2015年北京第二外国语学院学翻译硕士考研真题,考研复试分数线

I.Vocabularyandgrammar(30’)MultiplechoiceDirections:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.1.Thousandsofpeopleturnedoutintothestreetsto_________againstthelocalauthorities’decisiontobuildahighwayacrossthefield.A.contradictB.reformC.counterD.protest2.Themajorityofnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina_________.A.minorityB.scarcityC.rarityD.minimum3.ProfessorJohnson’sretirement________fromnextJanuary.A.carriesintoeffectB.takeseffectC.haseffectD.putsintoeffect4.Thepresidentexplainedthatthepurposeoftaxationwasto________governmentspending.A.financeB.expandC.enlargeD.budget5.Theheatinsummerisnoless_________hereinthismountainregion.A.concentratedB.extensiveC.intenseD.intensive6.Takingphotographsisstrictly________here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.A.forbiddenB.rejectedC.excludedD.denied7.Mr.Brown’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill_________.A.pullbackB.pullupC.pullthroughD.pullout8.Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer’s_________ratherthanthecompany’s.A.benefitB.availabilityC.suitabilityD.convenience9.Thepriestmadethe________ofthecrosswhenheenteredthechurch.A.markB.signalC.signD.gesture10.Thisspaciousroomis________furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.A.lightlyB.sparselyC.hardlyD.rarely11.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he________abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.1A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were12.Withsomemendressingdownandsomeothermenflauntingtheirlooks,itisreallyhardtotelltheyaregayor_________.A.straightB.homosexualC.beautifulD.sad13.Hisremarkswere________annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchtoD.asmuchasto14.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe_________untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.came15._________consciousofmymoralobligationsasacitizen.A.IwasandalwayswillbeB.IhavetobeandalwayswillbeC.IhadbeenandalwayswillbeD.Ihavebeenandalwayswillbe16.Becausefuelsuppliesarefiniteandmanypeoplearewasteful,wewillhavetoinstall_________solarheatingdeviceinourhome.A.sometypeofB.sometypesofaC.sometypeofaD.sometypesof17.Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI________thejourneyinexactlytwodays.A.musttakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmake18.Iknowhefailedhislasttest,butreallyhe’s_________stupid.A.somethingbutB.anythingbutC.nothingbutD.notbut19.DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis_________thanTim.A.muchmoresportsmanB.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsmanD.moreasportsman20.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe________us.Ithinkit’shightimewe________strongactionsagainsthim.A.betrayed…takeB.hadbetrayed…tookC.hasbetrayed…tookD.hasbetrayed…takeII.Readingcomprehension(40’)Section1Multiplechoice(20’)Directions:Inthissectiontherearereadingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-choicequestions.Readthe2passagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyouranswersheet.PassageATheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheIsleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope’sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub—Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales—abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspent.Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope—onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline,AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans“landofcompatriots”,istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere—onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.“UntilveryrecenttimesmostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales’sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.“Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,”Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we’reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging.”1.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeantto3A.maintainthepresentstatusamongthenations.B.reducelegislativepowersofEngland.C.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenations.D.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion.2.Theword“centrifugal”inthesecondparagraphmeansA.separatist.B.conventional.C.feudal.D.political3.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTA.people’sdesirefordevolution.B.locals’turnoutforthevoting.C.powersofthelegislativebody.D.statusofthenationallanguage.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentity?A.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.B.Poverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanUnion.C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.5.AccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedisA.people’smentality.B.popculture.C.town’sappearance.D.possibilitiesforthepeople.PassageBThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It’sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromisesofthe20thcentury.Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity—evencomfort—foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays—lackoffood,warmth,shelter—wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S.).Labourunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintobeingandofferedthepossibility—in4somecasesthepromise—oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions?Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.Formillenniatheaverageperson’sstancetowardprovidingforhimselfhadbeen.UltimatelyI’monmyown.Nowitbecame,ultimatelyI’llbetakencareof.Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labour-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon’tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinedcontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson’seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintotheplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested—thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit’sworthwhentheemployeeretires.WhichbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees’401(k)accounts.Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany’sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid.TheEnronemployees’retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That’swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI’ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon’tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they’reontheirown.6.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory…”?A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.5D.Becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.7.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,layoutunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangeinA.people’soutlookonlife.B.people’slifestyles.C.people’slivingstandard.D.people’ssocialvalues.8.ChangesinpensionschemeswerealsopartofA.thecorporatelay-offs.B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespending.C.theeconomicrestructuring.D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunions.9.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecauseA.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfuture.B.Enronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestment.C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspending.D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplan.10.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?A.The401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind.D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.Section2Answeringquestions(20’)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.Useonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswersheet.Questions1～3For40yearsthesightofthousandsofyoungstersstridingacrosstheopenmoorlandhasbeenasmuchanannualfixtureasspringitself.Butthe2,400schoolpupilswhojointhegruelingDartmoorTenTorsChallengenextSaturdaymaybeamongthelasttotakepartintheMaytradition.ThetrekfacesgrowingcriticismfromenvironmentalistswhofearthatthepresenceofsomanywalkersononeweekendthreatensthesurvivalofsomeofDartmoor’sinternationallyrarebirdspecies.TheTenTorsChallengetakesplaceinthemiddleofthebreedingseason,whentheslightestdisturbancecanjeopardizebirds’chancesofreproducingsuccessfully.ExpertsattheRSPBandtheDartmoorNationalParkAuthorityfearthatthewalkerscouldfrightenbirdsandevencrusheggs.Theyarenowcallingfortheeventtobemovedtotheautumn,whenthebreedingseasonisoverandchicksshouldbewellestablished.Organisersoftheevent,whichisledbyabout400TerritorialArmyvolunteers,say6movingitwouldbeimpracticalforseveralreasonsandwouldmeanpupilscouldnottrainproperlyforthe55-miletrek.Dartmoorishometo10rarespeciesofground-nestingbirds,includinggoldenplovers,dunlinsandlapwings.Insomecases,speciesareeitherdowntotheirlasttwopairsonthemoororarefacinganationwidedecline.EmmaParkin,South-westspokeswomanforthePASPB,tookpartinthechallengeasaschoolgirl.Shesaidthesocietyhadnoobjectionstotheeventitselfbutsimplywanteditmovedtoanothertimeofyear.“Itisawonderfulactivityforthechildrenwhotakepartbut,havingthousandsofpeoplewalkingpastinoneweekendwhenbirdsarebreedingishardlyideal,”shesaid.“Wewouldpreferittotakeplaceafterthebreedingandnestingseasonisover.Thereisariskofdestructionanddisturbance.Ifthewalkersputafootinthewrongplacetheycancrushtheeggsandifthereissufficientdisturbancethebirdsmightabandonthenest.”HelenBooker,anRSPBuplandconservationofficer,saidtherewasnoresearchintothescaleofthedamagebuttherewaslittledoubtthewalkwasdetrimental.