被动语态
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。在主动句中，动词的主语是动作的执行者。在被动句中，主语是动作的承受者。
一．何时使用被动语态：被动语态的最基本用法是汉语句子中“被、由、受”的句子。 1 强调承受者为中心时。
He beats me.(他打我。强调是“他”打了我) I am beaten by him.（我被他打了。强调“我”被打） 2 实施动作者不重要，不明显或不愿意说出来。 —Where is my apple，mummy?
—It was eaten. (它被吃了。谁吃的？可能是妈妈自己，所以不愿意说。) 二．被动语态的构成是：be + 过去分词 （+ by +动作的执行者） 1）过去分词不一定指过去，时态与be动词有关： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 am/is/are done am/is/are being done was/were done was/were done be done 过去将来时 would/should do would/should be done been done 过去完成时 had done 情态动词
（2）句式：注意对动作执行者进行提问
陈述句： The vase was broken by my sister. 一般疑问句：Was the vase broken by your sister(介宾)? 特殊疑问句：By whom was the vase broken? 练习：
陈述句： The town is surrounded by the woods. 一般疑问句： 特殊疑问句：
（3）主动语态变被动语态 主动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语 (动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者) can do had been done can be done being 一般现在时 do/does 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 一般过去时 did 一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall 现在完成时 have/has done have/has
被动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by + 人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语 (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)
1）还要注意以下几点1.主宾替换；2.时态一致；3.如果主动语态宾语是人或物的话，用by。如果是地点的话，用in。
主动语态：My aunt invited us to dinner.
被动语态：We were invited [by my aunt] to dinner. 主动语态：The glass filled water.
被动语态： The water was filled in the glass.
2）如果是主谓双宾结构，一般把间宾变主语，而直宾保留不动。但如果直宾做主语，间宾用for或to连接，原主语用by。
主动语态：Jim offered a job for me.吉姆提供了一份工作给我。 被动语态：I was offered a job [by Jim]. 我被吉姆介绍了这份工作。
被动语态：The job was offered for me by Jim。这份工作是由吉姆提供给我的。 练习：
主动语态：My mom gave me a birthday present.
被动语态： 我被我妈妈给了个生日礼物。 被动语态： 生日礼物是由妈妈给我的。 3）“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：
He is pleased / worried / tired /„„.(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳„„)
He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / „„.(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中„„) 直击中考
1. （2011 成都）I’m glad to find that many trees in our city. A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted
2. (2010 上海) A Disneyland Park(迪士尼乐园) in Shanghai in the near future. A. builds B. has built C. will build D. will be built
3. (2009 重庆) Waste paper shouldn’t everywhere . It’s our duty to keep our city clean. A . be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. are thrown 4. (2008 安徽) When you leave the room, make sure the door . A. was locked B. is locked C. will be locked D. should be locked 5. (2009 北京) The sick boy to hospital by police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took
