课时作业 三十七 选修8 Unit 2 Cloning
班级: 姓名: 建议时间 / 30分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
词数:335 话题:克隆猴 文体:说明文
China became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells, reducing the need for lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective, and affordable animal tests for new drugs, scientists said on Thursday.
By December, the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) had created two clone monkeys named “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transferring of somatic (躯体的) cells—any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.
Tetra, a monkey born in 1999, is the worlds first ever-cloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting, and it could only produce four cloned babies at a time and cannot be genetically changed to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, an academician at CAS and the director of Institute of Neuroscience, CAS.
“Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate (灵长类) that shares its genetic make-up, therefore all
of its complexity, with humans,” he said.
“For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes,” Pu said.
“By cloning monkeys using somatic cells, we can mass-cultivate a large number of genetically identical babies in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs,” he added. “This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine.”
Sun Qiang, director of the non-human primate research facility at the institute, said, “Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as humans.” “This is especially useful in testing drugs for neural diseases such as Parkinsons disease, metabolic and immune system disease, and tumour,” he added.
1.What makes cloning a monkey using somatic cells a big problem? A. Lack of lab monkeys. B. Complex genetic make-up. C. The high expenses.
D. The harm to the environment.
2.Cloning monkeys with non-reproductive cells can bring benefits
EXCEPT .
A. producing more effective medicine B. reducing experiment costs C. saving time on lab tests D. curing neural diseases easily 3.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua are the worlds first ever-cloned monkeys. B. Cloning a monkey using reproductive cells is a world-class challenge. C. Cloning a monkey using non-reproductive cells needs more lab monkeys. D. The sheep Dolly was ever cloned by nuclear transferring of somatic cells. 4.This passage above can be most probably read in . A.a science magazine B.a guidebook C.science fiction D.a brochure
B
词数:326 话题:高科技SCNT 文体:说明文
Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, using the similar technique that gave us Dolly the sheep. These monkeys are not actually the first primates(灵长类) to be cloned. Another one named Tetra was produced in the late 1990s by embryo(胚胎) splitting, the division of an early-stage embryo into two or four separate cells to make clones. By contrast, they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus(细胞核) with DNA from a differentiated body cell. This
Dolly method, known as Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer(SCNT), can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.
Success came from adopting several new techniques. These included a new type of microscopy to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell reprogramming, which hadnt been tried before on primates. Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys were born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers pouring water on the idea that the teams results bring scientists closer to cloning humans. They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt—it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.
But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal. There is now no barrier for cloning primate species, thus cloning humans is closer to reality. However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans. Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough as a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.
5.What do we know about the technology called SCNT?
A.It created the first two primates. B.It may contribute to editing the DNA.
C.It can divide an early-stage embryo into several cells. D.It produced two cloned monkeys with different genes.
6.What does the author mean by “pouring water on the idea” in Paragraph 2? A.Keeping a hot topic of it. B.Having a low opinion of it. C.Attaching no importance to it. D.Adding supportive evidence to it.
7.What is the scientists purpose to clone these monkeys? A.To help with the study of human diseases. B.To serve as a stepping stone to their reputation. C.To prepare for their research on human cloning. D.To raise money for holding an exhibition of novels. 8.What can we infer from the passage? A.New techniques seem to be pointless. B.Cloning humans is already on its way.
C.Society wont agree to clone another monkey. D.The success rate of cloning a monkey is not high. Ⅱ.语法填空
词数:201 话题:丝绸之路 文体:说明文
The world-known Silk Road across the Eurasian Continent is a friendship
bridge 9. (link) the European and Asian people. It is one of the most important theme tourist routes in the world and the most 10. (value) tourist product in China. From the time Zhang Qian 11. (open) up the world-famous Silk Road during the Han Dynasty, until the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, it enjoyed 12. history of about 1,600 years.
Silk Road with 13. (it) more than 2,000 years history has witnessed the historical changes and the progress of cultural 14. (exchange) between China and the Western countries. The section in China, with many ethnic cultures 15. (include), is also as a jade belt. The peoples of these ethnic groups such as Mongols, Huis, Uygurs and Kazaks have maintained their unique traditions and cultures, living habits and religious beliefs,16. are from the soul of the Silk Road and attract many tourists to visit. In fact, 17. the Silk Road in the north-west of China, there are another two trade roads in the south-west of China and by sea, which also contribute 18. (great) to the development of the world. They are called the “Southern Silk Road” and the “Silk Road on the Sea”. Ⅲ.短文改错
词数:105 话题:庭院售卖 文体:记叙文
Today my fourteen-year-old son and I held a yard sale lasting a hour. He was absent-minded and stayed on his phone most of the times. Then a mother and her daughter came up, clearly troubling, and the mother told me her daughter had been suffered from a fever. Her daughter asked my son how
many a toy bear was. My son looked right for her and said, “Give me the biggest smile you have ever get.” The little girl gave him a big smile. He then handed his bear to him, saying happily, “That smile worth a million dollars.” Ive never been such proud of him.
