Communication Systems and Techniques Two New Algorithms for blind Channel Estimation With H

KEYNOTE SPEECH

The Role Of Science and Technology for Improving The Indonesia Prosperity

Prof. Dr. Ir. Zuhal Abdulkadir (University Of Indonesia)

The Current Status of Ferro electric Memories

Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Ishiwara (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan)

Recent Antennas for Mobile Communications and Broadcasting

Prof. Dr. Koichi Ito ( Chiba University, Japan)

Control, Instrumentation, and Measurements

Optimal load frequency control design using adaptive fuzzy control gain scheduling via inverse-square method Imam Robandi[1] & Margo Pujiantara[2] The Surface Effect on the Immobilization of Biomolecule on QCM Immunosensor

S.P. Sakti [1], P. Hauptmann[2] Development of the Miniaturised Electromagnetically Driven Pump for Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Hiskia[1] Nana Subarna[2]

Light Seeking Robots

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Instrumentation System for Temperature and Humidity Measurement based on Oscillator-Sensor Santoso[1], Surya Darma[2], Adhi Harmoko[2] The Application of PIC16F84 microcontroller for the Four Cycle Diffractometer (FCD) Daniel Kurnia Variable Stiffness Control at the End-Effector of Redundant Manipulators Achmad Jazidie

Model Searching of Induction Motor Speed Estimation Using Genetic Algorithm

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Albert Gunadhi, Vincent W. Prasetyo

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Communication systems and techniques

Application of the Bootstrap Principle in Time Delay Estimation Arjang Hessamian-Alijenad[1], Abdul Rahim Leyman[2], and Thomas Kaiser[1] Communication Systems and Techniques Two New Algorithms for blind Channel Estimation With Higher-Order Statistics and Over-Sampling Kai Klatt, Jerry M. Mendel and Thomas Kaiser New Results for the Bandwidth of Angle-Modulated Signals

Thomas Kaiser

Optimization Array Factor of Planar Array Antenna Using Genetic Algorithms

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Correlation Between Indoor Environment Statistical Parameters and Propagation Path Loss at Frequency 1.7 GHz

Hary Suswanto[1], Abdullah Zainuddin[2], Amir D[3], M. Salehudin[4], M. Irfan[1] Numerical Estimation of The Electromagnetic Wave Scattering From Building Surfaces For The Mobile Propagation Modeling Hary Budiarto, Jun-ichi Takada

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Rudi Lumanto[1] and Sigit Puspito Wigati Jarot[2] Design and Realization of Diphone Speech Synthesizer Using Pitch Synchronous Waveform With Time Domain Axis

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Information Technology and Systems

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Suhono Harso Supangkat, Dr. Ir 2. Adang Suwandi Ahmad, Dr. Ir. 3.Hikmatullah Insan Purnama / 23299113

1 5 9 13 18 23 28 34 39 44 50 56 61

Materials and Devices

Separation Efficiency of Rectangular Microengineered GC Column on Hydrocarbon Mixture Goib Wiranto

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A Preliminary Study of Several Thin Film Heterostructures of ZnS/ZnO

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1 6 10 15 19 24 27 31 34 39 42 45 49 53

Studi Awal Penumbuhan Lapisan Tipis Silikon Mikrokristal Terhidrogenasi (μc-Si:H) dengan Teknik VHF-PECVD Kunlestiowati H.[1], Jasruddin D.M.[2], Amiruddin S.[3], Ida Usman[4], Toto Winata dan M. Barmaw Aplikasi Lapisan Tipis a-Si:H dan Paduannya untuk Divais Fotoreseptor

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56 59 62

Optoelectrotechniques and Laser Applications

Emission Spectrochemical Analysis of Gold Alloy Using Primary Plasma Standardization

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Rejection of Recombination and Electron Collision Process in the Laser Plasma Generated by the Nd-YAG Laser Irradiation at Low Pressures

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Direct Charge Current Measurement of the Plasma Induced by Nd-YAG Laser at Low Air Pressure

Wahyu Setia Budi[1], Indras Marhaendrajaya[1], Wuryanti[2], Marincan Pardede[3], Kiichiro Kagawa[4], Hendrik Kurniawan[3]

The Dynamical Processes of Laser-Induced Shock Wave Plasma Generation at Surrounding Air Pressure of 1 Torr to 760 Torr

Mangasi Alion Marpaung[1], May On Tjia[2], Kiichiro Kagawa[3] and Hendrik Kurniawan[4]

Density Jump Measurement in the Laser-Induced Shock Wave Plasma Using Nd-YAG Laser at Low Air Pressures

