It 的用法

It 的用法

It 虽小用处很大。现将其用法归纳如下：

一．代词it的用法：

（1）指事物，人（不明性别或何人时），婴孩、动物（不提性别）或昆虫等。 (Someone is ringing.)Who's it? It's me.

Mrs.Yang had a baby last night．It weighs 4 kilos. The baby cried because it is hungry. What's that? It's a silkworm.

注：指大动物，如马、大象等或指人们心爱的宠物，如猫、狗等时，可用“he”或“she”，而不用“it”。 When the children saw a horse coming, they stopped and looked at him. （2）表达时间、日期、季节、天气、距离、环境，温度等。 \"What's the date?\" \"It is the third of October． \"What time is it?\" \"It's five to twelve．\" It is very hot in summer.

How far is it from here to the station？ I like it here very much. （3）“it”可以代表前述的事物、短语或句子

Don't let your children play with matches or lighters．It is dangerous. \"Jim can solve that puzzle．\" \"I don't believe it．\"

When the company closes down, it (i.e. this event) will affect some staff's future. Look up the word in the dictionary ，if it is difficult to you. I can't stand it （=this situation） any longer. 例题：（2006年全国卷I）If I can help _______， I don't like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them

析：本题选C。这里it用作代词，指代的是working late into the night这件事；if one can help it意为“如果可能，如果办得到”。本句的意思为“要是办得到，我也不愿意工作到深夜”。

二．引导词it 的用法：

（1）It 用作形式主语 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或是从句的主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 ①用不定式作主语的这类句子很多。 It’s our duty to do it.

It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day. It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.

It is very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)

②能以动名词作主语的这类句子比较少，主要在以no use, no good, useless, a waste of time/money, worthwhile等词作表语的句子中用。

It’s no use talking to him about it.

It is useless crying over the spilt milk.

Is it worthwhile making such an experiment? It is a waste of time your talking to him.

（3）用从句作主语的这类句子不少，这个从句可以用连词that 引起，也可以用一个连接代词或连接副词引起。It is very likely that their group will get ahead of us.

It was clear that they had no desire for peace. It seems that Mr Green’s idea is more practical. It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. It is said that he’s doing fine at school. It doesn’t matter what you do.

补充： 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。 Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow? Is it true that he will go abroad next week? （2）It 用作形式宾语 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 ① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, believe，suppose等）；本句式的实际宾语不可以移入\"it\"的位置而把\"it\"省略。 1)不定式

She found it very difficult to answer the question. He feels it his duty to help others.

He made it a rule to talk to him in English every day. I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 2)动名词

I think it no need talking about it with them. You must find it exciting working here.

Don't you find it a waste of time watching television too much? 3) 以it作形式宾语的句子

We have made it clear that learning English is important.

I think it very important that we should take part in the discussion. They kept it quiet that he was dead.

I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.

Our teacher made it a rule that we should get to school 10 minutes ahead of time. 注意以it作形式宾语的句子的几种特殊情况：

① 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，往往不能直接接宾语从句， 如：appreciate， enjoy，like，dislike，hate，love等后可接由if或when等引导的从句，但从句要前加形式宾语it. The boy likes it when he's praised before guests. I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. 例题：（2006年山东）I'd appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.

A. that B. it C. this D. you

②that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；如：see to, depend on/upon, relay on/upon insist on 等，但从句要前加形式宾语it.

You may depend on it that we shall always help you. Would you see to it that she gets home early? He insisted on it that he was innocent. ③由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。 I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. ④下列动词take（认为，理解），hide（隐瞒），publish（公布）等后接由that引导的宾语从句时，往往从句前加上形式宾语it. I take it that you disagree with me.

三、it在特定句型中的运用

1. It is/was + 被强调部分 + that(who) ...

该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其他部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的部分如果是人，在从句中做主语时用who, that；在从句中作宾语时用whom ,that，其余情况一律用 that。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是区别强调句型与其它从句的方法。。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. Why is it that you want to leave so soon?

