住在那儿的一座海滩小屋里。

At a party there one night, Bill and I ended up in the kitchen talking about what each of us wanted to do after graduation.

end up =结束, 最后处于;

在那里一个晚上的一次聚会上,比尔和我在厨房谈论我们毕业后的打算,一直谈到聚会结束。 一天晚上，我们在那儿开派对时，我和比尔在厨房里谈论各自毕业后的打算。

I still didn’t know where I would live and what I would do because my interests in child advocacy and civil rights didn’t dictate a particular path.

advocacy=拥护；提倡；主张; civil rights =公民权 ,民权;

我仍然不知道我会住在什么地方,会做什么工作,因为我对儿童问题和民权的兴趣并没有让我决定走哪条路。 我还不知道自己会去哪儿，会做什么， 因为我虽然对儿童福利和民权感兴趣，眼下却没有明确的道路。 Bill was absolutely certain: He would go home to Arkansas and run for public office. Arkansas=阿肯色州; run for=竞选, 赶快去请; public office=公职; 比尔却非常确定,他会回到阿肯色州的老家竞选公职。 比尔则很确定：他将回阿肯色老家竞选公职。

A lot of my classmates said they intended to pursue public service, but Bill was the only one who you knew for certain would actually do it.

pursue=追,努力去获得或完成; public service=公益事业, 公益服务

我的同学中有很多人说他们打算寻求公职,但你肯定了解,比尔是唯一一个会言出必行的。 我的许多同学都表示有意寻求公职，不过比尔是唯一一位令你准知言出必行的。

I told Bill about my summer plans to clerk at Treuhaft, Walker and Burnstein, a small law firm in Oakland, California, and he announced that he would like to go to California with me.

clerk =文书,办事员, 做职员［事务员］； [美]做店员; law firm =律师事务所; 我告诉比尔,我打算暑期在加州奥克兰的一家名为特里哈夫特，沃克和伯恩斯坦律师事务所的小律师事务所做职员,他说他想和我一起去。

我告诉比尔，暑假计划到加利福尼亚奥克兰一家名叫“特里伊哈夫特，沃尔克和伯恩斯坦”的小律师事务所当职员，他便说要跟我一起去。

I was astonished. I knew he had signed on to work in Senator George McGovern’s presidential campaign and that the campaign manager, Gary Hart, had asked Bill to organize the South for McGovern.

Senator=参议员; George McGovern=乔治.麦戈文; campaign=战役,季节性竞赛,竞选运动

新编英汉翻译下期课件 15

我感到很惊讶,我知道他已经签约要为参议员乔治.麦戈文的总统竞选工作,竞选负责人加里. 哈特已经要求他负责麦戈文南方的竞选组织工作。

我诧异不已。我知道他已经签约要参与乔治•麦戈文参议员的总统竞选，麦戈文的竞选经理格里•哈特要他负责南方的组织工作。

The prospect of driving from one Southern state to another convincing Democrats both to support McGovern and to oppose Nixon’s policy in Vietnam excited him.

Prospect=前景, 前途; Democrats =民主党人;

他想到能在南方各州奔走,说服民主党人支持麦戈文,反对尼克松的越南就很激动。

对于能在南方各州穿梭，说服民主党员支持麦戈文，反对尼克松的越南，比尔非常兴奋。 Week 12:

Although Bill had worked in Arkansas on campaigns for Senator J. William Fulbright and others, and in Connecticut for Joe Duffey and Joe Lieberman, he’d never had the chance to be in on the ground floor of a presidential campaign. Arkansas =阿肯色州; Connecticut =康涅狄格州;on the ground =在地上, 当场, 在决斗’ get in on the ground floor=取得有利地位, [美俚]及早入手，取得优势地位，先下手为强, 取得有利地位

比尔尽管曾经为阿肯色州的参议员威廉,富布赖特等人,康涅狄格州的乔.杜菲和乔.历波曼的竞选活动尽过力,但从来没有机会为总统竞选活动摇旗呐喊。

他曾在阿肯色州帮助参议员威廉•富布赖特等人竞选过，在康涅狄格州也曾帮助乔•达菲和乔•利伯曼竞选过，不过他从未有机会效力于总统竞选。

I tried to let the news sink in. I was thrilled.

sink in =沉在, 被充分理解(留下印象); thrill=使激动 我很想弄明白这到底是为什么,我很激动。 我在领会他的意思，不禁激动起来。

“Why,” I asked, “do you want to give up the opportunity to do something you love to follow me to California?” “怎么了,”我问道“你想放弃这次机会,不去做你喜欢的事而跟我去加州?” “怎么，”我问，“你有自己喜欢做的事情，难道想放弃机会跟我去加利福尼亚？ ” “For someone I love, that’s why,” he said. “为了我爱的人,这就是为什么,”他说。 “为了我爱的人，就这么回事，”他说。

He had decided, he told me, that we were destined for each other, and he didn’t want to let me go just after he’d found me.

他已经做了决定,他告诉我说我们注定要在一起,他不想刚找到我就让我走。 比尔说他认定我俩是天作之合，好不容易找到了我，就不想放开我。

Bill and I shared a small apartment near a big park not far from the University of California at Berkeley campus where the Free Speech Movement started in 19.

比尔和我同住在一个大公园旁的一家小公寓里,离加利福利业大学的伯克利分校不远,19年那里开始了言论自由运动。

比尔和我在离19年“言论自由运动”的发源地加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校不远的一座大公园附近合租了一间小公寓。

I spent most of my time working for Mai Burnstein researching, writing legal motions and briefs for a child custody case. Meanwhile, Bill explored Berkeley, Oakland and San Francisco.