Nasrullah Idris[1], May On Tjia[2], Kiichiro Kagawa[3] and Hendrik Kurniawan

Analysis of Rectangular Waveguides using Perturbation Corrected Effective Index Method

Romy Irvan, Henri P. Uranus, John E. Batubara

Optical Fibre Transmision System For Conducting Sensor Signals In High Electromagnetic Interference Environment

Syamsu Ismail

Low-Loss Silica Channel Optical Waveguide Formed By Electron Beam Irradiation

Ary Syahriar

Analisa Direksional Kopler Dengan Metode Garis

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The Over Cladding effects on Silica Directional Couplers

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Estimation Losses in Single Mode Silica Waveguide Bends by Line Integration

Yohannes Dewanto[1], Ary Syahriar[2], Danny M. Gandana[2]

1

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Improvement of The Dynamic Performance on Single Machine Using Intelligent Controller Based on Adaline and Back-Propagation Methods Ardyono Priyadi, Mauridhi Heri Purnomo Improvement of The Dynamic Performance on Multi-Machines Using Intelligent Controller Based on Adaline and Back-Propagation Methods Ardyono Priyadi, Mauridhi Heri Purnomo The Effects of Phase Angle Control Configuration Upon System Power Factor on the Single Phase AC Phase Controller Using a Transistor Hanny H. Tumbelaka and Stephanus A. Ananda Advanced Magnetic Flux Vector Control Inverter Phase On Load Change

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T. Haryono

The Effect of Household Electrical Device Harmonic Performance to the Distribution Transformer Harmonic Current M. Isnaeni B.S., T.Haryono The Effect of Difference Circuit Breaker Closing Operation to Electrical Motor Load T. Haryono, Bambang Sugiantoro

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Pekik Argo Dahono, Teddy Sutendi dan Burhanuddin Halimi Hybrid Triangle SPWM and Vector Control Variant Inverter 3 Phase For Reducing THD Felix Pasila, Limboto, Henry Fuzzy Basis Functions and Other Basis Functions : Case Comparison Analysis

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M. Moechtar, Ph.D,, P.E. Analysis of Soft-Switched Condition Boundary of H-Bridge Inverter Based DC-DC Converter

Jusmin Sutanto

1 5 9 12 17 21 25 29 33 36 41 47

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Remote Sensing and GIS

The Integration of Multimedia and Geographic Information System Using The Concept of HyperMap and Active-X MapObjects

Surya Afnarius[1] & Ghazali Desa[2]

Oil Spill Response Information System : Strategies to Response to An Oil Spill

Surya Afnarius[1], Ghazali Desa[2] & Ibrahim Busu[2]

Estimation of Fishing Ground Location Based on NOAA Satellite Remote Sensing

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Lidar System Configuration in Jakarta for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observation and Study of Air Pollution

Santoso Prajitno S, Mego P, Ii Hidayat, Daryono

Real Time Embedded DSP's for Image Compression in HAPS Remote Sensing

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A Novel Method for Detection of Main Roads From SPOT Satellite Image Using A Hierarchical Approach

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Lidar Ratio Estimation of Aerosol and Cirrus Cloud in a Tropical Area, Using a MPL and a sky-radiometer

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SAR image processing technique development for area change detection with a trous algorithm

Wihartini, Sri Jatno W, Sardy S.

Characteristics of Diagonal Direction for building Hierarchical Triangulated Irregular Network

Yoshizumi Yasuda[1], Eko Syamsudin Hasrito[1], Hideki Shimamura[2]

Geographical Information system: A Design and Development of A Web-based Geospatial Metadata System

Soon Kean Huat, Mohamad Nor Said

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6111621273237424752System Technologies and Devices

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6Vision, Imaging, and Softcomputing

Improvement Learning Process Using Fuzzy Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network in the Electronically Odor Discrimination

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Three-Dimensional Face Recognition System Using Nearest Feature Line in Eigenspaces Representation

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Digital Image Compression Using Adaptive Segmentation Suharjito

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Return To IndexProc. of the International Conf. on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, and Information (CECI2001)

Jakarta-Indonesia, March 7th-8th, 2001

Kalamullah Ramli*, M.I. Syed Mohammed Buhari, Axel Hunger

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Data Processing, Universität GH Duisburg, Germany

* also a lecuturer at Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia

e-mail: {k.ramli, hunger} @uni-duisburg.de

On the Design and Implementation of Initial Prototype

of FANS: A Friendly Active Network System

Abstract - We are developing and implementing FANS, a Friendly Active Network System. The system consists of an active network platform and a graphical user interface to the system. We have designed and

implemented the first prototype of the the system. Through the user interface, user easily selects the protocol and choose the application to run. User can also distribute and implement their own protocol or their own application into the networks by supplying the code into to the active routers through the active packet. This paper presents the reason behind the development of FANS, the system architecture, and

the details of implemention of the system. The result we have so far and Future works that have to be done are also outlined.

