选修七 Unit 1.doc

Unit 1 Living well

Ⅰ.单词语境记忆

1．refuse entry into the region 拒绝进入这个地区 2．benches in the park 公园里的长凳

3．the first encouragement I have ever received 我收到的第一份鼓励 4．independent from Europe 脱欧 5．resign his post 辞职 6．adequate space 足够的空间 7．four emergency exits 四个紧急出口 8．with a team of architects 和一队建筑师一起 Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆

1．fellow adj.同伴的；同类的→n.同伴；同志；伙伴 2．conduct n．行为；品行→vt.指挥；管理；主持 3．row n．行；排→vt.& vi.划(船)

4．suitable adj.适合的；适宜的→suit n．一套外衣；西装 v．适合 5．beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit n．& v．利益；使受益 6．adapt vt.使适应；改编→adaptation n．适应；改编

7．absence n．缺席；不在某处→absent adj.缺席的；心不在焉的

8．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n．烦恼

9．psychology n．心理(学)→psychologically adv.心理(学)地；精神上地→psychologist n．心理学家

10．assistance n．协助；援助→assist v．帮助；援助→assistant n．助手 11．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词 12．graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼→graduate v．毕业 n．毕业生

13．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的

14．approval n．赞成；认可→approve v．支持；赞成；同意→disapprove v．不赞成

15．disability n．伤残；无力；→disable vt.使残疾；使失去能力→disabled adj.伤残的；有缺陷的→able adj.能；有能力的；能干的→ability n．能力 16．ambition n．雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的 Ⅲ.单词趣味串记

1．The firm bench is made in that firm. 这个结实的长凳是由那家公司生产的。

2．His companion in that company resigned last week. 他在那家公司的同伴上周辞职了。

3．He can well communicate with the elder in the community activities.他在社区活动中能够很好地和老人们交流。

『联想记忆』

1．“dis－”前缀表示 “使……消失” ①disable 使残疾；使失去能力 ②discourage 使失去勇气；使气馁 ③distract 使分心；转移 ④disappear 使……消失 ⑤disroot 连根拔除

2．含“－val”结尾的名词集锦 ①arrive→arrival 到达 ②remove→removal 移除 ③approve→approval 赞成 ④survive→survival 生存

⑤revive→revival 复兴

3．英语中“双胞胎”相似词一览 ①flash(闪光)→flesh(肉体) ②access(接近)→assess(评估) ③expect(期待)→expert(专家) ④divorce(离婚)→diverse(不同的) ⑤aboard(在船上)→abroad(在国外) 4．“收入与支出”高频词集锦 ①earn/make money 挣钱 ②make a profit 谋求利润 ③make ends meet 收支相抵 5．courage相关单词一览 ①courage n. 勇气 ②encourage vt. 鼓励 ③encouragement n. 鼓励 ④encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的 ⑤discourage vt. 使泄气 ⑥discouragement n. 泄气；灰心 6．“生气”相关单词聚焦 ①annoy vt. 使……不悦 ②annoyed adj. 生气的 ③annoying adj. 使人烦恼的 ④angry adj. 生气的 ⑤anger n. 生气 ⑥upset adj. 心烦的

『短语背诵』

1．adapt to适合

2．cut out 切去；省略；停止

3．all in all 总而言之 4．sit around 闲坐着 5．as well as 和；也 6．make fun of 取笑 7．never mind 不必担心

8．all the best (口)(祝你)一切顺利 9．meet with 遇到；经历；会晤 10．out of breath 上气不接下气 11．in other words 换句话说 12．in many ways 在很多方面

『词块积累』

1．a muscle disease 一种肌肉病 2．bump into furniture 磕碰到家具上 3．live one day at a time 活一天算一天 4．represent my country 代表我的国家 5．get weaker and weaker 变得越来越虚弱 6．under a microscope 在显微镜下 7．halfway up the stairs 爬一半楼梯 8．my education suffered 我落了许多功课 9．behind the others 落后于别人 10．inside my body 我的内心世界 11．wide enough 足够宽

12．have trouble hearing 听力有障碍 13．in a special area 在一个特定的区域 14．a long way from 离……很远

1．One problem is that I don’t look any different from other people. 问题是我看上去跟平常人一样。

2．My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow

up.