Mai Burnstein =麦.伯恩斯坦; researching =研究, 调查;motion=议案,【法律】请求，申请,提议：一种在议会程序下进行的向投票席做出的正式议案; custody=监管; brief=诉讼要点，案情摘要, 简洁的,扼要的; Berkeley=伯克利;Oakland=奥克兰; San Francisco=旧金山

我大部分时间都花在麦.伯恩斯坦律师事务所的案情调查上,为一个儿童监护权案件写些诉状和诉讼要点。与

新编英汉翻译下期课件 16

此同时,比尔对伯克利,奥克兰和旧金山作了考察。

我的大部分时间用来帮马尔•伯恩斯坦做事，为一桩儿童监护权官司做研究、写诉状与摘要。比尔则在伯克利、奥克兰与旧金山寻幽访胜。

On weekends, he took me to the places he had scouted, like a restaurant in North Beach or a vintage clothing store on Telegraph Avenue.

Scout=寻找,侦查;vintage =古老的;

每逢周末,他都要带我去他找到的一些场所,比如北海滨的餐馆,电报大道的旧式服装店。 一到周末，他会带我去他事先考察过的景点，诸如北滩的餐厅、电报街的旧式服装店等。

I tried teaching him tennis, and we both experimented with cooking. I baked him a peach pie, and together we produced a palatable chicken curry for any and all occasions we hosted.

palatable=美味的; any and all =pron.随便什么;

我教他打网球,我们还一起作做一些烹调。我给他烤了一个桃子派,我们还一起做了一道美味可口的鸡肉咖喱,每次都用来招待客人。

我则教他打网球，或是两人消磨于厨艺。我帮他烤了一个桃子派，我们合力做出美味的咖喱鸡，每次在家里做东，都以此待客。

Bill spent most of his time reading and then sharing with me his thoughts about books like To the Finland Station by Edmund Wilson.

比尔的大部分时间都在看书,然后和我谈论他的读书心得,比如埃德蒙. 威尔逊所著的<去芬兰站>的读后感。 比尔多半靠阅读打发时间，然后和我分享他的读后心得，其中一本是埃德蒙•威尔逊所著的《到芬兰车站》。 Week 13:

During our long walks, he often broke into song, frequently crooning one of his Elvis Presley favorites. croon =低声歌唱, 低声哼; Elvis Presley=猫王,埃尔维斯普雷斯利

我们要用很长时间来散步,途中他会突然唱起歌来,经常哼的是一首他最喜欢的猫王埃尔维斯普雷斯利的歌。 出外散步时，他往往边走边唱， 常哼的是他最爱的一些猫王的歌。

People have said that I knew Bill would be President one day and went around telling anyone who would listen.

有人说我知道比尔迟早都会当总统,还说我四处奔走去告诉愿意听的人。 人们常说，我看准比尔迟早会当上总统，还说我到处为他宣扬。

I don’t remember thinking that until years later, but I had one strange encounter at a small restaurant in Berkeley. Encounter=相遇，遭遇,尤指意外遇到; Berkeley=伯克利;

这种想法还是在很多年后我才回忆起来,但我在伯克利的一家小餐馆却有一个奇遇。

我可不记得我当初有这样的想法，那是多年以后的事了。不过我倒记得在伯克利一家小餐厅有过一次奇遇： I was supposed to meet Bill, but I was held up at work and arrived late. There was no sign of him, and I asked the waiter if he had seen a man of his description.

本来我应该见到比尔的,但我因工作走不开,去晚了,不见他的踪影,我向服务员描述了他的长相,问他是否见到过。

我和比尔约好在餐厅碰面，却因工作迟到，到了餐厅已不见他人。我向服务生描述了一番，问是否看到他。 A customer sitting nearby spoke up, saying, “He was here for a long time reading, and I started talking to him about books.

新编英汉翻译下期课件 17

坐在附近的一个客人插话,说“他在这里呆了很久,一直在读书,我便开始与他聊书。

附近一位客人听了，大声说：“他来了好一会儿，一直在看书，于是我和他聊书。I don’t know his name, but he’s going to be President someday” “Yeah, right” I said, “but do you know where he went?” (650 words)

“我不知道他的名字,但总有一天他会成为总统。”“是的,对吧,”我说,“你知道他去哪儿了吗?” “我不知道他的名字，但总有一天他会当上总统。” “是啊，”我说，“不过你知道他去哪儿了吗？ ”

本文是美国前第一夫人、现任国务卿希拉里•克林顿的回忆录《亲历历史》的节选，记述了她与克林顿相识和相爱初期的经历与活动。

4 第8章 文体与翻译(P82)

文体分为实用文体和文学文体,实用文体又分为应用,科技,新闻等多种文体。 4.1 公文文体的翻译(P82)

公文文体既可以指或机构发布的各种公告,宣言,规章,法令,通告,启事,通报,指令及法律文书,又可以指正式的信函,合同,协议,契约等。公文文体都是书面语,特点是严肃,正规。

翻译练习及参考译文:

Declaration of Independence宣言

(Excerpts) (节选）

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

in the Course of human events,

在人类活动过程中

it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, dissolve =溶解, 解散;band=[常用复]束缚人或其手足的任何物件, 义务, 束缚;

一个民族必须解除他与另一个民族的政治束缚

and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them,

assume=担任, 采取,采用,承担,接受; separate=分开的, 分离的, 个别的, 单独的;Laws of Nature=自然法则,自然定律; Nature’s God=上帝; Nature=自然,造物主; station=位置, 岗位, 地位,