It is only recently that she has embarked on the learning of Mandarin. It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday.

例题：It was with great joy ___he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建)

A. because B. which C. since D. that (D) 2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...

该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses 例题：It was ___back home after the experiment. (2004 湖北) (C)

A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go 3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....

该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.

4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...

该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ...

该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, etc.

该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. = He is said to have come to Beijing.

It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ....

该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．＂。 It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.

It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...

该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂

竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill.

8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ...

该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.

9. It is the first ( second... last ) time that ...

该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it 有时用 this 替换。此句型可译为“是某人第几次做某事了”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. It was the last time that I had been there.

10. It is(has been/was) some time since ...

此句型可译为“自从…以来已经有多长时间了”。如:

It is / has been more than fifty years since the People’s Republic of China was founded. 中华人民共和国成立已经有五十多年了。

It was three days since he had fallen ill. 他生病已经有三天了。 注意:①如果since从句中的谓语动词为延续性动词时, 应译为“自从不……以来已经有多长时间了”。如: It is / has been seven years since I taught in this school. 我离开这所学校已经有七年了。 ②时态的把握:如果主句运用的是一般现在时或现在完成时,那么since引导的从句用一般过去时，而且是瞬间动词;如果主句运用的是一般过去时,那么since引导的从句常用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is ... when ...

该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当．．．的时候，时间是．．．”。

It was 11:00 when they arrived at the factory.他们到达工厂时是11点。 It was 5 o’clock when he came here. 请比较:

例题：①It will be July 1 ______ we meet again.（D） A. since B. that C. before D. when ②It is on July 1 ______ we will meet again.（B） A. since B. that C. before D. when 12. It be ... before ...

It was/will（not）be long(one week/two years ...)+before从句该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态．

此句型可译为“很久(一周/两年后…)才…”,“不久(一周/两年后…)就…”。如: It was long before he came back.

It will not be long before we meet again. It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will not be long before he finishes his job.

13. It happens (seems, appears, ccurred to me ) that...

该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词． It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. It seems that he will be back in a few days. It appears that he'll be elected.

例题：The Foreign Minister said, “___our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京)

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is (D) 14. It takes （sb）some time... to do sth.

这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth.

该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 16. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ...

该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。 It doesn’t matter if they are old. 17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.

该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.

该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：① important, necessary, natural ② easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：

It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party 19. It looks ( seems ) as if ...

该句型中it无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．

It looks as if he is ill. It looks as if he were ill. It seemed as if he were dying.

20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.

该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“7123结构”。 7指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel ,take； 1 指的是形式宾语 it；

2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；

3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well.

例题：They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. -Do you like ____here?

-Oh, yes .The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004 全国卷二)

A. this B. these C. that D. it (D)

21. It is (just) like sb. to do sth. 该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。。。这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。 It’s like him to leave the work to others. 他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。

It isn’t like him to have said anything like that. 22. It is up to sb. to do sth.

该句型为“该由某人做。。。”。该句型中up后的to是介词。 It is up to him to clean our classroom today. It is up to parents to teach their children manners.

23. It is one’s turn to do sth. 该句型为“轮到某人做…”。不定式是句子的真正主语。

It is your turn to clean our classroom today. 24. It is no wonder that…

在该句型中如果用肯定形式，表示“真奇怪，真是令人惊讶”；wonder前的no还可以用small等词替换，在口语中，It is ….. that可以省略。

It is a wonder that he reused such a good offer. It is no wonder that he didn’t want to go. ＝No wonder he didn’t want to go.

25. We are counting on it that you will come.

该句型中的it是一个形式宾语，表示模糊意思或代替后面that 引导的宾语从句。因为在这个句型中的谓语动词都是需要跟宾语的，但又不能直接跟从句作宾语，于是就得在从句前加上一个形式宾语it。常见的短语和动词有：answer for（担保），insist on， see to（确保），count on (依靠，指望，期盼), see to(负责), depend on (依靠), rely on(信赖，依靠), look forward to (盼望),等。 I am counting on it that you will come.