我的雄心是长大后我要在开发电脑软件的公司里工作。

3．I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。

4．Just accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.

要接受他们，给他们以鼓励让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。 5．In particular I wonder if you have considered the following things... 尤其是我想知道以下几点不知您是否考虑到了……

6．Of course，there are usually spaces specially reserved for disabled and elderly drivers.

当然还得专门为残疾司机和老年司机安排停车场。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．I used to have many friends and be outgoing (外向的)，but now I have few friends，and I become a little quiet.

2．Not only do they have to take care of their children’s life and study but also they must teach them how to conduct (管理) themselves.

3．From my point of view，we are supposed to focus on adequate (充分的) preparations before examinations.

4．Last but not least，it would be handy (方便的) to provide disabled people with special toilets.

5．Surrounded by rows (行；排) of trees，our library stands out from all the other buildings.

6．First，we can organize the children in this community (社区) to clean up our neighborhood.

7．He resigned (辞职) from office and devoted himself entirely to painting at home. 8．The Swedish Academy awarded Bob Dylan the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature (文学) for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song

tradition.

9．Being an architect (建筑师) has been her dream since she was a little girl. 10．The three travellers on the train made good companions (伙伴)． Ⅱ.词性变化练习

1．I hope that these arrangements meet with your approval (approve)．

2．For a long time，mental disability was considered shameful and the mentally disabled received little treatment or encouragement.(disable) 3．His friend’s encouraging words were a great encouragement to him.(encourage) 4．Free Internet access at home is a huge step in making online education accessible to everybody.(access)

5．The young man with great ambition had an ambitious plan to build a school in the poor village.(ambition)

6．My husband’s talking with full food in his mouth annoyed me.Although I am annoyed with him about his annoying habit，he can’t get rid of it.(annoy) 7．The young assistant often assists us in preparing tools for experiments.(assist) 8．As we all know，fresh air is beneficial to our health and the new park benefits us all，so we should keep it clean.(benefit) Ⅲ.选词填空

in other words，adapt to，cut out，out of breath，all in all，sit around，as well as，in many ways，make fun of，never mind，all the best，meet with 1．—Look! Tom is out__of__breath． —So would you if you had a long running.

2．It’s bad manners for you to make__fun__of the disabled. 3．—Would you like to be my close friend?

—Of course! Let’s share in our troubles as__well__as in our joys. 4．No matter what difficulty you meet__with，carry out your plan. 5．In the hall several young girls were sitting__around looking bored. 6．He wished them all__the__best of luck，and he left.(陕西高考完形) 7．The children found it hard to adapt__to their new school. 8．The wind is so strong.In__other__words，it is not good for you to surf in the sea today.

9．He looks like his father in__many__ways，such as eyes，the nose and so on. 10．—I’m sorry I broke your vase. —Never__mind．I can buy a new one.

11．The book has some weak points，but all__in__all，I consider it a success. 12．You can cut__out the unimportant details when reading through the article. Ⅳ.补全句子

1．One__problem__is__that I could not get along with others in the new school. 问题是我在新学校里无法和别人好好相处。

2．My__ambition__is__to__explore__space when I grow up. 我雄心壮志是长大后要探索太空。

3．I am too busy，with__no__time__to__sit__around． 我很忙，没有时间闲坐着。

4．The young man hopes to live as__simple__a__life__as his grandpa. 这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过着俭朴的生活。 5．I__wonder__if you could give me some advice. 我想知道您是否可以给我一些建议。

6．There__is__much__material__wasted in our daily life. 在我们的日常生活中，很多东西被浪费了。

核心要点突破

1．adapt vt.使适应；改编

(1)adapt (oneself) to 使……适应于…… adapt sth from 根据……改编某物 adapt...for 为……而改写/改编…… (2)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本 单句语法填空

①During the one－month stay，I had to adapt myself to their American lifestyle and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture.