在全球列强中必须得到自然法则和上帝赋予他们的的,平等的地位

a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

decent=公平的, 大方的, 得体的, 正派的; separation=分离, 分开

为了大大方方地尊重人类的公意,特此宣布迫使他们的原因。

新编英汉翻译下期课件 18

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

band=[常用复]束缚人或其手足的任何物件, 义务, 束缚; assume=担任, 采取,采用,承担,接受; separate=分开的, 分离的, 个别的, 单独的;Laws of Nature=自然法则,自然定律; Nature’s God=上帝; Nature=自然,造物主; decent=公平的, 大方的, 得体的, 正派的;

在一个民族在人类活动过程中必须解除他与另一个民族的政治束缚之际,在全球列强中必须获得自然法则和上帝赋予他们的的,平等的地位之际,为了大大方方地尊重人类的公意,特此宣布迫使他们的原因。

在人类世界的进程中, 当一民族必须解除其与另一民族之间业已存在的政治联系,并依据自然的法则和自然之神的意旨,在世界列国中接受和平等的地位时,出于对人类公意的应有尊重,需要把迫使他们走向的原因公布于世。

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. - That to secure these rights, Government are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, - That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them (it) shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, self-eviden=不言而喻的;

我们认为这都是不言而喻的真理 that all men are created equal,

人人生来平等,

that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, Creator=上帝,造物主; unalienable=不可剥夺的,不可分割的; certain =确定的；固定的,某些;

造物主赋予了他们不可剥夺的权利,

that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

这些权利包括生活,自由和追求幸福。

- That to secure these rights, Government are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,

derive from =vt.从...处获得,得到;

为了保证这些权利,人们组建了, 从被统治者的认可中获得了正当的权利, - That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, destructive=造成损害的,破坏的; end=末端,结束,目标;

任何时候无论什么形式的损害了这些目的, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it,

新编英汉翻译下期课件 19

人民就有权力改变或推翻它, and to institute new Government,

建立新的,

laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them (it) shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. effect=招致, 实现, 达到(目的等);

以很可能会给人民带来安全和幸福的原则为基础和形式组建它的权力机构、

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. - That to secure these rights, Government are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, - That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them (it ) shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

self-eviden=不言而喻的;Derive=得到; Creator=上帝,造物主; certain =确定的；固定的,某些;unalienable=不可剥夺的; derive from =vt.从...处获得,得到; destructive=造成损害的,破坏的; end=末端,结束,目标; effect=招致, 实现, 达到(目的等);

我们认为人人生来平等,造物主赋予了他们不可剥夺的权利,这些权利包括生活,自由和追求幸福。为了保证这些权利,人们组建了, 从被统治者的认可中获得了正当的权利, 任何时候无论什么形式的损害了这些目的, 人民就有权力改变或推翻这个,建立新的, 以很可能会给人民带来安全和幸福的原则为基础和形式组建它的的权力机构、这都是不言而喻的真理。

我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,造物主赋予他们某些不可剥夺的权利,其中包括生命权,自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，才在人们中间成立,而的正当权利则来自被统治者的赞同。每当任何形式的损害这些目标时,人们就有权改变或废除它,以建立新的;这新必须建立在这样的原则基础上,并按照这样的方式来组织其权力机关,以便在人民看来它能保障他们的安全和幸福。

Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable，than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.

Prudence=谨慎，小心：dictate=控制,指示,支配; transient=短暂的, 瞬时的; hath= <废>have的第三人称单数现在式; shewn =shown; dispose=处理,使愿意; evil =, 不幸, 罪恶; sufferable =可容忍的, 可忍耐的;right oneself=表白, 恢复正常, 纠正

固然应该谨慎,不应该因短暂的,微不足道的原因而更换建立已久的,相应的一切经验表明,人们在可以容忍时与其说愿意用废除他们习惯的政权形式来恢复自己的权益不如说更愿意忍受。

诚然,出于谨慎的考虑,建立已久的不应由这些无关紧要的,一时的原因而予以变更。过去的一切经验也正表明,任何苦难只要还能忍受,人类都宁愿忍受下去,而不愿废除他们久已习惯的以恢复自己的权益。

But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their Right, it is their Duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

train =一连串, 火车;Usurpation=篡权，篡位, 侵犯，侵占：pursue =追, 努力去获得或完成, 追求;invariably=不变地, 总是; evince=表明, 表示; design =设计, 企图，意图：精心的计划; reduce =减少, 控制，征服;Despotism=统治,

新编英汉翻译下期课件 20

;

但是如果总是追求同一目标的一连串滥用权力和强取豪夺表明这是一种用绝对统治来控制人民的精心策划,人民就有权力,有义务来推翻这种,为他们未来的安全提供新的保障。

但是，当追逐同一目标的一连串滥用职权与强取豪夺发生，证明企图置人民于统治下，那么人民就有权利、有义务推翻这个， 并为他们未来的安全提供新保障。

一 Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government.

patient =宽容的,耐心的,病人;sufferance =忍耐, 痛苦；不幸; constrain=强逼, 抑制;

这就是这些殖民地人民忍受的痛苦,这就是现在迫使他们改变以前的制度的必然。 这些就是殖民地人民所遭受的痛苦，也是现在迫使他们不得不改变以前制度的原因。

The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in （them）direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. Tyranny=, 苛政, 专治

现任英王的历史就是不断伤害,不断强取豪夺的历史,一切都是为了一个直接的目的:这就是在这些州建立一个绝对统治。

当今英王的历史，是接连不断地伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史，其直接目标即在这些州建立。

