科普知识类 （2011·江西卷） Why should mankind explore space? Why should money， time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that， understandably， are very often asked． Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup（基因构成） as human beings． What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains， and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species， the better its chance of survival． Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible． Nearly every successful civilization has explored， because by doing so， any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for． Without knowledge， we may be completely destroyed by the danger． With knowledge， we can lessen its effects． Exploration also allows minerals and other potential （潜在的） resources to be found． Even if we have no immediate need of them， they will perhaps be useful later． Resources may be more than physical possessions． Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration． The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives． We have already benefited from other spin－offs including improvements in earthquake prediction， in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems． Even non－stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by－products （副产品） of technological developments in the space， the chance to save ourselves might not exist． While many resources are spent on what seems a small return， the exploration of space allows creative， brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us． While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works， it also holds dangers． The danger exists， but knowledge can help human being to survive． Without the ability to reach out across space， the chance to save ourselves might not exist． While Earth is the only planet known to support life， surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets． It is true that the lifestyle would be different， but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future． 71． Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1? A． To express his doubts． B． To compare different ideas． C． To introduce points for discussion． D． To describe the conditions on Earth． 72． What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2? A． Humans are nature－born to do so． B． Humans have the tendency to fight． C． Humans may find new sources of food． D． Humans don’t like to stay in the same place． 73． The underlined word“spin－offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______． A． survival chances B． potential resources C． unexpected benefits D． physical possessions 74． What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets? A． O ur genetic makeup． B． Resources on the earth．． C． The adaptive ability of humans． D． By－products in space exploration． 75． Which of the statements can best sum un the passage? A． Space exploration has created many wonders． B． Space exploration provided the best value for money． C． Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth． Passage 1 (09·上海C篇) \"Get your hands off me, I have been stolen,\" the laptop, a portable computer, shouted. That is a new solution to laptop computer theft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken. The program allows users to display alerts on the missing computer's screen and even to set a spoken message. Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind. Owners must report their laptop missing by visiting a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow \"lost or stolen\" sign appears on its screen when it is started. Under the latest version（版本）of the software, users can also send a spoken message. The message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how many times the thief closes it.\" One customer sent a message saying,' You are being tracked. I am right at your door',\" said Carrie Hafeman, chief executive of the company which produces the program, Retriever. In the latest version, people can add a spoken message. For example, the laptop's speakers will say: \"Help, this laptop is reported lost or stolen. If you are not my owner, report me now.\" The Retriever software package, which costs $29.95 but has a free trial period, has the functions of many security software programs .Owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear that the thief has also got hold of the access details. If a thief accesses the internet with the stolen laptop, Retriever will collect information on the internet service provider in use, so that the police can be alerted to its location. Thousands of laptops are stolen every year form homes and offices, but with the use of laptops increasing, the number stolen while their owners are out and about has been rising sharply. Other security software allows users to erase data remotely or lock down the computer. 72. The expression \"to give the thief a piece of their mind \"can be understood as \"_______\" A. to give the thief an alert mind B. to express the owners' anger to the thief C. to remind the thief of this conscience D. to make the thief give up his mind 73. Different from other security software, Retriever can . A. record the stealing process B. help recognize the lost laptop C. lock down the computer remotely D. send a spoken message 74. One function of the program is that it allows the owner to at a distance. A. change some access details for switching on the laptop B. turn on the laptop by using the original password C. operate the laptop by means of and alternative password D. erase the information kept in the stolen laptop 75. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage? A. With no Retriever, thousands of laptops are stolen every year. B. A new soft ware provides a means to reduce laptop theft. C. Retriever has helped to find thieves and lost computers. D. A new program offers a communication platform with the thief. Passage 2 (09·安徽C篇) Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are rub of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt （柏油） roads? Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside. The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them ran from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground. When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer （蓄水层） into which several heat exchangers （交换器） have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warning the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store. In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice. . Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs? A. Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss. B. Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities. C. The Dutch engineer's system has been widely used. D. Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads. 65. For what purpose are the diving pipes used? A. To absorb heat from the sun. B. To store heat for future use. C. To turn solar energy into heat energy. D. To carry heat down below the surface. 66. From the last paragraph we can learn that __ A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter B. the system can do more than warming up the building C. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface 解析： 71． 推理判断题。答案选C。文章是典型的议论说明文，是提出问题，分析问题的套路。第一段通过提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题引发讨论。并不是真的有这些怀疑，也没有鲜明的正反观点，所以AB不对。D偏差较远。 72． 主旨题。答案选A。第二段是典型的总分总结构，主旨句在段首段尾。Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings． 主要原因在于人类基因。Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible． 而B选项错在fight这个词。CD没提及。 73． 词义猜测题。选C。根据spin off 前面的we have already benefited from other spin off 关键词 benefit，受益。而spin off后面的including …说的全是获得的利益，如improvements in earthquake prediction． 地震预测的进步等等，而不是什么生存机会，或者潜在资源。所以选C。 74． 细节题。答案选C。按照问题顺序一致原则，答案应当出现在最后两段。在最后一段的首句我们找到了一个极端词用以定位。While earth is the only planet known to support life， surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets．直接由翻译可知，人类的适应能力使我们在其他星球的居住成为可能。 75． 推理判断题。选D。除去前两段引入，第三段主旨句（首句）的意思是每个文明都会探索周围文明以减低危险，第四段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得我们能够发现潜在能源。第五段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得很多人发现解决问题的有用资源。总的来说，就可归结为，太空探索可以帮助我们很多，避免很多问题。 答案 72.B 73.D 74.A 75.B 答案 .D 65.D 66.B
