语法复习 2

词 法

冠词、代词、名词、数词、介词、感叹词、形容词、副词、动词、连词

非谓语动词（不定式、动名词）

句 法

简单句、并列句、复合句

（宾语从句、状语从句、

*定语从句)

不定冠词

a report an old man

a university an uncle

a house an hour

a European city an empty room

a one-yuan stamp an 8-year-old boy

定冠词

the sun the east

the tallest boy the first day

the Huangpu River the Great Wall

the girl in red the high jump

play the piano the poor

零冠词

history Lesson One

Tom, monitor of Class 3 by bus

Beijing Yangpu Park

play basketball at school

next week my other hand

注意区分

by bus on a bus

in red in a red coat

at night in the night

have lunch have a rich lunch

in space in the sky

Ninth Street the ninth month

数词

two hundred students

hundreds of students

*two hundred of the students

one-third of the students

two-thirds of the students

two hours and a half

two and a half hours

a ten-year-old boy

The boy is ten years old.

He is over fifty years old.

He is in his fifties.

It’s ten minutes’ walk.

It’s a ten-minute walk.

1:10 1:15

1:30 1:58

Class One page 50

a No. 80 bus Room 301

October 1st 1st October

a half two-thirds

three quarters three-fourths

0.82 45%

名词

my father’s friend

a friend of my father’s

the gate of the school

the teachers’ office

the Browns’ house

the Children’s Palace

可数名词与不可数名词

job work

suggestion advice

newspaper news

picnic dinner

coin money

mountain water

book fiction

不同名词的数量表达

a number of students an amount of money

a pair of trousers a piece of advice

a couple of days three cups of tea

a group of boys two loaves of bread

a lot of reporters lots of information

plenty of books plenty of milk

many children much information

a few books a little time

some boys some time

a basket of apples a basket of fruit

a bag of books two bags of money

ten bowls of beans four bowls of rice

D) biscuit

不定代词

one ..., the other (one) ...

one ..., another (one) ..., (the other)

some/five ..., the others (ones) ...

some ..., others (ones) ...

the rest (of sth./sb.) …

Both of them are here.

Neither of them is here.

Either of them is here.

All of them are here.

None of them are (is) here.

either side = both sides

either end = both ends

not all = some

not every = some

not both = either

比较

both sides of the road 路的两边

either side of the road 路的两边

each side of the road 路的每一边

all sides of the square 广场的四周

every side of the square 广场的每

一边

There are some sheep in the fields.

There is something strange in the sky.

Would you lend me some money?

Shall we have some fish instead of chicken?

Will you get us something to drink?

If you have any questions, please let me know.

Any student can join the singing group.

Anyone can work out the problem.

Tom is taller than any girl in his class.

Mary is taller than any other girl in her class.

Jack is taller than anyone else in his class.

any boy = any of the boys

any other boy = any of the other boys

anyone else = any of the others

形容词/副词

She is a beautiful dancer.

The dancer is beautiful.

Let’s do something to make the city more beautiful.

She dances beautifully.

I really agree with him.

Luckily she won the first prize.

原级

so good too bad

very clever quite important

rather difficult old enough

as often as not as/so easy as

比较级

bigger than much better

far more useful even earlier

still greater a little longer

better and better

The earlier…, the better…

最高级

the fastest in our class

the tallest of the three

the second longest river

one of the longest rivers

among the best films

注意区分

quickly soon

good well

alive living

far long

high tall

hard hardly

形容词副词同形

early early

fast fast

hard hard

high high

late late

注意区分

sometime tomorrow

spend some time in Beijing

sometimes get up late

visit Beijing some times

Maybe he is ill.

He may be ill.

感叹词

What a clever boy he is!

How clever the boy is!

What nice weather it is!

How nice the weather is!

What beautiful flowers (they are)!

How beautiful the flowers are!

What important information it is!

What useful advice he gave us!

What interesting news it is!

What beautiful music he is playing!

What good work he has done!

What great fun it is to fly a kite here!

*What an interesting news report it is!

What a great help it is to know English!

What a good time they are having!

What a quick lunch he has had!

What a happy life we are living!

What a heavy rain we had last night!

系动词

sound beautiful

look angry feel soft

taste delicious

smell good

seem strange

become useful get angry turn red come true keep warm

look angrily at sth.

fall ill

stay awake

grow dark

go wrong

特殊动词

keep the room clean

make the city greener

find the man dead

leave the door open

get everything ready

set the man free

have gone to Beijing

have been to Beijing some times

have been in Beijing for some time

have been there twice

have been there for two days

raise your hand (vt)

raise the temperature (vt)

the temperature rises (vi)

The river rose two feet. (vi)

The sun rises in the east.

He rose early to do some reading.

He rose to answer the question.

enter for the item =sign up for

take part in the group singing

join in the group singing

join the singing group

attend the meeting / a concert

go to the meeting / a concert

go in for the long jump / music

put up a picture / one’s hand

put down a basket

put off a meeting

put out a fire

take up English

take down a map

pull down a house

reach the picture on the wall

reach the town

arrive at the town

arrive tomorrow

get to the town

reach /get /arrive home

sb. spend time doing sth.

sb. spend time on sth.

sth. take (sb) time

it take sb. time to do sth.

it take time for sb. to do sth.

sb. pay money for sth.

sb. spend money on sth.

sb. buy sth. for money

sth. cost (sb) money

It cost sb. money to do sth.