Week 14: May 27, Saturday afternoon: 师范10-1，师范10-2. May 28,Tuesday morning, 师范10-12，师范10-6. afternoon,师范10-5，师范10-3

4.2 科技文体的翻译(P85)

科技英语的作用是传播自然科学或社会科学的知识和技术,包括理科,工科,医科,农科以及社会科学等领域。

科技英语的主要结构特点:倾向于多用动词的一般现在时来进行无时间性的一般叙述; 倾向于多用动词的非限定式,即分词,不定式和动名词; 倾向于多用被动语态。 科技英语的主要词法点:科技专用词汇数量大,范围广,同一个单词在不同的技术领域意义不同,从事科技英语翻译的人员必须了解各个科技领域的概况,知道从哪些相应专业词典中查找需要的单词。

翻译练习及参考译文:

新编英汉翻译下期课件 21

Vibration Technique Produces Stronger, Environmentally friendly Plastics

用来生产强度更大的环保塑料的振动技术

Telephons, TV parts, the computer mouse at your fingertips, parts inside a PC,and other everyday products are made with plastics using a process called injection molding.

injection molding=喷射铸造法;

电话,电视机零件,指尖上的计算机鼠标,计算机零件和其它日常用品都是通过被称为喷射铸造法的工艺用塑料制作的。

A Lehigh University professor has developed a simple, software-directed device that vibrates molten plastics in an injection mold to produce stronger plastic products that are environmentally beneficial.

Lehigh University=利哈伊大学; injection mold=注塑模具, 注模;

利哈伊大学一位教师研制了一个用软件控制的简单装置,这一装置会使熔融塑料在注塑模具中振动,生产出强度更大的环保塑料产品。

Injection molding involves injecting molten plastic into mold. Involve=使牵涉,卷入, 把…复杂化,包括;

新编英汉翻译下期课件 22

喷射铸造法只能把熔融塑料注入模具。

Only a small amount of recycled plastic is used in this process, says John Coulter, Lehigh associate professor of mechanical engineering and mechanics, because recycled plastic is poor in quality and would reduce the product’s strength. Recycle=再循环, 再生, 重复利用; associate professor=副教授; mechanics=力学

利哈伊大学机械工程及力学副教授约翰. 科尔特说,使用这一工艺时只能使用少量的再生塑料,因为再生塑料质量差,会降低产品的强度。

John Coulter’s vibration-assisted process enables manufacturers to recycle once-useless environmentally unfriendly plastic, and still produce stronger products than those produced using new plastic that is not vibrated.

约翰. 科尔特的振动辅助法使制造商能够重复利用曾经无用并影响环境的塑料,生产出来的产品比用没有经过振动处理的新塑料生产的好得多。

Researchers have tried to vibrate heated plastic, but most methods require costly machine and/or mold changes.

新编英汉翻译下期课件 23

研究人员进行过加热塑料振动试验,但大多数方法需要更换设备和/或模具,成本较大。 Coulter and his Lehigh colleagues have found that by vibrating the feed screw device used to deliver the liquefied plastic material in the mold, they can achieve the same results without the need to vibrate the mold. feed screw device=螺旋进料装置

约翰. 科尔特和他利哈伊大学的同事发现,让用在模具中传送液化塑料的螺旋进料装置振动,他们就能获得模具不振动时的相同效果。

Making simple alterations to the screw’s hydraulic system, Coulter designed software that directs the device to vibrate at low frequencies once the plastic has been fed into the mold.

对螺旋进料装置液压系统稍作改进, 科尔特就设计出了控制进料装置的软件,使塑料一旦注入模具,进料装置就按低频率振动。

1江苏省地势低平坦荡，河湖水面广阔，土壤富饶肥沃。

地势=terrain, surfac relief, surface configuration; 富饶的= rich;肥沃的=fertile; abundant=丰富的, 充裕的

Jiangsu Province is low and flat in terrain, wide in rivers and lakes and rich and fertile in soil.或Jiangsu Province is low and flat, with abundant water resources and fertile land.

新编英汉翻译下期课件 24

2同时，东部地区应采取联合开发，互利合作和对口支援等多种形式，加大对中西部的支持力度。

联合开发=joint exploitation, joint development; 互利合作=mutual beneficial cooperation;对口支援= counterpart support, coordinated assistance;

Meanwhile, the eastern area should take forms of joint exploitation, mutual beneficial cooperation and counterpart support and increase efforts to support central and west area.或

Meanwhile, the eastern area should increase its support to the central and western areas in various ways, such as joint development, cooperation for mutual benefit and coordinated assistance adjusted to the needs of the areas.

Week 15: June 3, Saturday afternoon: 师范10-1，师范10-2. June 4,Tuesday morning, 师范10-12，师范

10-6. afternoon,师范10-5，师范10-3

4.3 新闻文体的翻译(P88)

新闻文体狭义指新闻报道,广义指报刊杂志上刊登的各类文章,都可以涉及政治,经济,军事,外交,科技,文体,宗教,法律,刑事,家庭等各个方面。

Wall Street Takes a Dive

Dive=潜入, (气温, 股票价格等的)暴落

华尔街股票价格暴落

Ronald Reagan’s budget took a thunderous shelling lask week. Day after day, jittery Wall Street investors fired sell orders, hitting stock prices with their heavisest declines

新编英汉翻译下期课件 25

since 1982.

thunderous shelling=雷鸣般的, 打雷的; shelling=炮击; jittery=紧张不安的,神经过敏的; fire=激起, 发射, 点燃;

sell order =沽盘,就是卖盘, 沽的意思就是下降的意思; hit=击中, 使碰到; stock prices =股票价格;declines=下降, 跌落;

罗纳德.里根的预算上周遭到猛烈的攻击。华尔街的投资者紧张不安,连日低价兜售股票,使股票价格跌落到自1982年以来的最低点。

Testifying in Washington, Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volker fired the single most damaging salvo by warning that the deficits envisaged in the budget pose a “clear and present danger,” threatening to keep interest rates high and tip the economy into a new recession.

