七年级英语下语法讲义 U2

初一英语专题学案

七年级下册U2语法

Warm-up: Reading

Paris, the capital of France, is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. There are many places of interest in Paris, such as the Eiffel Tower and the Are de Triomphe （凯旋门）. Euro-Disney is a good place to visit if you travel with children. It is just an hour from the centre of Paris, and it is like Disneyland in the USA.

一、重 难 点

1、了解和熟悉专有名词

2、了解带冠词的专有名词和不带冠词的专有名词

3、掌握连词and, but, so

二、精讲点拨

1专有名词

专有名词是表示具体的人或事物、地方、团体、机构、国家、称谓、语言、节日等名称的词。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写，但其中的虚词不大写。可分为带冠词的专有名词和不带冠名词的专有名词两种

（一）、不带冠词的专有名词：

1、表示人名、尊称和头衔的专有名词。

Einstein爱因斯坦 Vivian维维安 Chairman Hu胡 Premier Wen温总理

President Obama奥巴马总统 Mr.Brown布朗先生 Doctor Lin林博士、林医生

重点提示：人名的前面若有尊称或头衔，如Mr.（先生），President(总统)等时，其第一个字母也要大写。

2、 表示国名、地名的专有名词。

Korea韩国 Thailand泰国 Egypt埃及 Paris巴黎

Los Angeles洛杉机 Chinatown唐人街 Pacific Ocean太平洋

Caribbean加勒比海 Mississippi密西西比河 Mt.Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰

3、 表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词。

Museum of Postal History邮政博物馆 China Daily中国日报

Sydney Opera House悉尼歌剧院 Reuters路透社

Friends of the Earth地球之友（机构名） Harvard University哈佛大学

4、 表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词。

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Wednesday星期三 Sunday星期天 March三月

Labour Day劳动节 National Day国庆节 Father's Day父亲节

（二）、需要带冠词的专有名词：

1、由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词要加定冠词the。

the United States 美国 the People’s Hall 人民大会堂

2、由“普通名词+专有名词”或“专有名词+ 普通名词” 构成的专有名词要加定冠词the。

the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国

the Communist Party of China 中国党

the New York Times 《纽约时报》

3、在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、运动、群岛、平原或沙漠等专有名词前要加定冠词the。

the Yellow River黄河 the West Lake 西湖

the Xisha Island西沙群岛 the North China Plain华北平原

the Himalayas喜马拉雅山 the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠

4、表示时代、朝代的专有名词前要加定冠词the。

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the Tang Dynasty 唐朝 the Warring States Period战国时期

5、在某些旅馆、建筑物的专有名词前要加定冠词the。

the Blue Sky Hotel蓝天宾馆 the Great Wall长城

6、在指“一家人”或“某某夫妇”的专有名词前加定冠词the。

the Whites 怀特一家人、怀特夫妇 the Greens格林一家人、格林夫妇

随堂练习1:

找出文中大小写不恰当的单词，在横线上写出正确的表达：

Last thursday, I got a letter from aunt wang. She said she 1.

was happy to visit the Chinatown and the golden gate bridge 2.

in california. And she said she was going to visit the white house 3. in washington D.C. the next week. She enjoyed herself, but she 4.

missed her family and friends very much. 5.

2 连词

（1） and

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①表示联合，意为“和”、“又”、“而且”： 连接两个名词，代词或两个形容词等语法作用相同的词语或连接两个句子。

The air was so warm and bright.

注意：否定句中用or。但如果前后名词都用no修饰，则可以用and。

It has no feet or legs.

I have no sisters or brothers.

②and用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“那么”：

Work hard and you’ll succeed. 努力干吧，你会成功的。

③both…and…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。

Both my father and my mother are teachers.

(2) but

①表示转折，意为“但是”：连接两个名词，代词或形容词等语法作用相同的词语。

He drives not carefully but slowly. 他开车不是很小心，而是开得很慢。

②连接句子，注意：但不与although/though (“虽然，尽管”)连用。

Though he is old, he works hard.

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He is old, but he works hard.

③用在某些否定语后，表示“只……”：

He eats nothing but hamburgers. 他只吃汉堡包。

She knows no one but you. 她只认识你。

拓展：其他表示转折的连词：yet

It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的。

注意：however, still 等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示转折---“但是”或“然而”。

a. however:

His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.

他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。

b. still:

It’s raining; still I’d like to go. 天在下雨，但我还是要去。

(3) so

so 表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”。

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Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi.