②As far as I know，the TV play is__adapted(adapt)from a true story.

③She is a famous romantic novelist.Three of her novels have been adapted for TV play.

④The film is an adaptation(adapt)of Mo Yan’s story.

[佳句背诵] To all of you，fresh students，how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.(江西高考满分作文)

新生同学们，对你们大家来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要问题。

2．absence n．缺席；不在某处

(1)in the absence of sb＝ in one’s absence某人不在时 (2)absent adj. 不在的；缺席的

be absent from... 不参加……；缺席…… 单句语法填空

①It was his absence (absent) of mind during driving that resulted in a terrible accident.

②He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease. [佳句背诵] I took pride in what I had done in the absence of my father.(北京高考满分作文)

我为自己在爸爸不在家时的表现感到自豪。 3．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼 (1)annoyed adj.恼火的；颇为生气的 be annoyed with sb 生某人的气 be annoyed at/about sth 因某事生气 (2)annoying adj. 恼人的；烦人的 单句语法填空

①Have you ever been annoyed with yourself when you forget something important?

②Failure is annoying (annoy)，but what failure can teach us may never be taught in other ways.

[佳句背诵] To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.(2016·江苏高考书面表达)

老实说，有些时候投票者感到不悦，并不是因为他们不喜欢投票，而是因为他们要在情感和公正之间做出抉择。 4．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺

sth(1)congratulate sb on就……向某人祝贺

doing sth

(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜

congratulations to sb on sth 祝贺某人某事 单句语法填空

①Congratulate you on receiving the second highest score in the exam.

②We offer our congratulations (congratulate) to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.

[佳句背诵] I want to express my sincere congratulations on your success. 我想对你的成功表示诚挚的祝贺。

5．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性；权利等 (1)have access to 拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入 give access to 准许进入(接近)

(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 be accessible to... 可接近；可靠近；可使用…… 一句多译

孩子们应该有上网的机会。

→Kids__should__have__access__to__the__Internet.(access) →The__Internet__should__be__accessible__to__kids.(accessible)

[佳句背诵] These ratings，easy to be accessible，are playing an increasingly important role in customers’ purchase decision.(2018·江苏高考满分作文) 这些排名很容易使用，并且在消费者的购买决定中起了越来越重要的作用。 [名师指津] access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。

6．in other words换句话说 (1)in a word 总之；简言之

word comes/came that... 有消息传来说…… (2)keep one’s word 遵守诺言 break one’s word 失信；不守诺言 have a word with... 与……谈一谈 have words with... 与……拌嘴/吵架 补全句子

①In__other__words，a smile could serve as a bridge to connect two people and shorten the distance between two hearts.

换句话说，微笑是连接两人之间的桥梁并能缩短两颗心之间的距离。

②In__a__word，as long as we do more listening，speaking，reading and writing，we will learn English well.

总之，只要我们多听、多说、多读、多写，我们就能学好英语。

③Word__came__that the 2024 Olympic Games would be held in Paris，France. 有消息说2024年奥运会将在法国巴黎举办。

[佳句背诵] In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful.(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)

总之，我的生活会越来越丰富多彩。 7．out of breath 上气不接下气 (1)hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸

catch one’s breath 喘息；恢复正常呼吸 lose one’s breath 喘不过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 (2)breathe v. 呼吸 单句语法填空

①We held our breath while Mr.Evans read the exam results. ②He took a deep breath and dived into the water.