Testify=证明, 宣称, 作证,表明;Federal Reserve=邦储备银行, 美联储; salvo=齐射;the single most damaging salvo=最具破坏性的攻击;envisage=设想; pose=提出, 摆姿势; tip=暗示, 倾倒,轻击; threaten=威胁,恐吓,胁迫, 有...的预兆,预示着,的危险;recession= (经济)衰退, (价格)暴跌

美联储保罗.沃尔克在华盛顿作证时放了破坏力最强的一炮,警告说预算设想的赤字带来了“明显而现实的危险,”暗示要保持高利率,把经济带入新的萧条。

The size of the deficits is staggering. Rudolph Penner, director of the Congressional Budget Office, predicted that if policy is not changed, the flow of red ink will swell

新编英汉翻译下期课件 26

from $190 billion this year to $326 billion by 19.

Staggering=令人惊愕的, 难以置信的,令为吃惊; predict=预测,预言; red ink=红墨水, <美>[喻]赤字

赤字的规模难以置信。国会预算办公室主任鲁道夫.彭纳预言如果不变, 赤字会从今年的1,900亿美元增至19年的3,260亿美元。

In testimony on Capitol Hill, the President’s men acknowledged that the economy was in danger.

Capitol Hill=美国国会山,美国国会; testimony=证词;

在美国国会的证词中,总统的幕僚承认经济处于危险中。

Chief Ecomomic Adviser Martin Feldstein, known as the Administrations’s “Dr. Gloom,” agreed with Penner”s warning that the deficit could reach the $300 billion range by the end of the decade.

首席经济顾问,被称为行政部门“忧郁博士的”马丁. 费尔德斯坦同意彭纳的警告,赤字到本年代末会达到3,000亿美元。

If that happened, said Feldstein, federal borrowing would be swallowing 75% of American savings and putting powerful upward pressure on interest rates. borrowing=借款; upward pressure= .向上压力, 反向压力, 升值压力, 上涨压力

新编英汉翻译下期课件 27

如果发生这样的事情, 费尔德斯坦说联邦借款会吞掉美国储蓄的75%,使利率承受强大的上涨压力。

Even Treasury Secretary Donald Regan, usually an optimist and a critic of Feldestein’s dour outlook, admitted that “without proper fiscal and monetary policies, there is a possibility of our slipping back into a recession in the U. S.”

Treasury Seceretary=财政; optimist=乐天派, 乐观者; dour =阴郁的,严厉的; outlook = 观点,,看法,态度;

即使通常是乐天派又是费尔德斯坦忧郁观点的批评家的财政唐纳德. 里根也承认,“没有合适的财政和金融,美国就可能又滑入经济衰退之中。”

Unless the Federal Reserve speeds up growth of the U. S. money supply, warned Treasury Under Secretary Beryl Sprinkel, a recession could start this year. money supply=货币发行量; Treasury Under Secretary=财政部副

如果美联储不增大美国货币发行量, 财政部副贝里尔. 斯普林克尔警告说,今年就会开始出现经济倒退。

4.4 应用文体的翻译(P91)

公函,书信,通知,请柬,启事,通告,海报,广告,单据,契约,合同以及迎送辞,协议书,备忘录,商品说明书等都属应用文体。

新编英汉翻译下期课件 28

翻译练习及参考译文:

The Convenantor hereby undertakes to procure that the Customer will comply with all the Customer’s obligations to you, the beneficiaries of this deed, (jointly and severally)

Convenanter=订约人; undertakes =承担, 许诺,保证或表明;procure=获得, 完成; comply with= .遵照,遵守;beneficiary=受益人; Deed =契约, 行为;severally=各自地, 各别地; jointly and severally=个别及连带责任

订约人据此承诺,保证用户将对贵方,本契约的受益人履行它所有的责任(个别及连带责任),

but should the Customer default in the payment when due of any payment or default in complying with any other obligation, the Covenator will, without the need for any demand, make immediate payment or performance thereof as the case may be, at the place, in the funds and currency and/or in the manner required of the Customer and without any withholding or deduction whatsoever PROVIDED ALWAYS HOWEVER default=未履行,拖欠; withholding =扣押, 扣交, as the case may be=视情况而定;

但如果客户拖欠到期该付的款项或没有履行其它责任,无需对订约人提出任何要求,

新编英汉翻译下期课件 29

订约人就必须根据实际情况立即在为客户指定的地点,按指定的款项和货币和/或方式支付款项或履行责任,规定的款项和项目不得扣押或减少,

that no time for limitation of liability in respect of this Deed shall begin to run in favour of the Covenantor unless and until one or both of you shall have made demand on the Conventor,

in favour of=赞成,支持,有利于,以...为收款人;

但只有在贵方一个受益人或两个受益人对签约人提出要求后, 订约人才执行这一契约规定的责任时限,

and if more than one demand is made, then only from the date and to the extent of each demand respectively.