“Ifpeoplearetrampingpastcontinuallyitcanharmthechancesofsuccessfulnesting.Thereisalsothefearofdirecttramplingofeggs.”AspokesmanfortheDartmoorNationalParkAuthoritysaidthebreedingseasononthemoorlastedfromearlyMarchtomid-July,andtheTenTorsChallengecreatedthepotentialfordisturbanceforMarch,whenparticipantsstarttraining.Tomovetheeventtotheautumnwasdifficultbecausechildrenwouldbeonholidayduringthetrainingperiod.TherewasapossibilitythatsomeschoolsintheSouthwestmovetoafour-termyearin2004,“butuntilthenanychangewasunlikely.TheauthoritylastsurveyedbirdlifeonDartmoortwoyearagoandifthenextsurveyshowedanyfurtherdecline,itwouldincreasepressuretomovetheChallenge,”hesaid.MajorMikePether,secretaryofthearmycommitteethatorganisestheChallenge,saidtheeventcouldbemovediftherewasthepopularwill.“TheTenTorshasbeenrunningfor42yearsandithasalwaysbeenatthistimeoftheyear.Itisalmostintabletsofstonebutthat’snottosaywewon’tconsidermovingifthereisaconsensusinfavour.However,althoughtheRSPBwouldlikeitmoved,75percentofthepeoplewhotakepartwantittostayasitis,”hesaid.MajorPethersaidthetrekcouldnotbemovedtoearlierintheyearbecauseitwouldconflictwiththelambingseason,mostofthechildrenwereonholidayinthesummer,andthewinterweatherwastooharsh.DatmoorNationalParkoccupiessome54sqkmofhillstoppedbygraniteoutcropsknownas“Tors”withthehighestTor-cappedhillreaching621m.Thevalleysanddipsbetweenthehillsareoftensitesofbogstosnaretheunwaryhiker.ThemoorhaslongbeenusedbytheBritishArmyasatrainingandfiringrange.Theoriginoftheeventstretchesbackto1959whenthreeArmyofficersexercisingonthemoorthoughtitwouldprovideachallengeforciviliansaswellassoldiers.Inthefirstyear203youngsterstookupthechallenges.Sincethenteams,dependingonageandability,facehikesof35,45or55milesbetween10nominatedTorsovertwodays.Theyareexpectedtocarryeverythingtheyneedtosurvive.1.WhatistheTenTorsChallenge?Giveabriefintroductionofitslocationandhistory.2.Whyisitsuggestedthattheeventbemovedtotheautumnorotherseasons?3.Whatarethedifficultiesiftheeventismovedtotheautumnorotherseasons?Questions4～5MikeandAdamHurewitzgrewuptogetheronLongIsland,inthesuburbsofNewYorkCity.Theywereveryclose,evenforbrothers.SowhenAdam’sliverstartedfailing,Mikeofferedtogivehimhalfofhis.TheoperationsavedAdam’slife.ButMike,whowentintothehospitalinseeminglyexcellenthealth,7developedacomplication—perhapsabloodcolt—anddiedlastweek.Hewas57.MikeHurewitz’sdeathhaspromptedalotofsoulsearchinginthetransplantcommunity.Wasitatragicflukeorasignthattransplantsurgeryhasreachedsomekindofethicallimit?TheMountSinaiMedicalCenter,theNewYorkCityhospitalwherethecomplexdoubleoperationwasperformed,hasputonholditsadultlivingdonorlivertransplantprogram,pendingareviewofHurewitz’sdeath.MountSinaihasperformedabout100suchoperationsinthepastthreeyears.A1-in-100riskofdyingmaynotseemlikebadodds,butthere’smoretothisethicaldilemmathanasimpleratio.Thefirstandmostsacredruleofmedicineistodonoharm.“Foranormalhealthypersonamortalityrate1%ishardtojustify,”saysDr.JohnFung,chiefoftransplantationattheUniversityofPittsburghMedicalCenter.