我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车

We wanted to learn the English songs ,so we asked the teacher to teach us.

我们想要学英语歌，所以我们让老师教我们。

拓展：

(1) or

① 表示或者

I don’t like apples or bananas.

② 否则，以or 连接的句子可以转换为由否定条件句构成的主从复合句

Study hard, or you’ll fail the exam.

=If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail the exam.

(2) A类：

1）neither…nor…既不……也不……

Neither I nor Lily is a League member.

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2）not only…but also… 不仅……而且……

Not only you but also he likes football.

3）either…or… 或者……或者……

Either Jim or I am right.

4）not…but… 不是……而是……

Not Jim but you were wrong.

注意：以上谓语用就近原则

B类：

1）as well as 和

She as well as you is an English teacher.

2）along with；with；together with 和

He along with his classmates is playing baskerball.

She with her children is watching TV.

The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.

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注意：以上谓语用就远原则

随堂练习2：

根据句意选用and, but, so, or填空。

1. Take an umbrella with you, _________ you'll get wet.

2. Do you understand what I said _________ do you want me to explain it again?

3. Use your head, _________ you'll find a way.

4. Be careful, _________ you will fall off the tree.

5. She was very thirsty, _________ she drank some water from the river.

6. Never give up, _________ you'll make it.

7. My uncle doesn't have much money,_________ he always enjoys himself.

8.—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

—I'd like to, _________ I'm busy.

9. This is our first lesson, _________ I don't know all your names.

10.Love English, you will learn it well.

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三、巩固提升

一．正确写出下列名词。

1.广州 2.广雅中学 3.白云山

4.春节 5.一月 6.洪卓立

7.珠江 8.地方 9.人名

10.星期 二．找出下列文段中的专有名词，并将其改正。

Sam and helen went to the white house on December 5.It was wednesday. They went there to meet president obama. The white house is in america. It stands in the centre of washington d.c.The american president and his family live on the second floor. It’s different from other presidents’houses. People can visit it freely. The house is white. People built the house from 1972 to 1800. But the house was not white but brown at that time. People began to call it the white house only from 1902. Do you know why ?

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三．基础选择题。

（ ）1. ___Would you like to go to the concert with me

___I'd love to,_____I'm afraid I have no time.

A. So B.or C.and D.but

（ ）2. Jenny,put on your coat,_____you will catch a cold.

A.but B.and C.or D.so

（ ）3. Jane,please turn off the lights_____you leave the classroom.

A.after B.before C.or D.but

（ ）4.That is a very good book__________I have read it twice.

A.and B.but C. or D.because

（ ）5. Study hard,___________you’ll catch up with others.

A.so B.and C.or D. if

（ ）6. -----I am afraid I can’t go to the party with you tomorrow.

----- you promised me you would. What has happened?

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A. And B. So C.Or D.But

（ ）7. The pair of glasses were much too expensive for me__________I didn’t buy it.

A.but B.so C.and D.or

（ ）8. ___Oh, I failed again

___Don’t lose heart. One more effort, ________ you will succeed.

A. so that B. therefore C. however D. and

（ ）9. All of us enjoy playing computer games, ________ we can’t spend too much time on it.

A. but B. or C. on D. So

（ ）10.Mom, my classmates are waiting for me, ________ I must go now.

A. or B. but C. so D. though

四．拔高选择题。

( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ______ a cotton one.

A. but B. or C. and D. not

( ) 2 Either Mary ______ Lucy told him to come to see us.

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A. or B. and C. with D. nor

( ) 3 Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the film.

A. and B. but C. so D. or

( ) 4 Be quick, ______ we'll be late.

A. and B. or C. but D. so

( ) 5 We ran to the trees, _____ we couldn't see any more monkeys.

A. but B. so C. and D. for

( ) 6 _____ Li Ping ______ Wu Fang ______ League members.

A. Neither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is

C. Both; and; are D. Neither; or; is

( ) 7 You can ______ stay at home ______ go out to play.

A. either; or B. so; that C. neither; and D. both; and

( ) 8 _____ Wei Hua ______ Ann______ very busy.

A. Both; and; is B. So; and; is

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C. Either; or; is D. So; that; are

( ) 9 ______ Monday______ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then.

A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. So; that D. Both; and

( ) 10 ______ my brother_______ sister are doctors.

A. Not; but B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or

( ) 11 The teacher, as well as his students_______ football.

A. like B. likes C. enjoy D. play

( ) 12 The doctor, along with these nurses_______ sent to the country.