如果提出的要求不止一个,则只能分别按各项要求的起始日期和规定范围执行。 The Covenantor hereby undertakes to procure that the Customer will comply with all the Customer’s obligations to you, the beneficiaries of this deed, (jointly and severally) but should the Customer default in the payment when due of any payment or default in complying with any other obligation, the Covenator will, without the need for any demand, make immediate payment or performance thereof as the case may be, at the place, in the funds and currency and/or in the manner required of the Customer and without any withholding or deduction whatsoever PROVIDED ALWAYS HOWEVER

新编英汉翻译下期课件 30

that no time for limitation of liability in respect of this Deed shall begin to run in favour of the Covenantor unless and until one or both of you shall have made demand on the Conventor, and if more than one demand is made, then only from the date and to the extent of each demand respectively.

订约人据此承诺,保证用户将对贵方,本契约的受益人履行它所有的责任(个别及连带责任), 但如果客户拖欠到期该付的款项或没有履行其它责任,无需对订约人提出任何要求, 订约人就必须根据实际情况立即在为客户指定的地点,按指定的款项和货币和/或方式支付款项或履行责任, 规定的款项和项目不得扣押或减少,但只有在贵方一个受益人或两个受益人对签约人提出要求后, 订约人才执行这一契约规定的责任时限, 如果提出的要求不止一个,则只能分别按各项要求的起始日期和规定范围执行。

订约人据此承诺,保证用户完成对贵方,这项(合作和单独经营)协约的受益人承担的责任,但是如果用户没有支付任何到期的款项,或没有履行任何其它责任,订约人无需提出任何要求就按具体情况要么按客户要求的金额,货币和/或付款方式在客户指定的地点立即付款,要么履行责任,所提供的任何款项不得扣押,不得减少,如果贵方的一方或双方对订约人没有提出要求,在向订约人提出要求前在履行协约责任方面就不对订约人提出时间要求。如果提出的要求不止一个,时间则要从提出要求的日期到各项要求提出的时限为止。

4.5 文学文体的翻译(P95)

文学作品包括诗歌,小说,散文,戏剧等多种体裁。文学又称为语言艺术,我们在翻译文学作品时,必须吃透原文的精神,力求与作者心心相印,与书中人物息息相通,在文字表达中不仅要译文,而且要译”情”,译”味”。

翻译练习及参考译文:

A young member of the band turned her head at the exclamation. She was a fine and handsome girl — not

新编英汉翻译下期课件 31

handsomer than some others, possibly — but her mobile peony mouth and large innocent eyes added eloquence to colour and shape.

Exclamation=惊叫,锐的,然的喊叫声：peony=牡丹; innocent=无罪的, 天真的; eloquence=雄辩,口才,修辞;

听到惊叫声,队伍中一个姑娘回过头来.这是一个漂亮端庄的姑娘,虽然没有有些些姑娘那样漂亮,但她那生动的红艳嘴唇和天真无邪的眼睛增加了几分姿色。

听到这声叫喊，队列中有一个年轻姑娘扭过头来。她是个标致俊俏的姑娘——也许不比有些姑娘更漂亮——不过她那两片灵动红艳的嘴唇，那一双天真烂漫的大眼睛，又给她的姿色平添了几分慑人的魅力。

She wore a red ribbon in her hair, and was the only one of the white company who could boast of such a pronounced adornment. As she looked round Durbeyfield was seen moving along the road in a chaise belonging to The Pure Drop, driven by a frizzle-headed brawny damsel with her gown-sleeves rolled above her elbows.

ribbon =丝带;pronounced =讲出来的, 显著的; adornment=装饰, 装饰品; chaise =一种轻马车; frizzle=卷发; brawny=强壮的和肌肉结实的; damsel=少女; 处女; gown=女长服;

她头发上扎着红丝带,在白队中是唯一一个能能炫耀有那种与众不同的装饰的。她四处张望,看见杜贝费尔德坐着皮尔.卓普酒店的马车沿路过来,马车被一个强壮的卷发少女驱赶着,她衣袖卷在胳膊肘上。

她头发上扎着一根红绸带，在这白色的队伍中，能够显耀这种引人注目的装饰的，还只有她一个人。且说她扭过头来，看见德贝菲尔坐着醇沥酒店的马车，一路驶来，赶车的是一个头发卷曲、体魄健壮的姑娘，两只衣袖卷到胳膊肘上面。

This was the cheerful servant of that establishment, who, in her part of factotum, turned groom and ostler at times. Durbeyfield, leaning back, and with his eyes closed luxuriously, was waving his hand above his head and singing in a slow recitative: “I’ve- got-a-gr’t-family-vault-at-Kingsbere-and-knighted-forefathers-in-lead-coffins-there!”

establishment=设立；确定；机构; factotum=家务总管, 杂役, 打杂的人; groom=照看马(喂马, 刷马); ostler=旅馆的)马夫; at times.= 有时,时常;leaning back =向后倾斜; luxuriously=非常舒适的; recitative =宣叙调; vault= 墓穴，墓室：金斯伯尔.knight=授以爵位; forefather=祖先, 祖宗; coffins=棺材

这是那个酒店开朗的女仆,除了当自己的哪份差事外,有时也喂喂马,赶赶车。杜贝费尔德靠在马车上,闭着眼睛,显得非常舒适,手在头顶上挥来挥去,嘴里慢慢地用宣叙调唱着:“在金斯伯尔我有一大片家族墓地, 铅棺里面躺着我那封有爵位的祖先。”