“Iftheratestaysat1%,it’sjustnotgoingtobeaccepted.”Ontheotherhand,there’sanacuteshortageoftraditionaldonororgansfrompeoplewhohavediedinaccidentsorsufferedfatalheartattacks.Iffamilymembersfullyunderstandtherisksandarewillingtoproceed,isthereanyreasontostandintheirway?Indeed,arecentsurveyshowedthatmostpeoplewillacceptamortalityrateforlivingorgandonorsashighas20%.Theodds,thankfully,aren’tnearlythatbad.Forkidneydonors,forexample,theriskrangesfrom1in2,500to1in4,000forahealthyvolunteer.Thathelpsexplainwhynearly40%ofkidneytransplantsintheU.S.comefromlivingdonors.Theoperationtotransplantaliver,however,isalottrickierthanonetotransplantakidney.Notonlyistheliverpackedwithbloodvessels,butitalsomakeslotsofproteinsthatneedtobeproducedintherightratiosforthebodytosurvive.Whenorgansfromtherecentlydeceasedareused,thesurgeongetstopickwhichpartofthedonatedliverlooksthebestandtotakeasmuchofitasneeded.Assumingallgoeswell,ahealthylivercangrowbackwhateverportionoftheorganismissing,sometimeswithinamonth.Aliving-donortransplantworksparticularlywellwhenanadultdonatesamodestportionofthelivertoachild.Usuallyonlytheleftlobeoftheorganisrequired,leadingtoamortalityrateforliving-donorsintheneighborhoodof1in500to1in1,000.Butwhentherecipientisanotheradult,asmuchas60%ofthedonor’sliverhastoberemoved.“Therereallyisverylittlemarginforerror,”saysDr.Fung.Bywayofanalogy,hesuggests,thinkofatree.“Anadult-to-childliving-donortransplantislikecuttingoffalimb.Withanadult-to-adulttransplant,you’resplittingthetrunkinhalfandtryingtokeepbothhalvesalive.”Evenifapotentialdonorunderstandandacceptstheserisks,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheoperationshouldproceed.Allsortsofsubtlepressurescanbebroughttobearonsuchadecision,saysDr.MarkSiegler,directoroftheMacLeanforClinicalMedicalEthicsattheUniversityofChicago.“Sometimesthesickerthepatient,thegreaterthepressureandthemorewillingthedonorwillbetoacceptrisks.”Ifyoufeelyoucan’tsayno,isyourdecisiontrulyvoluntary?Andifnot,isitthemedicalcommunity’sresponsibilitytosaveyoufromyourownbestintentions?Transplantcentershavedevelopedscreeningprogramstoensurethatlivingdonorsfullyunderstandthenatureoftheirdecision.Butunexamined,forthemostpart,isthelargerissueofjusthowmuchavolunteershouldbeallowedtosacrificetosaveanotherhumanbeing.Sofar,weseemtobesayingsomeriskisacceptable,althoughwe’restillvagueraboutwherethecutoffshouldbe.TherewillalwaysbefamilymemberslikeMikeHurewitzwhoareheroicallypreparedtomaketheultimatesacrificeforalovedone.Whatthemedicalprofessionandsocietymustdecideisifit’sappropriatetoletthemdoso.4.DescribeinyourownwordsthelivertransplantbetweenthetwobrothersMikeandAdam.5.Whatisthemajorissueraisedinthearticle?III.Writing(30’)8Somepeopleseeeducationsimplyasgoingtoschoolorcollege,orasameanstosecuregoodjobs;otherpeoplevieweducationasalifelongprocess.Inyouropinion,howimportantiseducationtopeopleinthemodernsociety?Writeacompositionofabout400wordsonyourviewofthetopic.育明教育孙老师解读：翻译硕士报考院校选择遵循原则随着现阶段的专业硕士越来越受欢迎，以及就业趋势的引导，翻译专业硕士愈加受欢迎。今天，就为想要报考翻译硕士的同学解析一下翻译硕士的择校问题。翻译专业硕士专业招生院校截止今年一共有158所学校，这么多的学校我们应该如何选择那?我们认为有以下三个原则，内心召唤;客观衡量自己的实力;综合考察学校的实力。第一个原则是听从自己内心的召唤：就是在报考前问清楚自己喜欢哪个学校?以后想去哪里就业?哪个学校是我最向往的?因为只有自己喜欢的才会付出全部的心血，去努力得到。