Test 2

I.

(1) (20%) Strictly Ban smoking

If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.

You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It's almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivable, be harmful, it doesn't do to shout too loudly about it.

This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.

Of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisement always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!

For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning – say, a picture of a death's head – should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.

1. Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking? [A] because they are afraid of people. [B] Because diseases cost a lot.

[C] Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue. [D] Because they are afraid of manufacturers.

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Reading

2. The tone of this passage is [A] critical. [B] ironical. [C] distaste. [D] amusing.

3. What does the sentence “because you are in good company” mean? [A] you are backed by the government. [B] You are not alone.

[C] You have good colleagues.

[D] Governments are blind to evils of smoking too. 4. What is the best title of this passage?

[A] World Governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking. [B] World governments take timid measures against smoking.

[C] smoking is the most important source of income to many countries. [D] tobacco industry spends a large sum of money on medical research.

(2)

On the President's Program

President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.

The most liberal wing of the President's party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.

The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President's program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.

Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.

So the crux is the technology and that is where the President's program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance. 1. The focus of the President's program is on [A] investment. [B] economy.

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[C] technology. [D] tax.

2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party? [A] They want a more direct action.

[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation. [C] They want to rebuild industry.

[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs. 3. What is the editor's attitude? [A] support. [B] distaste. [C] Disapproval. [D] Compromise.

4. The danger to the plan lies in [A] the two parties' objection.

[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan. [C] its passage. [D] distortion. 5. The passage is [A] a review. [B] a preface.

[C] a advertisement. [D] an editorial. III. Cloze (20%) Grandma Moses is among the most celebrated twentieth-century painters of the United States, yet she __1_ painting before she was in her late seventies. As she once spoken __2_ herself:\" I would never sit back in a rocking chair,__3_ for some to help me.\" No one could have a __4_ old age. She was born Anna Mary Robertson _5__ a farm in New York State, one of five boys and girls. (\"We came in bunches,_6__ radishes.\") At twelve she left home and was __7_ domestic service until, at twenty-seven, she _8__ Thomas Moses, one of the hired hands of her employers. They farms most of their _9__, first in Virginia and then in New York State,_10__ Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of _11__ five survived; her husband died in 1927.

Grandma Moses _12__ a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a _13__, but only switched to oil in old age because her hands become too stiff __14_, and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her _15__ were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and were soon _16__ by a dealer who bought everything _17__ she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibition in the museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York .__18_ the 1930s and her death she produced some 2000 pictures; detailed and lively portrayals of the _19__ life she had known for so long ,with a marvelous _20__ of color and form.\" I think real hard till think of something real pretty, and then I pain it.\" she said. 1) A barely started B was barely started C had barely started D barely start 2) A about B of C on D over 3) A waiting B to waiting C and writing D am writing 4) A very productive B productive C most productive D more productive 5) A in B at C on D about

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6) A unlike 7) A for 8) A married with 9) A life 10) A in 11) A whom 12) A worked 13) A job 14) A sewing 15) A books 16) A spotted 17) A which 18) A for 19) A urban 20) A feeling I. Reading 1-4 CBDA 阅读答案详解

B like B in B married to B live B at B which B read B fun B to sew B pictures B recognized B who B in B town B sense

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C likely C at C marry C lives C under C that C studied C hobby C to sewing C arts C damaged C whom C during C rural C consciousness Key CAADD

D unlikely D under D married D lifes D on D who D painted D interest

D to be sewing D clothes D featured D that D between D suburban D feature

(20%)

1. C 因为他们害怕收入减少。答案见第二段。“你不用看得很远就能发现为什么官方对医学 成果的反应如此冷淡，答案就是钱。烟草是征税的最奇妙的商品，几乎就像日用面包的税收。光烟草税收一项，英国就从抽烟人身上征到足以支付整个教育措施的费用。所以在当局那么谨慎地指出吸烟有害时，可以想象，喊叫得太响时不行的。” A.他们害怕人民。D.他们害怕厂商。文中没有。B.疾病花费很大和软弱无力的禁烟措施有关。不是花费大而采取弱。

2. B 讽刺语气。特别表现在第一段、第四段。A.批评语气，整篇文章都在批评，这不是什么语气问题。这里时以讽刺的口吻加以批评软弱的禁烟。C.厌恶。D.有趣。 3. D 对吸烟的恶果也是视而不见。A.支持。太明朗化。B.你不是单独一人。和C.你有好同事，都是似是而非的答案。这可以上下文说明，第一段：“假如你吸烟，依然认为吸烟和支气管炎、心脏病、肺癌等毫无关系，那你是自欺欺人。可没有人会说你虚伪。我们可以说你是患有一厢情愿病。这你无需太难受，因为你有好伙伴。每当提出吸烟和健康有关的问题时，大多数国家的对其恶果视而不见、听而不闻、嗅而不觉。”

4. A 世界各国应该开展眼里的禁烟运动。因为前面四段都是现象：⑴软弱。如英国只在电视上禁止烟草广告以高位人们的良知。另一方面人民继续一路吞云吐雾走到癌症死亡。⑵讲烟草的税收高，所以不严禁。⑶这项的后果是疾病花费大于烟草税收。⑷烟草广告泛滥毒害人。唯一解救的办法就是禁烟。最后一段是结论，也是画龙点睛的主题和标题。“作为起步，可以从禁止烟草广告开始，然后应开展抵制吸烟的广告运动。一切公共场合，如戏院、电影院、返点等应禁止吸烟。应竭尽全力告诫青年，尤其是告诫他们染上恶习的严重后果。在零卖的每包烟盒上应有一令人胆战心惊的警告：例如，一幅骷髅头画像。作为个人，我们力量薄弱，可是如果真诚地鼓舞人心的行动起来，他们可以保护我们。”B.世界各国采取禁烟软弱无力。C.吸烟是许多国家重要收入。这两项是不分具体内容。D.烟草工厂在医疗研究上花了大笔费用。

5. C 工艺技术。最后一段第一句“问题的症结就在于工艺技术，这就是总统计划的要点所在。”第四段：“对掌握新技术的人来说，新技术使他们大大增产，而新技术对不能掌握它

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的人来说，在世界经济中他们面临沦为永久性的二等公民的危险。如果不能做到这一点，那么任何保护主义，进入国际市场都不能有效地竞争。如果不能有技术优势的利润和经验再投资，工业只能进一步落后于国外竞争对手。”这些都说明总统计划的重点再工艺技术。A.投资。D.税收。只是总统计划的涉及面。B.经济。太笼统了。

6. A 更直接行动。第二段“总统的党内几段自由翼要求更强硬、更直接行动。他们要求用收入（税收）来制止通货膨胀;联邦财政在关税保护下，帮助重建工业。”B.他们需要制止通货膨胀。C.重建工业。D.保护关税墙。都只是他们要求中的不分内容，不完整。 7. A支持。第四、五段集中了评论者的观点，支持的理由和论点。B.厌恶。C.不赞成。D.调和妥协。

8. D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危险不在于计划将不被通过，而在于左和右的思想理论家们用修正案来歪曲提案，使计划要点蒙尘模糊不清，经济重建计划应原封不动地通过。”这是作者的态度，也是他所担心之处。A.两党的反对。B.两党对计划的不同看法。C.它的通过。

9. D 社论。A.评论。社论也是评论的一种，但它是报纸主编所撰，常常是有关国内外大事评论。B.前言。C.广告

III. Cloze (20%)

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