这是醇沥酒店那位开心的伙计，因为是打杂的，有时也做喂马赶车的差事。德贝菲尔仰着身子，惬意地闭着眼睛，一只手在头上挥来挥去，嘴里用慢悠悠的宣叙调唱道：“俺-家-在-金—斯—比-尔-有—一—大—片-祖-坟-俺-那―些一 封-为-爵-士-的-祖-宗-都-葬-在-那-儿-的-铅-棺-里！”

The clubbists tittered, except the girl called Tess — in whom a slow heat seemed to rise at the sense that her father was making himself foolish in their eyes. “He’s tired, that’s all” she said hastily, “and he has got a lift home, because our own horse has to rest today.”

itter=吃吃地笑, 偷笑; Tess=苔丝; lift =搭车;

俱乐部会员都吃吃地笑着,只有叫做苔丝的姑娘例外,她感觉她的父亲在他们眼里出了丑,脸上慢慢地发起烧来。“他累了,没有别的”她急急忙忙地说道,“他已经搭车回家,我们自己的马今天要休息。”

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妇女会的人全都吃吃地笑了起来，只有那个名叫苔丝的姑娘例外——她见父亲在当众出丑，脸上似乎慢慢生起一阵火辣辣的感觉。“他只不过是累了，”她连忙说道，“就搭个车回家，因为我们家的马今天要休息。”

“Bless thy simplicity, Tess” said her companions. “He’s got his market-nitch. Haw- haw!”

“Look here; I won’t walk another inch with you, if you say any jokes about him!” Tess cried, and the colour upon her cheeks spread over her face and neck. In a moment her eyes grew moist, and her glance drooped to the ground. (T. Hardy: Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Ch. 2)

Thy= (thou的所有格)你的; simplicity=简单,天真; Haw- haw=哈哈; Look here=听我说, 听着[我警告你]; droop=低垂

“苔丝,你太天真了,”她的哪些同伴说道,。“他已经赶完集,… 哈哈!”

“我警告你,如果你们再取笑他,我一步也不跟你们走了!”苔丝说道,她的脸一直红到脖子。一会儿她的眼圈就湿了,向下瞥了一眼。

“你好天真呀，苔丝，”她的同伴说，“他这是赶完了集灌饱了黄汤吧。哈哈！”

“听着，你们要是笑话他，我就一步也不跟你们走了！ ”苔丝大声嚷道，面颊上的红晕传遍整个脸，传到脖子根。转眼间，她的眼圈湿了，目光垂到地下。（P)

5 第9章 翻译中的文化意识(P99)

两种语言的翻译实际上是两种文化之间的转换。 5.1 语言是文化的产物,也是文化的载体(P99)

语言和文化是一个互为依存,密不可分的整体,语言是自我的表达,也是文化的反映。语言是文化的一部分,又是文化的映像。理解语言必须了解文化。 (例句2,3和4见原文100-101页)

翻译练习及参考译文:

1 The two gigantic Negroes that now laid hold of Tom, with fiendish exultation in their faces, might have formed no unapt personification of powers of darkness.

Gigantic=巨人般的, 巨大的; laid hold of=抓住, 控制; fiendish=恶魔似的, 残忍的; exultation=狂喜, 大悦, 欢欣, 得意; unapt=不适当[合]的, 不相称的; personification=化身, 拟人化; powers of darkness=黑暗的势力

两个高大的黑人现在抓住汤姆,脸上露出了恶魔似的得意神色,好像是黑暗势力的化身。

1当前，国际局势正在发生深刻的变化，和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题。

Currently, the international situation is undergoing profound change; peace and development remain the themes of our times.或

Currently, the International Situation is undergoing complex and deep changes. Peace and development remain the main themes of the present times.

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2世界多极化和经济全球化在曲折中发展。总体和平，局部战争，总体缓和，局部紧张，总体稳定，局部动荡，将是今后一个时期国际局势的基本态势。

World multi-polarization and economic globalization are developing tortuously. Overall peace, local war, overall relaxation, local tension, overall stability and local turbulence will be the basic state of international situation of the next period. 或

World multi-polarization and economic globalization continue their development in zigzags. For a period of time in the future, the basic posture of the international situation will be overall peace and localized war, overall easing and localized tension, overall stability and localized turbulence.

5.2 翻译不仅是语际转换,也是跨文化转换(P101)

在某种意义上,语言的转换只是翻译的表层,而文化信息的传播才是翻译的实质。为了更深刻,更贴切地传递原文的内在信息,译者必须探明英汉双语的文化特征及其差异,并将双语的文化内涵恰当地”对接”起来,真实地再现原文的面貌。

(例句5,6和7见原文102-103页)

5.3 跨文化转换的策略(P104)

翻译富有文化特色的词语(成语,谚语,俚语,方言等)的3种策略: (1)移植法(P104)

有可能时,尽量采取保留原文中形象语言的形象,使之成为汉语中的”新鲜血液”。比如,英语成语teach a pig to play on a flute,有点近似汉语的”对牛弹琴”,但是直译成”教猪吹笛”,就会使中国读者耳目一新。Flog a dead horse虽然可以直译为”做无用功”但若译成”鞭打死马”,效果可能更佳。 (例句8,9和10见原文104-107页)

(2)借用法(P105)

借用法就是用汉语现成的俗语来传译英文的俗语。 (3)意译法(P105)

(例句12见原文104-107页) 翻译练习及参考译文

11 Georgiana, the eldest, with her black ringlets, her flashing eyes, her noble aquiline profile; her swan-like neck, and sloping shoulders, was orientally dazzling.