Would you see to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim？ We are counting on it that you will come. You may rely on it that she won’t be late. I’ll see to it that everything is ready.

They are looking forward to it that Mis Li will come back from the USA.

四、补充it的几个特殊用法：

1、几个习惯用语： That’s it! 对啦！是这样！So it seems．好像是这样。 That’s the best of it! 那最好了！Keep at it！继续干！It can’t be helped. 没办法。It is my turn轮到我了。

2、几个句式：It strikes me that使某人忽然想起...；It occurred to me that某人忽然想起...； be that as it may即使如此, 尽管这样;\"It follows that…\"=\"It happens as a result…\"\"由此可见\"，\"因此\"，\"可以推断\"等; When it comes to...当提到... ； If it comes to that...如果事情到了那种地步...

3、make it ①表示“成功;做到;赶上”。

如: The train is due to leave in five minutes ? we will never make it . You can’t make it to the other shore in this weather. ②表示“规定时间”。如: －Shall we meet next week? 下星期我们碰一次头好吗?

－Yes. Let’s make it next Sunday. 好的,让我们约定下星期日碰头吧。

例题：A：How about going to the park?

B: OK. Let's make it______.

A. 7:00 B: at 7:00

析： 应说Can we make it 7:00 instead? 没有at 也可以说Can we go at 7:00 instead? 4、as it is ①用于句前,表示“事实上”。如:

I thought he would get better, but as it is, he is getting worse. 我认为他会好转,但事实上他一直在恶化。 ②用于句末,表示“照原样”。如:

Leave the chair as it is. 那椅子照原样放着,别动。

We don't see things as they are,we see them as we are。 ③as it were可以说;在某种程度上 He is, as it were, a walking dictionary. 他好比是一本活字典。

五、能立提升

高考预测：

1．______that there will be another good harvest this autumn. A. He is said B. It is said C. It says D. It was said

2.______ she was free on Monday morning, A. That happened B. It is happened that C. It happened to D. It happened that 3.___three years since he joined the army. A. That is B. It is C. This is D. It was

4. ________is good ___you to have taken good care of your classmates. A. This; to B. It; for C. That; it D. It; of 5. What a long way ____________! A. it is B is it C. is that D. This is

6. Does ______matter if I am late for the meeting tomorrow? A. this B. it C. that D. which

7. ________makes me sick to think of the matter. A. That B It C. This D. Which

8. The parents will never forget that _____ the doctor __had saved their child’s life. A. It is; that B. It was; that

c. That is; when D. It was; when

9._____about half past ten ______we got to the station. A. It is; that B. It was; that

C. That is; when D. It was; when

10. We consider ___our duty helping him. A. it B. that C. which D. that 答案: 1-5 BDBDA 6-10 BBBDA

模拟练习：

1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office. A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that

2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice. A. that B. this C. it D. them

3. _______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month? A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly

4. _______ doesn’t matter much _______ dress you are going to wear. A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who 5. _______ is going to America for further study. A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he

6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. This B. That C. There D. It

7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. this B. there C. that D. it

8. She liked _______ when he kissed her. A. him B. that C. one D. it

9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. Those D. One

10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our government. A. that B. this C. its D. it

模拟练习: 1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDAD

试比较下列高考题，选出最佳答案：

1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET) A. this B. that C. it D. he

2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.. (MET90) A. this B. that C. its D. it

3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (MET91) A. this B. that C. he D. it

4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help. (MET93) A. he B. which C. she D. it

5. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (MET95) A. There B. This C. That D. It

6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98) A. it B. that C. these D. them 7. Don’t _______ (98)

A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted

8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004) A. this B. that C. it D. one

Key: 高考真题: 1-8 CDDDDADC