Keyword - active nodes/routers, active packets, graphical user interface

1. INTRODUCTION

T

he emerging of Active Network technology has attracted many academics and researches to involve

in the development of this technology. Active network

paradigm allows program to be injected into an active node. A code may reside in a switch/router [2-4] and is

activated only after the packet (i.e., capsule) that carries

identifiers or reference to the code is processed and verified. Another approach lets the packet carries the

whole code [5-7]. In the latest approach, the node is also

active in a sense that it allows computation up to the

application layer. Active network is challenging and interesting due to several factors. First, its appearance can reduce the time required for the standardization process of new network services. Second, active network shifts the conventional network node paradigm: from a passive router that only transfers bits to a more general processing engine similar to an end station. Finally, it would also capable of enabling on-the-fly modification of network functionalities, for example to adapt to changes in link conditions. The nodes are active in a sense that the routers or switches can activate applications or protocol on-the-fly instead of working only as a traditional passive router to forward packet. The applications to run are stored in the active node and runs only when a capsule-like packet that ISBN : 979-8575-02-4

passes through has been verified and contains an identifier to the application. Otherwise the node only acts as a forwarding router.

The most important layer that contributes most to the ‘active‘ term of active network is the Execution Environment (EE). It is in this layer a new service from the local machine is up-loaded and the request from other machine for a new service is submitted and processed. Executive environment deals with network operating system and service layer. Packet is directed to the EE in order to access network services.

When a packet arrives at a node, it is first handled by the Node OS. Node OS verifies and identifies the content of packet. If the packet requires no further

process the node is then simply forwarded to the next node. If further process is needed, the packet is passed to the execution environment. The further process in the EE

may include running active applications or simply store the data brought by the packet. The common active network architecture is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Active Network Architecture [1]

A question that arises towards the deployment of Active Networks is whether such a change will improve the performance of the applications that run through a network or not. Security of the system is another concern Allowing uses to program the network has increased the number of safety and security issues that need to be addressed. Another argument against active network is related to its simplicity. The internet is successful today because of its simplicity; by making the networks

“active” things may get very complicated [11]. Our work

to develop User-Friendly Active Network System (FANS) has been trying to answer these issues. Section two of this paper describes factors that influence the design of FANS. Section three explains system architecture. The steps we have been taking to

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Proc. of the International Conf. on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, and Information (CECI2001) Jakarta-Indonesia, March 7th-8th, 2001

implement the system and the explanation of how the nodes. This is important to deal with network system works are outlined in Section Four. Section five performance issues. presents last achivements our current work and section six

2.4 Safety and Security

concludes and explains further plan of the work.

The last consideration for our FANS is the safety and

security of the system. Safety is mechanisms of reducing 2. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

the risk of mistakes or unintended behavior. Security

2.1 User Interface deals with the concept of protecting privacy, integrity, Despite the capability of allowing users to customize the and availability of the system when malicious attack network services or applications, to the best of our occurs. knowledge, current active network systems are still lack of ease of use for users. These systems provide only Java application programming interface (API) [4, 7], or even create system-spcific language such as Programming Language for Active Network (PLAN) [8]. These approaches are suitable only for networking expert or network programmer. Therefore our first concern in developing FANS is to provide an easy to use and easy to understand user interface to active network system.

2.2. System Functionalities In the traditional network, switches and routers maintain simple forwarding routine installed by the switch and routers vendor. In contrast, active networks paradigm allows users to implement their own forwarding routine into the active switches and routers. Allowing users to program the routers and switches requires the system to support code distribution scheme. That is, a scheme used to distribute code into the switches or routers traversed by active packet. Since the size of packet is set to 16 KB, big code is stored using a flow of consecutive active packets. Another aim of active network is to improve network flexibility. We translate this idea into the flexilibility provided by the system to give users a selection list of available network protocol they can use and a list of available applications or services in the active switches or routers they can run. Our system also allows users to supply their own protocol or program through the code distribution scheme. 2.3 Performance Factor

Several research works [5,7] propose techniques to

improve performance and take the advantages of network

flexibility offered by the active network environment. We

are also interested to further explore these comparative

advantages in the field of active network congestion

control and network management.