③But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：

the air you breathe(breath)．

[佳句背诵] Tired and out of breath，I reached the top of the mountain. 我到达了山顶，十分疲劳，喘不过气来。 8．现在分词短语作伴随状语

I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.(教材原句) 我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。

feeling sorry for myself为现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主动关系。

(1)现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。

(2)现在分词除在句中作状语外，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。 ①Having realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.(安徽高考满分作文)

你已经意识到时间是有限的，必须气定神闲、毫不犹豫地为你的目标而努力。 ②The traditional Chinese festivals，such as the Mid－autumn Festival and the Spring Festival，have been set as official holidays，providing (provide) people with more chances to travel with their family and friends.

③We call for less homework，which leaves students more time to sleep and take exercise.

→We call for less homework，leaving__students__more__time__to sleep and take exercise．

考纲词汇专练

Ⅰ.多义词专练——选择语境中词汇的含义 1．meet with

A．遇到 B．经历 C．会晤

①She was worried that he might have met with a car accident. B

②Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases which/that beginners of English are likely to meet with. A ③It is reported that he will meet with senior American politicians next week. C 2．cut out

A．切去 B．省略 C．停止(做某事)

①I would cut out the bit about working as a waitress. B ②He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking. C ③His right arm was cut out because of the serious wound. A Ⅱ.微阅读——写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性和词义

Harry, majoring in ①psychology at college, had never given up his ambition to become an ②architect.He took courses in architecture at weekends and finally got a ③certificate.Unfortunately, he became disabled after an injury.His clumsy movements made him ④annoyed.However, encouragements from his parents kept up his spirits.He managed to ⑤adapt himself quickly to his disability.One day, after conducting a survey, he decided to help the disabled ⑥abolish their barriers.His decision gained his father’s ratification.He even ⑦resigned and came to his assistance.Despite lack of ⑧adequate funding, Harry succeeded in designing a toilet ⑨accessible to wheelchair users.Letters of congratulations poured in from his ⑩community, which helped win back his dignity. ①n.心理学 ②n.建筑师 ③n.证书 ④adj.颇为生气的 ⑤vt.使适应 ⑥vt.废除；废止 ⑦vi.辞职 ⑧adj.足够的；充分的 ⑨adj.可接近的 ⑩n.社区

Ⅲ.微完形——根据语境选出正确选项

Yang Ming’s ambition was to get an architect certificate or become a bowling master.But when he was __1__ experiments with a microscope in the basement, a tank on the bench exploded, sending him flying outwards through the exit.He lost his __2__ as well as 70% of his hearing.In other words, he was disabled.Feeling __3__， he was annoyed at first though nobody made fun of him.He __4__ going outdoors and just sat around at home talking to his parrot or tortoise silently.His sister resigned to help him in many ways.Her __5__ and encouragement were so beneficial to his

psychology that he __6__ his disability soon and became outgoing again. 1．A.abolishing C．rowing 2．A.eyesight C．dignity 3．A.ambitious C．suitable 4．A.met with C．cut out 5．A.disability C．benefit

6．A.gained access to C．came across

B．conducting D．approving B．certificate D．companion B．noisy D．clumsy B．sat around D．congratulated on B．assistance D．psychology B．put down D．adapted to

答案 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.D

Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考常考 1．In many ways，children live in a world absolutely different from adults. 2．We used to just sit around for hours talking about the meaning of life. 3．His daughter is actually active and noisy(noise) this morning. 4．With support and encouragement(encourage) from their parents，children will make their way to success gradually.

5．Learning that he was appointed as manager of the firm，he was too excited to__say(say) a word. 6．I was ambitious(ambition) to be admitted into a key university. 7．John’s hearing(hear) was starting to get worse in his old age. 8．Cycling is highly beneficial(benefit) to health and the environment. 9．Though he has only one leg，the novelist’s disability(ability) doesn’t stop him doing what he wants.

