英语八个时态
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
动词种类有: 1. be 动词/ 2.情态动词（can/may/must/ shall/will）3. 行为动词。
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词(eat/walk/do/run...)
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
注：第三人称时动词的变化规律。
1. 动词结尾+s. ( eat---- eats)
2. 以sh, s, ch, o, x结尾的+es （finish-finishes, watch--watches, kiss-kisses, go-goes, fix-fixes)
3. 以辅音字母y结尾的，把y改为i, 再加es. ( study---- studies)
4. 元音字母加y结尾的单词，直接加s. ( play----plays)
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 eg: I am Chinese.
否定句 主语+be not +其他 eg: I am not a boy.
疑问句 Be+主语+其他 eg: Are you a girl? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
或: 肯定句 主语+动原+其他 (三单作主语动词要变形)
eg: I (He) often get (gets) up early.
否定句 主语+don't+动原+其他 (三单作主语don't变doesn't)
eg: I (She) don’t (doesn’t) like him.
疑问句 DO+主语+动原+其他 (三单作主语do变does)
eg: Do (Does) you (she) like playing baseball?
Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
Yes, she does./ No she doesn’t.
1. He/I goes/go to school at seven o’clock everyday.
2. The sun rises in the east.
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 19, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, 一段时间+ago如ten years ago/five hours ago, in +年/月，on+具体日期... Just now=a moment ago刚才,in the old days从前, long ago很久以前...etc.
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词(动词的过去式，ate/went/walked/drunk...)
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
句子结构:肯定句 主语+be(was, were)+其他 eg: I was born on July.1st, 2000.
否定句 主语+be not+其他 eg: I was not born in 1999.
疑问句 Be+主语+其他 eg: Were you born in January?
Yes, I were./ No, I weren’t.
或: 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式(ed)+其他 Lily went shopping yesterday.
否定句 主语+did not+动原+其他 eg: He did not go to school today.
疑问句 Did+主语+动原+其他eg:Did she pass the test?
Yes, she did./ No, she didn’t.
1. He was born in 19.
2. I used to play football when I was young.
三、现在进行时：
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, at this time, these days,at the moment此刻, look, listen, keep quiet等提示语 etc.
基本结构：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
注：动词现在分词变化规律。
1.一般情况下动词后直接+ing。（look --- looking)
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e, 再加ing. ( wake---waking, make--making, take---taking, leave---leaving).
3.以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing. ( begin, cut, get, hit, run,set, swim, drop, fit,stop，travel...)
4.以y结尾的动词直接加ing. (carry--carrying, enjoy--enjoying)
5.以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y, 再加上ing。（die--dying, lie---lying)
结构: 肯定句 主语+be+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他 eg: I am reading now.
否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他 eg: I am not working.
疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他 eg: Are you sleeping?
Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
1. The boy is playing video games.
2. His father is writing a novel these days.
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:具体时间at this time yesterday, at that time,t ten o'clock yesterday morning, at this moment last Sunday或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.
基本结构：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他
eg: I was doing my homework at 8 o’clock yesterday evening.
否定句 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他
They were not staying at home at this moment last Sunday.
疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他
Were you sleeping when I called you last night?
1) He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
2) When I came in, they were having supper.
五、现在完成时：
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。列如：I have been to Beijing since two years ago（=2013）/ I have been to Beijing for ten years.
时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already, yet, just, ever, never,so far, for +时间段,since+时间点，this year alone今年以来, these five years alone这五年以来\在过去的十年中etc.
注：动词分词的变化特点。
1.一般动词，词尾直接+ed, ( work--worked)
2.以e结尾的动词，只在词尾+d. ( live--lived)
3.以辅音字母y结尾的动词，将y改为i, 再加ed. ( study--studied, cry--cried)
4.重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加上ed.
（stop --- stopped, drop---dropped)
基本结构：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句：have或has。
句子结构:肯定句 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(三单变成has)
eg: This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand trees
否定句 主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他
eg: He has not arrived at home yet.
疑问句 Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词+其他
eg: Have you been to China? Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.
1) Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.
2) I have finished my task.
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”/句子中的两个动作都发生在过去。
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+had +动词的过去分词+其他
eg: Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
否定句 主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他
eg: He said he has not been to America.
疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
eg: Had he completed his homework by the time you got there？
Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, in three days, in the future etc.
基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do （be ready to）表示打算，计划做某事；②will/shall（第一人称I/ We , 表示征求对方的意愿）表示将要做某事 + do. 3. Be to do 表示计划安排要发生的事或者用来征求对方意见。4. Be about to do. 表示即将发生的动作，在时间上是指离现在最近的将来。
1. I am( They are) going to the park? 2. I will go there. / Shall I/ We go there?
3.The customers are to visit our company./ What are we to do next?
4. He will go to Shanghai. 5. The party is about to start.
否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他 eg: I will call you later.
否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他 eg: I will not go to the park.
疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他 Will you go shopping with her?
Yes, I will./ No, I will not.
(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)
1． We will visit the science museum next week.、
2． We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow.
八、过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do; ②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+ would+动原+其他 eg: I didn't know if he would come.
否定句 主语+ would not +动原+其他
eg: They were not going to go hiking unless they finished their homework.
疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他 (would you like是词组 一个固定搭配 一般用表示礼貌的问)
eg: Would you like to have a dinner with me?
Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn’t.
(would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would也可以用should)
1) He said that he would study harder than before. / I should study harder than before. 2) He didn’t tell me when he would go.