The degradation of performance is usually due to

additional overhead processing in the nodes. Active

network, however, has the potential to compensate this

drawback and is very promising to offer improvement for end-to-end performance basis. The code to solve any network problems can be exist in the 'heart‘ of the

network or distributed accross the network. As a result,

network problem can be resolved faster than traditional

mechanism in which notification should reach end-point

before necessary action could be taken. For this reason,

therefore, FANS should provide mechanism to easily up-load user-defined forwarding routine into the active

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Given the flexiblity, users may misuse active packet and active node for destructive activities. For example, Active packets may misuse active nodes, network resources, and other active packets in various ways There should also mechanism to avoid excess use

of resources in active node. We aim to address these issues to make FANS a safe and secure environment. 3. THE FANS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE An active node in our FANS architecture

consists of three layers: the user interface, the execution environment, the communication layer. The user interface part deals with the user actions and higher layers of our active network platfrom. The communication part implements the lower layers. The execution environment glues the user interface, the service codes which resides in the node, and commmunication layer. The system architecture is depicted by Figure 2.

Figure 2. The Architecture of FANS

A packet in our architecture contains either of three

types of payload: code, data or empty. When the payload

is empty then the packet carries only identifiers or

references to the services or applications reside in the

node. After verifying the contents of the packet, EE may

either simply forward the packet, run services or

applications, or store the code or data.

The format of packet that we use in FANS is a

capsule-like format and is shown in Figure 3.

IP IP address Protocol Application Payload

address (destination) id id (source)

Figure 3. Packet Format We believe that combining the active packet and

active node in one system has the following advantages:

1. It maintains the packet size as minimum as possible,

depending on the payload type

Proc. of the International Conf. on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, and Information (CECI2001)

Jakarta-Indonesia, March 7th-8th, 2001

2. The size of active packet has maximum limit; which

in turn decreases the overhead processing in the node 3. The code of applications is not constrained by the

packet size; instead, the code can be divided into small-size packet and sent consecutively inside the payload field of active packet

4. PROTOTYPE AND IMPLEMENTATION

run a C or C++ application in an active node. This feature is made to anticipate the progress of active switches or routers development.

FANS has been flexible until application and

service layer. However, we are still working to improve FANS communication components to enable the flexible deployment of network layer applications.

4.2 The FANS User Interface Components

To simplify the communication experiments, the The current implementation is written in Java and runs as

a user-level process under Linux and Windows NT. We FANS graphical user interface consists of two main parts: choose Java because of its support for safety and the sender part and receiver part. In the sender part, user mobility. Other reasons are its flexibility as a high-level language and support of dynamic linking/loading and multi-threading.

In current FANS, each node is a separate machine. The implementation relies currently on UDP/IP or TCP/IP as its network interface. FANS in the future is also to include other protocols than IP. However, making use of IP at this development stage simplifies the

implementation and facilitates experimentation.

4.1 FANS Communication Components The major communication components of FANS architecture are implemented using the classes listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Key Communcation Classes and Their Function

Main Classes Function

UDPSender, UDP over IP UDPReceiver

UDPMulticastReceiver UDP Multicast UCPMulticastSender TCPSender, TCP over IP

TCPReceiver TCPMultiSender, TCP over IP (one node to TCPMultiReceiver multi-node)

Prompt Java Native Code Class to run applications

Access Control List (ACL) is maintained in each

connected machine for security and safety reason. For any

packet to be transmitted, the permit right should be checked from ACL. ACL can only be modified by the super user and is protected by password. ACL works by comparing ACL rule and existing setup entered by user.

ACL rule consists of source address, destination address,

protocols, and action. Action means permitting or

denying. Once user sets the configuration which is out of

ACL rule, the access is denied.

TCPSender and TCPReceiver enable point-to-point TCP communication between any of two-machines in the network. TCPMultiSender and TCPMultiReceiver are used for one to multipoint communication under the TCP. UDPSender and UDPReceiver, UDPMulticastSender and UDPMulticastReceiver makes possible point-to-poin and multicast communication in our test-bed network, respectively. Prompt and Java_Prompt_getLine is classes of java native interfaces. Both of the classes can be used to

has to define the destination, the protocol, the application to run and whether or not they want to multicast. If acting

as receiver, user need only to specify the protocol and whether or not they include their machine in a multicast group. In our current architecture the destination and application are to be selected from a list. The graphical user interface of our FANS is depicted in Figure 4.

