初中英语--宾语从句专项复习

宾语从句

复习目标：

1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词

2、掌握宾语从句的语序——主句+连接词+主语+谓语

3、掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。 重点：语序和时态呼应

难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状

语从句的辨析 考点梳理： 一、宾语从句的连接词： 1、连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。引导陈述句做宾语从句

eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. 2、连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。

eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

He asked me whether or not I was coming.

一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：

①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.

②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句。 eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.

I wonder where he got so much money. 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。

eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents.

2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.

二、宾语从句的语序：

宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结

构。

Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)

The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)

陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” à She said

she would leave a message on the desk.

一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are.

三、宾语从句的时态呼应： 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受

；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳) I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)

【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。

eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 四、其他需要说明的问题： 1、标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。

eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?

2、要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。 3. 语序例外的特例。

What’s the matter? 作为宾语从句时有两种前况。当它的解释是“怎么了？”时，语序不要变化。当它的解释是 “ 这

是什么物质？”时，要变为陈述句语序。如： The teacher asked the students what the matter was. The teacher asked the students what was the matter ?

4.宾语从句否定意义的转移。

在think , believe , suppose, imagine等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：

I don’t think he has time to play with girl.

状语从句

一、什么是状语从句？

用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。 二、状语从句的分类。 1. 时间状语从句用法要点。

凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具体用法如下：

1. when 意为“当„„时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如：

I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你（们）来看我时，我感到很高兴。

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。

when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。eg.

He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。

Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。

I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。

I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时，我为一家外国企业工作。 注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。eg.

I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help.

我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。

We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.

我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯都熄灭了。

2. before 意为“在„„之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如： We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。

He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。

after 意为“在„„之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：

After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them

about. 你（们）用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。 He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。

注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.

3. since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。eg.

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。 We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。

注：常用句型：It is +时间段+since从句 译为：自从……有多长时间了。eg.

It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。

4. until 意为“直到„„时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，从句常用否定形式, not... until... 意为“直到„„才„„”，这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如： I'll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续)

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续) 5. as soon as 意为“一„„就„„”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例如：

I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。

6. while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与……同时，在……期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。eg. They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。

注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。eg.

I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。 7. till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到……为止”，not … till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用点动词。eg.

I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。

We won't start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。 2. 条件状语从句用法要点。

我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如：

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。

If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。 3. 地点状语从句用法要点。

常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）eg. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

We will go wherever the motherland need us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。 4. 原因状语从句用法要点。

常用的引导连词有because, as和since。三者的区别是：在回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg.

Why did you go? I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去？那是因为汤姆叫我去。

He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.

他很生气不是因为我们来迟了，而是因为我们弄出了声音。 As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。

Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。

5. 目的状语从句用法要点。

常用的引导连词有so that, that和in order that译为：以便，为了，目的是。eg.

Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。

I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。

I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might

reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。

注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语eg. We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。 三：主句与从句时态一致的问题。

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况：

1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如：

Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。

The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。

2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如：

She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。

宾语从句和状语从句的区分

eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.

2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.

句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从 句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。 判断方法：

1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。

2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当

宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”， 充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”

3．从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连

词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一

般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.

An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.

They don’t know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend

Could you tell me when （什么时候）the train arrives ? We’ll go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

=If doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall. They knew each other when（当……时候）they were children.

=When they were children

1. He said ________ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.

A. that B. where C. which D. what 2. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if

3. A: Could you tell me ________ she is looking for? B: Her cousin, Susan.

A. that B. whose C. who D. which 4. I want to know________.

A. what is his name B. what's his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 5. Could you tell me________?

A. when did Tom come back B. when does Tom come back

C. when Tom will come back D. when Tom comes back

6. A: Could you tell me ________? B: I'm not sure.

A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day

C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start

7. Mr. King didn't know ________ yesterday evening.

A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home

C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home

8. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ Christmas Day.

A. is B. was C. has been D. which

9. I wonder ________ you would like to come to my

birthday party.

A. that B. whether C. that if D. that whether

10. A: I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?

B: Usually it comes by 4:00.

A. how B. where C. when D. what

11. Do you know ________ during the coming holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did

12. The teacher told us that light ________ much faster than sound.

A. travels B. traveled C. would travel D. had traveled

13. Do you know if ________ back next week? If he ________ back, please let me know.

A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come