Ringlet=卷发, 长鬃发; aquiline=象鹰嘴一样弯曲或钩起的, 象鹰的; swan =天鹅; sloping=倾斜的, 有坡度的; dazzling=晃眼睛的,光彩夺目的; Georgiana=乔治亚娜

大小姐乔治亚娜,满头黑黑的卷发,高高的鼻梁显得十分高贵,一双眼睛炯炯有神,加上天鹅般的秀颈和均称的双 肩,完全是一个光彩夺目的东方美人形象。

6 第10章 忠实与叛逆(P108)

翻译的原则是要忠实于原文,但在翻译实践中不可避免地会出现误解或不理解的地方,分别造成无意识性叛逆和有意识性叛逆。

6,1 有意识性叛逆-权益性叛逆(P108)

因原文难度大,译者对自己搞不懂或不好翻译的地方采取要么”跳过去”,要么作”减码”处理的方式。”减码”处理就是改变原件的体裁,例如把诗体原文改译成散文体译文。

新编英汉翻译下期课件 34

6.2有意识性叛逆-策略性叛逆(P109)

译者在翻译时需要考虑译入国的主导意识,考虑”赞助人”的意愿要求,考虑译文读者的情趣和接受力,并根据这些制约因素适当地对原文作出”策略性叛逆”。

6.3有意识性叛逆-关照性叛逆(P111)

为了照顾读者的接受能力,译者有时对艰涩难懂的原文作出某种形式的”明晰化”处理,这也是翻译中一种常见的判例行为。

6.4意识性叛逆-创造性叛逆(P112)

“创造性叛逆”指的是译者在语言层面对译文所做的”脱胎换骨”性转换处理。一是在语言差异较大,不便直译的情况下,冲破原语的束缚,译出意义最贴近而又符合译语规范的译文;(例句1和2见原文112);二是在遇到原文出现文字游戏之类的变异情况下,采取”以变应变”的策略,舍弃表层意义,传达深层意蕴,译出精神,译出风格。 (例句3和4见原文113页)

7 第11章 工具书的选择与运用(P115)

第一,每个译者的词典应该越多越好,词典涉及的领域越多越好,在当今信息时代译者除必须在电脑中装入”金山词霸”外,还必须在电脑中建立自己的专用名词表, 专用名词表涉及的领域越多越好;第二,译者要养成勤查词典的习惯;第三,查阅词典要以分析和推测为前提;第四,查词典时需要警惕词的多义性和成语,词义一定要按对原文的逻辑推理仔细查找,别把成语当成一般词语来翻译。 (例句1见原文页)

翻译练习及参考译文:

2 I think something like my bafflement has been felt by other boys (and by girls as well) who grew up in dirt-poor farm country, in mining country, in black ghettos, in Hispanic barrios, in the shadows of factories, in Third World nations---any place where the fate of men is as grim and bleak as the fate of women.

Bafflement=迷惑,迷惑; dirt-poor=非常穷困的; mining country =采矿区; ghettos=少数民族的集中住宅区, 犹太人区; Hispanic=西班牙的; barrios=美国城市中讲西班牙语居民的集居区, 行政区域; in the shadow of=在...的附近, 与...很接近, 在...的阴影笼罩下, 在...的强烈影响或控制下; grim=无情的,严酷的; bleak=寒冷的, 阴冷的, 荒凉的, 凄凉的, 黯淡的

我想,我感到迷惑的东西在很贫穷的地区,在采矿区,在黑人集聚区,在西班牙居民集聚区, 在工厂附近, 在第三世界国家---即在男人的命运与女人的命运一样严酷,一样凄凉的任何地区长大的男孩(还有女孩)都能感觉得到。 (例句3,4见原文115-116页)

新编英汉翻译下期课件 35

5 They entered the woods…and pursued the accustomed circuit; which broght them again, after some time, in a descent among hanging woods, to the edge of the water, in one of its narrowest parts.

Pursue=追踪,, 沿着踪迹前进; accustomed=惯常的,通常的; descent=下坡路, 斜坡; hanging=悬挂物,斜坡,倾斜面;woods=树林，森林 (例句6见原文117页)

他们进入树林…,沿着惯常的路径前进,过了一会儿,又来到了树林,顺着树林中斜坡下到河边,来到河流一处最窄的地方。

7 The latter had never been underdrawn: its entire anatomy lay bare to an inquiring eye, except where a frame of wood laden with oatcakes and clusters of legs of beef, mutton, and ham, concealed it.

The latter =后者;Underdraw=在...下划线; anatomy=剖析, 解剖学, 骨骼,分解; lay bare=显示,表白,暴露; inquiring =好奇的, 怀疑的, 探询的; laden with= vt.满载,载满; oatcakes=燕麦饼; clusters=一串；一束；一群

屋顶从来没有装过天花板,整个房屋一眼都看得清清楚楚的,只有那上面堆满了燕麦饼和一堆堆牛腿,羊肉和火腿的木头架子占了点位置。 (例句8,9.10,11,12和13见原文119-121页)

14 The constant attention of Mr and Mrs Henry Dashwood to his wishes, which proceeded not merely from interest, but from goodness of heart, gave him every degree of solid comfort which his age could receive; and the cheerfulness of the children added a relish to his existence.

Proceed=源于, 继续进行; cheerfulness=高兴, 快活;relish=食欲, 乐趣, 爱好;

亨利. 达什伍德夫妇一直按他的愿望照顾他不仅出于利益上的原因,也是出于好心,这使他这种年龄的人实实在在感到舒服,孩子们高高兴兴的样子又增加了他活下去的乐趣。 (例句115和16见原文121-122页)