Figure 4. FANS Graphical User Interface

The key class components that build FANS

graphical user interface and mediates user action to the communication components are listed in Table 2.

Table 2. Main User Interface Classes

Classes Name Function AllFunctions A Glue for other UI Classes

Password Security access to ACL

ACLCorrect Access Limitation ACLEntry

Entry data to ACL ColumnLayout Divides UI into Sender and Receiver Part AllFunctions is a class that glues all other

components. This class calls on all other classes based on

users action. AllFunctions also processes all the user

input and appends user selection into FANS packet

before the packet is sent. AllFunctions also calls related

communication components to perform action. ACLCorrect class decide whether the user action is permitted or not. If permitted, then the user configuration is forwarded into the communication part of FANS. ACLEntry is used to entry data to ACL. To entry data, a user must supply a correct password. Password class makes the password mechanism.

ColumnLayout divides the user interface into 2

parts: sender and receiver. For each part, the number of

IT-15 Proc. of the International Conf. on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, and Information (CECI2001) Jakarta-Indonesia, March 7th-8th, 2001

user interface components is minimized to conform with to easily select ones. When users intend to implement the human-computer interaction paradigm that human their own services or applications the user interface cannot concentrate on more the 7±2 components of interaction mechanism has also been provided. However, interface in one blink. In the sender part there are 7 the user-involved usability as the most valid way to (seven) components and the receiver part consists of 4 measure users satisfaction, still has to be conducted.

Table 3 summarizes functionalities that have (four) components.

There is small screen in each part that informs been succesfully implemented in our first prototype of

users what they have selected and what the system does at FANS. that time. After seeing the information, users may clear up

Table 3. List Functionalities in FANS

the settings by clicking the clear button. All the setup

Prototype of FANS

information (e.g., destination, protocol) that have been

System Functionalities Running Selected Protocol

stored are then reset. Note also that once the Run Sender Implementing network-wide is clicked then the network runs based-on the configuration user has selected. Figure 5 depicts a sample of user configuration that appears in FANS user interface.

Figure 5. FANS GUI – a User Configuration Multicast option on both sender and receiver part is put seprately from the TCP and UDP list. This is because multicast is not a network protocol like UDP and TCP. Instead, it is a way of sending data into a group of users.

5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION We have tested our preliminary active network

test-bed to run variable protocols and simple applications. The implementation was designed primarily to allow us to evaluate the suitability of our approach to let a user to easily choose and select the protocol they want to use and the application they want to run. We have used it to test and debug the TCP, UDP and Multicast protocol as well. The FANS platform has also supported code distribution scheme which is an essential mechanism in an active network environment.

We have also verified the ACL functions in

several scenarios. Since users in an active network environment have a more freedom than in traditional network, we believe ACL will play a significant role when FANS options for protocol deployment and user applications are improved. We will address other safety and security issues when we extend to feature of FANS to include on-the-fly protocol deployment.

We believe also that the user interface is easy to

use and easy to understand. Users are likely to be self-guided when use the system. The available protocols, services and applications are shot-listed. Users just need

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Service/Application Multicast Service Code Distribution User Interface

Protocol Selection (linked-list) Functionalities Application/Service Selection Data/Code Up-loading Safety and Security

Access Control List

6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS We have been developing, experimenting and verifying our FANS architecture. The initial experiment and verification has been successfully done. We have contributed to the development and creation of a user interface for active network applications. The usability issues have also been identified and fit into our testbed experiment[9]. The testing dan debugging phase shows that TCP/IP, UDP/IP protocol and Multicast have been functioning well. Future works will include the involvment of users to asses our user interface. We will make FANS functionalities accessible thorugh web site. We also intend to include on-the-fly protocol deployment into our FANS prototype. More active networks applications should be introduced into our FANS to enrich the application options for the users. These applications will also useful when we perform benchmarking test for our prototype and when we come into stage of proposing techniques to improve active network performance. We are also going to address issues regarding safety and security in the last stage of the work. The emerging of Application Level Active Networks (ALAN) [10] may also effect the future development of FANS. ALAN is believed as a more realistic way of active network than protocol level applications. We will carefully and throroughly study this hypothesis and may change our research orientation when it is required.

7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work has been partially funded by DAAD and Universität GH Duisburg. The first author is a lecturer of the University of Indonesia who holds a DAAD scholarship and the second author worked a guest researcher in the Department of Data Processing, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universität Duisburg.

Proc. of the International Conf. on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, and Information (CECI2001)

Jakarta-Indonesia, March 7th-8th, 2001

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