10．She was quick to come to my assistance(assist) when I was anxious for her help. Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空——不规则变化

1．While doing my homework last night，I met(meet) with a problem difficult to solve. 2．I tried to avoid being__made(make) fun of，but in vain. 3．They cut(cut) out a piece of muscle and looked at it. Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错易混

1．Just as I stepped into the shower，the phone rang.It was so annoyed.annoyed→annoying

2．From the flats we have an easy access to shops and schools.去掉an 3．Congratulation on your exam results！Congratulation→Congratulations 4．I’m about to wear a pair of boots suitably for walking.suitably→suitable 5．All of all，he is a boy who has potential to become a star.of→in

6．We have an adequately supply of firewood to last the winter.adequately→adequate 7．He had been resigned from the big company，which panicked his family.去掉been 8．They asked him to leave，in other word，he got fired.word→words Ⅳ.根据语境选出加黑词的正确含义——熟词生义 A．used B．damaged C．approachable

1．One more look and he noticed fire shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.They then heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked(毁坏的) vehicle. B

2．The road is closed but can be accessed by emergency vehicles. A 3．Even if he is a powerful leader，you will find him very accessible. C

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Where to go on the Norfolk Coast

Weybourne

Weybourne is a fishing resort and close to the historic market town of Holt.Since this village is a designated conservation area，there are many fine examples of Norfolk

brick and pretty cottages dating from the 17th century.The area is excellent for walking and enjoying the countryside and coast.There are opportunities to see wildlife and bird－watching is very popular. Kelling

Kelling is a small attractive residential village，which contains a reading room，which is now a book shop，gallery and tea room.Surrounding Kelling and Weybourne are Kelling Heath and Muckleburgh Hill，two raised areas of outstanding natural beauty. Holkham

Holkham is on the beautiful North Norfolk Coast.Holkham Bay is the most extensive，diverse and dramatic nature reserve in Norfolk，with windswept sand dunes，a maze of creeks，shady pinewoods，green pastures and marshes (湿地)．Across the coast road is Holkham Hall，home of the Coke family. Sea Palling

Sea Palling is a small，quiet family seaside resort on the East Norfolk Coast.A number of reefs have been built as part of the coast defenses and they calm the waves making Sea Palling an ideal place to swim or for children to play.There are plenty of facilities for such a small resort，including a pub，cafe，shop and small amusement arcade. Salthouse

Salthouse is situated on the salt marsh of the North Norfolk Coast.Now，the village is a lovely quiet spot to enjoy the views over the marshes and bird－watchers come from all over to observe both common and rare species.The beach is a large pebble bank and is the only protection from the hard north winds，high tides and severe weather.The village contains the attractive Parish Church of St.Nicholas.

【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。英格兰的诺福克海岸有哪些美景可以欣赏？一起来了解一下。

1．Which would most suit a couple with a kid who like to play and swim? A．Kelling. C．Sea Palling.

B．Holkham. D．Weybourne.

答案 C [细节理解题。根据Sea Palling部分中的they calm the waves making Sea

Palling an ideal place to swim or for children to play可知选C项。] 2．What do Weybourne and Salthouse have in common? A．They are situated close to Holt. B．They are well－known for marshes. C．They have unique types of cottages. D．They are attractive to bird－watchers.

答案 D [细节理解题。根据Weybourne部分中的There are opportunities...is very popular以及Salthouse部分中的bird－watchers come from all over to observe both common and rare species可知选D项。] 3．What can visitors do on the Norfolk Coast? A．Climb Muckleburgh Hill in Holkham. B．Drink tea in the reading room in Kelling. C．Enjoy windswept sand dunes in Weybourne. D．Visit the home of the Coke family in Salthouse.

答案 B [细节理解题。根据Kelling部分中的Kelling is a small attractive...gallery and tea room可知选B项。]

B

Marie Tharp was born in Ypsilanti，Mich.，on July 30，1920，into a mapping family.Her father，William Edgar Tharp，was a soil surveyor for the United States Department of Agriculture，and the Tharps went to wherever his work took him.Ms.Tharp once said that by the time she graduated from high school，she had attended two dozen public schools across the country.