How much is …? How much does ...cost?

What’s the price of …?

put on a pair of glasses

wear a red T shirt

have a coat on

dress sb. in a red coat

be dressed in a red coat = wear

look for a book in the room

search the room for the book

find a mistake

find out who broke the window

discover a new star

listen to the report

hear the news

look at the blackboard

see a UFO

read a card/ map

watch a match

visit a friend

look at page one

look out of the window

look after the child

look like a worker

look up a word

look for a pen

look forward to meeting you

bring the book when you come here

take the book when you go there

fetch some water

send / post/ mail him a letter

carry fifty passengers

carry much water

move into a new flat

say something

say it/ this/ that

say a word/ a few words

say good morning to sb.

say (to sb.) that ...

What did you ____ at the meeting?

tell the time/ the way/ the difference

tell a story/ the truth/ the news

tell sb. about the book/ his work/ life

tell sb. to do sth.

tell sb. that ...

can tell wh.

What did you ____ him to ____ at the party?

talk about sth.

talk with/to sb. about sth.

speak English

speak at the meeting

speak to sb. about sth.

Are you going to _____ at the meeting?

What are you going to ____ at the meeting?

情态动词

May I watch TV?

No, you mustn’t/ may not/ can’t.

Must I do the work?

No, you needn’t.

may be 可能是

must be 一定是

can’t be 不可能是

注意区分

You needn’t help him.

You don’t need to help him.

He doesn’t need money.

He needs help. (He need help.*)

He is in need of help.

介词

at night at eight

at first at the moment

at present at the weekend

at school at home

at the gate at the airport

at the end of the road

in the morning in the night

in September in spring

in 2010 in the future

in the beginning in a minute

in no time in one’s fifties

in the factory in the city

in the forest in the river

in the world in space

on Friday on Friday night

on weekdays on time

on the night of June 1st

on a cold spring morning

on the farm on the wall

on the right on the third floor

on one’s side on one’s way

over the head under the tree

above the head below the hill

between the two among the students

along the river around the lake

about the city on modern jazz

besides 加法

except 减法

Besides Tom, Jack also went fishing.

Except Tom, we all went fishing.

in addition 此外（还）

Mary gave me sandwiches for my picnic and a bag of cookies in addition.

不用介词

this evening that morning

these days all day

one morning one day

last week next Tuesday

go to school on foot

walk to school

go to school by bus

take a bus to school

go home by bike

ride a bike home

go to the factory in a hurry

hurry to the factory

by bus

on the bus

go to school by bus / on the bus

take a bus to school

by phone

on the phone

get on the bus （大车）

get into the taxi （小车）

time for money for

ticket for wish for

ambition for postage for

visit to way to

entrance to key to

answer to solution to

bridge to trip to

be good at be surprised at

be satisfied with be angry with

be busy with be covered with

be careful with be pleased with

be famous for be late for

be ready for be sorry for

be familiar to be used to

be thankful to be harmful to

be fond of be afraid of

be proud of be full of

疑问词

How far (ten minutes’ walk)

How soon (in ten minutes)

How fast (a mile in ten minutes)

How long (for ten minutes)

How often (twice a day)

How many (two)

How much (two yuan/two kilos)

--What did you buy?

--Nothing.

--Who did you meet?

--No one.

--How many books did you buy?

--None.

--How much bread did you eat?

--None.

动词不定式

作定语：

a newspaper to read

two letters to write

something to eat

some homework to do

a room to live in

a pen to write with

a film to talk about

动词不定式

作宾语：

decide to have a meeting

want to join the army

hope to see the movie

like to keep a pet

try to solve the problem

learn to sing this song

remember to close the door

expect to visit the city

Begin to rain hard

know what to do next

tell us where to go

动词不定式

作宾补：

tell sb. not to play in the street

ask sb. to turn off the light

teach sb. to swim

invite sb. to have dinner

wish sb. to win the first prize

expect sb. to come early

want sb. to be a doctor

help sb. to clean the room

动词不定式

作宾补：

let sb. have another try

make sb. work hard

see sb. go out of the room

watch sb. play football

hear sb. break the window

动词不定式

作状语：

get up early (in order) to read English

go to Beijing to attend the meeting

clean the streets to welcome the new year

turn on the TV to watch the match

jump into the river to save the child

give up smoking to keep healthy

come to Shanghai to do some shopping

动词不定式

be strong enough to do the heavy work

be tall enough to reach the picture

be easy enough for sb. to read

be big enough for sb. to wear

be too old to work any longer

be too busy to join us in the game

be too difficult for sb. to finish in a day

be too dirty for sb. to live in

连词(宾语从句)

I don’t know when he will come.

Would you please tell me if he will come tonight?

I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.

连词（状语从句）

We will hold a meeting when Mr Lee comes back.

He will phone us if he comes tomorrow.

We shall go on with the game if the rain stops.

语序不变

Could you tell me which is the way to the office?

I don’t know what’s wrong with the watch.

He didn’t tell us what was the matter with him.

Compare:

Do you know who the man is?

I wonder what the trouble is.

Tell me how many books there are in the box.

连词（并列句和条件状语从句）

Work harder, and you will make much progress.

If you work hard, you will make much progress.

Get up now, or you will miss the early bus.

If you don’t get up now, you will miss the early bus.

Unless you get up now, you will miss the early bus.