Unit 2
P22 English and its history
1. Language, in a broad sense, is the way information is expressed.从广意上讲
2. Emoticons make a special Internet language.(make
是联系动词，成为，适合)
She would have made an excellent teacher.她本可以成为一位出色的教师
3. This stand for a big smile. 代表（同义：represent） 18. Middle English is the name given to the English
used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries.(两个v-ed后置定语修饰name)
19. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English.（起作用/在。。。的过程中）
20. The most important contribution be from…。。。贡
献最大
21. French-speaking people 说法语的人 4. Braille, invented by a Frenchman, is a language
for blind people.
= Braille, (which was) invented by a Frenchman, is a language for blind people.
5. Bees fly in circles to inform their partners about food or danger.呈圆形/通知某人某事
6. All through history, people form many different
countries and cultures have lived together in Britain.(纵观历史)
7. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.(由。。。构成/省略宾语的定语从句) 8. confuse sb使。。混淆
9. in fact事实上（同义：actually） 10. occupy Britain 占领英国
11. Old English consisted of a mixture of their
language.由。。。组成
12. Both the English language and the English people
are named after the Angles. (以。。。命名 name A after B=A be named after B) 13. Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English.(除。。。之外/同义：apart from)
14. They brought with them their languages, which
also mixed with Old English.（因为languages后面有定语从句，所以从bring后改放到them后面/与。。。混合）
15. By the 10th century, Old English had become the
official language of England. 注意时态
16. We sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use.对。。。感到困惑
17. The word sick came from a word once used by the
Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians.(而，但是，while表示转折)
22. defeat England打败英格兰 23. take control of控制。。。
24. lead to 导致(同义：cause, result in)
25. …, which led to Old England replacing Celtic. (to是介词 所以后面的动词用ing形式，Old England是逻辑主语)
26. the entire 250 years整个250年 27. on the other hand另一方面 28. raise animals饲养动物
29. The words for the meat of these animals, which
was served to the Normans, came from Old French.供应给
30. Old French made other contributions to Middle
English as well.给。。。做出贡献 31. instead of而不是
32. take control 取得控制
33. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children.保留日耳曼语复数形式
34. After the Norman Conquest, high-class people上层社会的人spoke French while common people spoke English.而，表示转折
35. come into widespread use 被广泛使用 36. mother tongue母语
37. He used English for all official events.他在所有正
式场合都使用英语。
38. go through huge changes经历巨大变化 39. keep on changing继续变化 40. it is certain that 可以肯定的是 P25
1. in this case 在这种情况中 2. be replaced with 被。。。代替 replace A with B
用A代替B replace sth:
3. One big difference/distinction between …and …
怒
is … 什么和什么之间的一大区别是。。。 4. gain independence获得
5. make … simpler: simplify sth简化。。。 P26
1. leave garbage on the ground垃圾扔在地上
2. cut sb’s hand on a broken bottle手被破的玻璃瓶
割伤
3. handle this problem解决这个问题 4. right away立刻
5. stop people from littering阻止人们乱扔纸屑 P27
1. the wildly spoken language使用广泛的语言 2. official languages正式语言 P28
1. We cannot leave out the question words in noun
clauses.省略 P29
2. the increasing number of …越来越多的 3. deserve careful thought值得仔细考虑 4. set a standard for给。。。设立一个标准 5. show great concern for…对。。。表示极大的关注 6. at one time曾一度
7. keep the language pure and unique保持语言的纯
洁和独特
8. due to the easily accessed Internet 由于上网容易 P33
1. look sb straight in the eye 直视某人 2. do…in a circle 转圈地做。。。 P35
1. make fun of sb取笑某人
2. embarrass sb into doing做某事使某人尴尬 3. move backwards and forwards前后移动 4. hold up one’s hand举起手 5. pick up a blue skirt 挑选 P36
1. organize information properly 2. sort…into…four sections将。。。分成四类 3. in conclusion总的来说
4. make…embarrassed or annoyed使。。。尴尬或恼
5. show proper respect to…对。。。表示尊敬
6. access information on the Internet读取网络上的
信息
7. disagree with sb 不认同某人 P37
1. compare…to…将。。。和。。。比较 2. be mistaken搞错了 Project
The development of Chinese characters P38
1. The way a written language developed can tell us
just as much about a culture as the history of a spoken language. A像B一样能…n 2. written language书面语 3. differ from…与。。。不同 4. in that 因为。。。 5. stand for…代表
6. in many cases在很多情况下
7. A single character can also make up a word.构成 8. Chinese writing汉字书写 9. tracks of animals动物的足迹 10. over time随着时间的推移 11. as a whole 总的来说 12. standard forms标准形式 13. turn into变成
14. 并非所有的汉子都从物体的图画演变而来。Not
all characters were developed from drawings of objects.=All characters were not developed from drawings of objects.
15. combine two or more characters together组合几
个汉字
16. “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree.由。。。构成
17. be the opposite of sth 。。。的反面，对立面
18. introduce simplified Chinese characters推广简化
汉字
19. sth have widespread use全面普及
The story of Braille P39
1. Usually, when we talk about…, we think of
doing…通常，当我们谈到。。。时，我们会想到。。。 2. letters written in ink墨水写的字母
3. introduce…to sth/doing sth介绍…给/做。。。 4. lose one’s sight失明
5. as a result of sth由于。。。 6. at the age of…在。。。岁时
7. paper pressed against metal wire to form letters压
在金属丝上来形成字母的纸张 8. weigh…重。。。
9. be convenient for use方便使用 10. pass message传递信息
11. during times of battle战争时期
12. drag fingers over the raised dots to read the
message.缓慢的拖动手指触摸凸点来阅读信息 13. be of practical use有实际用处
14. Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it.采纳/
完善
15. He created a system (with patterns of six raised
dots (representing each letter).)两个后置定语