She received a bachelor’s degree in English and music from Ohio University in 1943，followed the next year by a master’s degree in geology from the University of Michigan.While working as a geologist for an oil company in Oklahoma，Ms.Tharp earned a degree

in mathematics from the University of Tulsa in 1948.That year，she joined Columbia University’s geology department as a research assistant to the well－known scientist Maurice Ewing.Bruce C．Heezen，who went on to become a leading

geologist and oceanographer，was a graduate student there，and he and Ms.Tharp would share their professional and personal lives for the next three decades.

Before the mid－20th century，little was known about the ocean bottom.In 1949，Mr.Ewing and his team started a quest to map the sea floor using sonar soundings(声呐探测)．Because a research ship was considered no fit place for a woman，Ms.Tharp，working with pen and ruler，plotted the data back in Palisades.With Mr.Heezen，Ms.Tharp compiled the first comprehensive map of the entire ocean bottom，shedding light on a hidden world of huge cracks and valleys，and volcanic ranges stretching for thousands of miles.It was published in 1977.

In his book “The Mapmakers”，John Noble Wilford，a science reporter，described their achievement this way：“Like other pioneering maps，the one by Heezen and Tharp is not complete and not always completely accurate.It is，however，one of the most remarkable achievements in modern cartography(制图学)．It is the summary of more than a century of oceanographic effort.”

Ms.Tharp’s work in plotting the ocean’s bottom would also help gain acceptance for the theory of continental drift(漂移)，still an unpopular theory when she and Mr.Heezen began their cooperation in the late 1940’s.

【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了美国科学家Marie Tharp与Bruce C．Heezen合作，绘制了世界上第一张海底地图。 4．What do we learn about Tharp’s family? A．They loved traveling. B．They moved too often. C．They were quite wealthy. D．They farmed for a living.

答案 B [细节理解题。由第一段中的the Tharps went to...across the country可知，Tharp家搬家非常频繁。]

5．When did Tharp start to work with Heezen? A．In 1943. C．In 1948.

B．In 1944. D．In 1949.

答案 C [细节理解题。由第二段中的Ms.Tharp earned a degree...Maurice Ewing.Bruce C．Heezen可知，Tharp从1948年开始与Heezen合作。] 6．What does the author say about the map in Paragraph 3? A．It was completed on a research ship. B．It was based on Ewing and his team’s studies. C．It went against the theory of continental drift.

D．It was aimed at protecting natural habitats on the sea floor.

答案 B [细节理解题。由第三段中的In 1949，Mr.Ewing and his team started a quest to map the sea floor和plotted the data back in Palisades可知，这张海底地图是以Ewing和他的研究团队获得的研究数据为基础制作的。] 7．How did Wilford look at the map? A．He admired it. B．He tolerated it.

C．He was cautious about it. D．He was doubtful about it.

答案 A [推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，Wilford对这张地图的价值给予了充分肯定。]

C

(2019·日照市联考)Hagfish produce a slime(黏液) when approached by enemies that has caught the attention of scientists from the ETH Zurich(Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)．With further study they hope to use the slime to benefit mankind. While the Atlantic hagfish isn’t all that attractive at first glance with its worm－like shape，it has overcome all difficulties and survived for 300 million years，outliving dinosaurs.Even today，the hagfish continues to populate the sea at vast depths. The slime produced by a hagfish is an extraordinary defense mechanism(机制)：When the fish is attacked，it produces slime that gels(胶化) quickly，even in cold water.This slime suffocates(使窒息) any enemy，thus allowing a caught hagfish to escape unharmed.

“As a chemist and material scientist，I couldn’t help but wonder what this slime

consists of and what allows it to absorb such enormous amounts of water，”Dr.Simon Kuster，research supervisor，said.