比如你喜欢北京大学，喜欢以后留在北京发展，那你可能就要付出比考其他学校的考生更多的努力才可以达到自己的目标。第二个原则是客观衡量自身的实力，人都有梦想，但是如果不顾自身能力的梦想那是妄想。同时也不能一味的求稳妥的妄自菲薄。所以我们建议考生选择的学校要“蹦一下可以摸得着”而不是“累死都够不到”或者“伸手可得”学校。第三个原则是考察学校的综合实力，包括它在翻译界的科研实力、学术资源、人脉资源、区位优势等。这也是很重要的。比如上海外国语大学在上海地区是绝对的老大，学生有很高的社会美誉度，就业比较容易，但是到了北京，则北京外国语大学的学生才更受欢迎。在对学校的认识上，需要注意如下几点：(一)批次划分仅与招考院校申报翻译硕士专业项目、教育部高等教育司翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)教育指导委员会审批先后顺序有关，与院校翻译硕士师资实力无直接关系。第二、三批院校在第一批试点院校积累的丰富经验上开设翻译硕士专业，往往具有更大的优势，因此同学们在选择招考院校时，不要将批次作为唯一的参考项。(二)根据我国高等国民教育序列划分和158所翻译硕士招考院校实际，可将翻译硕士招考院校分为综合类、专门类两大类，综合类下设大综合(国家级院校、省(自治区、直辖市)院校、市级院校)，小综合(师范类院校、民族类院校);专门类下设文史大类(语言类、外交类、类院校)，理工大类(理工类、科技类、财经类、交通类、工业类、石油地质类、海事类、航空航天类、农林类、电力类、科研院所类)。同学们在选择招考院校时要注意区分不同类别的院校在翻译硕士招考模式、考试题型及内容等的区别，并结合自身兴趣、特长与应试能力实际，综合选取合适的招考院校。9(三)从2007年9月翻译硕士专业学位设立至今的招考情况看，不同类别的招考院校在招考模式、考试题型及内容上有一定区别。根据对2011年37所翻译硕士招考院校考试类型的统计发现，理工大类院校考试内容涉及理工内容，文史大类院校则偏重文史内容，各专门院校考试内容更有专业性趋向。总体上看，专业特色还是十分明显的。二、158所招考院校中含34所自主划线学校，同学们在考虑硕士研究生全国统一考试初试国家分数线(以下简称“国家线”)院校和自主划线院校时，要把握如下几点：(一)自主划线院校在复试分数线制定方面拥有自主权，从2010、2011年全国58所翻译硕士招考院校复试分数线统计情况来看，除极个别自主划线院校高出国家线较多外，其余自主划线院校分数线普遍低于所在区国家线。在国家线“强势走高”的情况下，自主划线院校就成为了同学们获取复试资格的一道“生命保障线”。(二)自出划线院校翻译硕士命题与国家线院校略有不同，更突出院校特色和专业特色。由于分数线划定权已批准下放至该高校，因此该高校命题与自主划线一致，具有更加鲜明的“自主特色”，同学们在报考这类院校时，不要盲目追求“分数差”，而应该从自身实际出发，选择合适的招考院校。三、158所翻译硕士招考院校中，有130多所指定或部分指定了参考数目。参考书目的选择也成为同学们选择招考院校的又一重要指标(一)参考书目反映了一个院校的学术研究水平、研究方向、学术合作领域、合作方向，也反映了招考院校的命题方向，因此同学们要在充分了解参考书目的基础上，做出合理的、有利于报考的选择(二)对于没有指定参考书目的院校，可以采取“参考书目高频法”，即根据目前招考院校大量或普遍采用的参考用书，适当选择作为备考教材四、翻译硕士招考院校的招生人数、招收翻译语种(英、法、德、西、日、葡、朝等)、口笔译方向也是一项重要指标，同学们可认真阅读各参考院校的招生简章。五，最后一点，部分招考院校在复试阶段加试第二外语听力或口笔译，在初始阶段会有第二外语的部分试题或内容，以小语种为特色的招考院校可能会在一定情况下压缩英语翻译硕士比例。请同学们特别是第二外语基础较为薄弱的同学注意，在选择招考院校时不要轻易“触碰雷区”。育明教育规划复习全程

第一轮：零基础复习阶段(-2015年6月)本阶段主要是对翻译理论的流派有一个大体上的了解，形成一个总体的印象。对各本参考书有个系统性的了解，弄清每本书的章节分布情况，内在逻辑结构，重点章节所在等，但不要求记住。1)学习目标10目标1：了解参考书目中基本的翻译流派和翻译理论目标2：掌握专业技能、培养兴趣爱好，基本了解改专业的知识框架和理念，为下一阶段的复习夯实基础;平时多关注北京周报、ChinaDaily等了解社会热点和动向，学会运用所学知识分析社会问题。2)学习任务①泛读书目，建构翻译的理论框架。②学习每本教材，需在结合自己的理解绘制知识理论框架图构，建知识体系。③学生遇到不理解的问题及时记录，上报教务老师，并与教务教师沟通请教。④扩展知识面所需时政新闻。⑤综合练习：检测前一阶段学习效果配有参自测。⑥不要求记忆只要求理解。3)注意事项①学习任务中所说的“一遍”不一定是指仅看一次书，某些难点多的章节可能要反复看几遍才能彻底理解通过。②本阶段学习重在理解，不需强制记忆，但一定要全面。③每本书每章节看完后最好自己能闭上书后列一个提纲，以此回忆内容梗概，也方便以后看着提纲进行提醒式记忆。④看进度，卡时间。防止看书太慢，遇到弄不懂的问题，要及时请教专业咨询师。第二轮：一阶-基础阶段(2015年7月-2015年9月)本阶段主要用进一步深入了解翻译理论，对参考书完成第一次的阅读，并开始找出重点和考点，形成知识系统。同时每周练习一篇老师提供的翻译材料，了解翻译评分的要求。加强对时政的关注和了解。1)学习目标具体指定或非指定相关参考书目(据所报考院校为准)2)学习任务对参考书进行深入和全面的总结，列出考点和重点，同时多练习相关翻译材料，了解翻译评分的要求，提高翻译技能。加强对时政的关注和了解。同时阅读有关英汉对照。3)注意事项①注意理解记忆参考书中的概念、原理。②将书中可能考到的问答、论述等内容做笔头整理。③将全书的重点归纳成系统性的知识点，加深印象，及对知识更加系统的理解。第三轮：二阶-强化提高阶段(2015年9月-2015年10月)11本阶段，完成最后一本指定书目的阅读，并对重点进行总结和归纳。一定要多做翻译，多看翻译文章，制定周和日的阅读和翻译计划。1)新大纲复习计划新大纲一般在9月中旬出台，具体复习会根据今年新大纲，编写重难点知识讲义。要根据基础阶段的复习安排把参考书的知识点进行逐一突破。这时，完成最后一本指定书目的阅读，并对重点进行总结和归纳。专攻文言文翻译，每周进行一次文言文翻译，并且每天读一篇文言文翻译。2)巩固计划强化阶段要多做翻译，多看翻译文章，加强翻译技能始终非常重要。第四轮：三阶-冲刺阶段(2015年11月-2015年12月中旬)总结所有重点知识点，包括重点概念、理论等，查漏补缺。温习专业课和历年真题，做专业课模拟试题。1)学习目标进一步完善翻译理论的框架，提高翻译技能。2)学习任务总结三本参考书，将其中的重点反复记忆和背诵，做到熟记于心，总结平常翻译中常遇到的问题，尽量在翻译中避免，最后再进行两次的翻译训练。3)注意事项参考书回归;历年真题回归;专业课比较回归;模拟考场测试。四管齐下，把前面复习的知识点逐一消化和提升。第五轮：四阶-点睛阶段(2015年12月中旬-考前)调整心态，保持状态，积极应考。学习目标将重点理论进行最后一次的复习，注意强记背诵。看一些翻译中常用的文言文和散文词汇，熟悉一些较难翻译的单词。资料来源：育明考研考博官网www.yumingedu.com1213