Experiments showed the components for the slime are produced in special ventral glands(腹部的腺体)．Two types of cells are within the gland：threads of protein between six and 12 inches long and mucin(黏蛋白)．Researchers say the threads are like spider silk，incredibly tough，and the mucin sits between them，making them slimy.

When in danger，these cells are released and immediately interact with the surrounding sea water to form the suffocating mass.Therefore，researchers say，the slime is nearly 100 percent water and just 0.004 percent gelling matter.How the thread appears with such speed and efficiency when it comes into contact with sea water is still a mystery the team is working to understand.

Now，researchers are trying to mimic the hagfish gel in order to create new gels that can be widely used in our daily life.

Their study was recently published in the journal ACB Biomaterials Science & Engineering.

【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。当盲鳗受到攻击的时候，它会分泌出一种黏液来保护自己，这种黏液可能帮助我们研制出超强的吸水材料。 8．Why do hagfish produce the slime? A．To attack enemy hagfish. B．To hunt for animals. C．To protect themselves. D．To warm themselves.

答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的Hagfish produce a slime(黏液) when approached by enemies和第三段可知，盲鳗分泌这种黏液是为了保护自己。] 9．How would Kuster probably feel about the slime? A．It’s simple. C．It’s amazing.

B．It’s useless. D．It’s frightening.

答案 C [推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Kuster是一名化学家和材料科学家，

他迫切想知道盲鳗黏液的成分，以及这种黏液如何吸收了那么多水分。可以推断，盲鳗的黏液让Kuster感到惊奇。]

10．What happens when a hagfish resists an attack? A．Its body absorbs a lot of sea water. B．Its glands produce two types of cells. C．It catches the enemy with the threads. D．It uses the mucin to poison the enemy.

答案 B [细节理解题。根据第五段中的Two types of cells are within the gland和第六段中的When in danger，these cells are released可知，当盲鳗进行反击的时候，它的腺体会分泌两种细胞。]

11．What does the underlined word “mimic” probably mean? A．Replace. C．Improve.

B．Protect. D．Imitate.

答案 D [词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段内容，联系第一段中的With further study they hope to use the slime to benefit mankind可知，科学家们正在研究如何仿制盲鳗的黏液，制造出新的凝胶。]

D

People often recommend planting trees to make cities greener and healthier.But during heat waves, city trees can actually increase air pollution.Indeed, a new study finds up to 60 percent of the ozone (臭氧) in a city’s air on hot days may have its origin in chemicals released by trees.

City trees offer lots of benefits.They provide cooling shade, absorb carbon dioxide, and also release oxygen into the air.But oxygen is far from the only gas that trees and certain other green plants release into the air.One of these chemicals is a hydrocarbon that can react with burning pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides.The result is the formation of ozone which can cause airway disease.

Galina Churkina and her team wanted to explore how much chemicals released by trees could affect city air.To do this, the researchers turned to a computer.They asked it to model the likely reactions between plant chemicals and nitrogen oxides in air throughout the Berlin city area.

An average daily high there in summer tends to be at roughly 25 ℃.On such a day, chemicals released by area plants would likely have contributed to making about 6 to 20 percent of the ozone in the city’s air.But during a heat wave，when temperatures are more than 30 ℃， tree－chemical emissions(排放物) are also high.

Churkina says her team was not surprised to see the contrary relationship between plants and pollution.The results，Churkina says, suggest city tree－planting programs should not ignore the role plants may play in bad summer air pollution.Adding more trees will improve quality of life only if those cities also undertake plans to sharply cut vehicle pollution.

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了城市绿化除了有净化空气的优点之外，也存在着促进臭氧形成的缺点。

12．How does the ozone come about according to the passage? A．It results from a part of nitrogen oxides. B．It is released by trees and other green plants. C．It directly comes from the burning of oxygen.

D．It is from reactions between hydrocarbons and burning pollutants.

答案 D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of these chemicals is...the formation of ozone”可知，树木还能释放出碳氢化合物，这种化学物质会和像氮氧化物这样燃烧着的污染物发生化学反应，从而导致臭氧的形成。] 13．What can we infer from Churkina’s finding? A．There’s no emissions of chemicals in spring. B．Ozone is the main cause of city air pollution.

C．Further experiments need conducting to support the study. D．Temperatures hardly effect tree－chemical emissions in summer.

答案 D [推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，在夏季，不管温度是高还是低，植物都会释放大量的化学物质，促使城市中臭氧的形成。故选D。] 14．What’s Churkina’s attitude to city tree－planting programs? A．Objective. C．Uncaring.

B．Favorable. D．Disapproving.

答案 A [观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“The results，Churkina says...cut vehicle pollution”可知，Churkina对城市植树项目持客观的态度。] 15．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Dealing with pollution is urgently needed B．Planting trees contributes to city’s environment C．Trees can make summer ozone levels much worse

D．Tree－planting programs’ disadvantages outweigh advantages

答案 C [标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了一项新的研究结果：在夏季，城市中的植物可以释放化学物质，和城市空气中的氮氧化物发生化学反应，进而促使臭氧的形成，加重空气污染。故C项作本文标题最佳。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2019·沈阳市第一次质量检测)As a senior year student，you may have so many pressures coming from so many directions that you can’t figure out what to do first. __1__ When you have many things to do and a lot of demands on your time，you can lose sight of what’s important.One of the best ways to see the big picture—what you want out of life —is to lay out your goals. Pressure points and how to deal with them

Confused or overwhelmed — __2__．Discuss your concerns with a friend，parent or teacher.They may help you find solutions to your problems and worries.

Don’t be too hard on yourself—ease up，take a break and do something you enjoy，daydream，read a book，go out with friends—anything that helps you relax. Problems，problems，problems—recognize your limits.It’s too stressful to try to deal with all your problems at once.__3__． Goal－setting tips

It’s important to remember that goals belong to you—not to your parents，your teachers，or your friends.After you’ve set your goals，identify the skills you have to achieve those goals.__4__，do some research.Try the library，your guidance adviser and teachers，and other people who could help you.

__5__．If your goal is something you no longer want，change it.Identify the barriers to getting your goals.Consider ways to overcome them.Don’t get depressed by a big，long－term goal—see what steps you can take to achieve it and set those steps down as short－term，“doable” goals. A．Too much to do B．Balancing goals in life C．Goals exist to serve you D．Talk to someone you trust

E．If you’re not sure what skills you’ll need

F．As long as you know what skill is important and what isn’t G．Choose what’s most urgent and set aside the rest until later

【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。主要给毕业班的学生提出了面对诸多压力时应该先做什么的建议。

1．B [分析空处位置可知，空处应为段落小标题。下文讲的是在你有很多事情要做，并且在时间上有很多要求时，你可能不清楚什么是重要的，顾全大局的最好办法之一是设计你的目标。由此可知B项“在生活中要平衡目标”符合语境。] 2．D [根据空后的句子“Discuss your concerns with a friend，parent or teacher”可知，该空处表示“和你信任的人交谈”，所以选D项。]

3．G [根据空前的“recognize your limits...your problems at once”可知，同时出现许多问题时，既然没有能力同时处理，那么应该先处理最需要处理的问题，然后再处理其他问题，所以选G项。]

4．E [根据空后的“do some research...could help you”可知，如果你不确定你需要的技能是什么，你可以做研究，可以泡图书馆，可以试着求助于能够帮助你的人，所以选E项。E项中的skills一词照应空前的skills。]

5．C [根据空后的“If your goal is something you no longer want，change it”，如果你的目标是你不再需要的东西，你就改变它，因为目标存在的目的是为你服务的，空处与后面的句子构成因果关系，所以选C项。]