A. are B. were C. have D. was

( ) 13 My sister, together with her classmates_______ interested in the new book.

A. are B. were C. is D. have

( ) 14 ______ she ______ I know his telephone number, because it has been changed.

A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. Neither; nor

( ) 15 _______ Jack _______ Tom watched TV yesterday evening because they were busy

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with their lessons.

A. Both; and B. Not only; but also C. Not; but D. Neither; nor

( ) 16 You may sit_______ this end_______ that end of the boat.

A. neither; nor B. both; and C. either; or D. between; and

( ) 17 None of the shoes are the right size. They are _______ too big ________ too small.

A. or; or B. either; or C. neither; nor D. both; and

( ) 18 When Lily was three, she could_______ read_______ write.

A. not; but B. not; and C. neither; nor D. either; or

( ) 19 We went_______ to the cinema, _______ to the park.

A. did not; / B. not; but C. either; or D. both; and

( )20_______ human beings _______ animals can live without air.

A. Both; and B. Either; or C. So; that D. Neither; nor

( )21._______Lily _______ may go with you because one of them must stay at home.

A. Both ; and B. Either ; or C. Neither ; nor D. Not only; but also

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( )22.“You can’t have them both. You can choose_______ the bike _______ the toy car,” said Mother.

A. either; or B. both ; and C. not only; but also

( )23.If all the plants on the earth die, _______ people _______ animals will be able to live.

A. neither, nor B. both, and C. not only, but also D. either,or

五．用正确的连词填空。

1.My parents ________ I like playing cards.

2. When I arrived home, I had a quick meal ________ a shower.

3. They wanted to have a picnic last Sunday, _________ it rained all day.

4. I like this red dress very much, ________ it is too expensive. I can't afford it.

5. Take a raincoat with you, _________ you'll get wet.

六．完成句子。

1、In the program tonight Mary will both sing and dance.(改为否定句)

In the program tonight Mary will _______ sing _______ dance.

2、I would like both tea and milk. (改为否定句)

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I _______ like _______ tea _______ milk.

3、Neither Mary nor Ann is living in the building. (改为肯定句)

_______Mary _______ Ann _______ living in the building.

七．合并句子：

方法指导：准确理解原句的意思-选好连接词-考虑主谓一致-保持时态一致.

1、All the pupils have read the storybook. Their English teacher has read the storybook, too.

________ all the pupils _______ their English teacher _______read this storybook.

2、Jack doesn’t know Mrs. White, and Helen doesn’t know, either.

________ Jack ________ Helen _______ Mrs. White.

3、You may lend him a bike. You may lend him a motorbike .

You may lend him_______ a bike _______ a motorbike.

4、I have been to Beijing. So has my mother.

_______ my mother _______ I have been to Beijing.

5、I don’t go to the market in such a cold weather.. Neither does Alice.

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_______ Alice _______ I go to the market in such a cold weather.

6、Tom is pleased with the painting. Kate is very pleased with the painting, too.

_______Tom _______ Kate are very pleased with the painting.

八．语法选择

Winter is behind us and people are starting to plan their summer holidays. This year, why not 1 France?

France is a big country, 2 coasts on three sides. You can swim at its good beaches. It also has many mountains, so you can 3 . In 4 France they grow crops 5 wheat and sunflowers. One of the most scenic areas of Central France is the Loire Valley. Kings and queens used to live in the old castles there.

Paris, the capital of France, is one of the most beautiful 6 in the world. When visits, people with children will find Euro Disney a good place to visit. It is just an hour from the center of Paris, and it offers many of the same attractions as the Disney parks in the USA.

France is famous 7 its fine food. These days, you can shop for many French foods in large cities in China 8 , art and culture are also famous in France. You can enjoy film festivals, exhibitions and concerts during your visit. These events will help you better 9 France and the France people. Therefore, why not go enjoy 10 in the wonderful country of France.

( )1. A. visit B. visits to C. visiting D. to visit

( )2. A. have B. has C. with

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D. for

( )3. A. skiing B. go skiing C. skate D. skating

( )4. A. central B. center C. the center D. center of

( )5. A. for example B. such like C. such as D. just as

( )6. A. city B. cities C. country D. countries

( )7. A. as B. about C. to D. for

( )8. A. However B. But C. Besides D. Then

( )9. A. understands B. understanding C. understand D. understood

( )10. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. you

四．课后拓展

1.完形填空：

Molly spent her summer vacation in China with her parents last year. They visited a lot of famous places__1__,such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai. She __2__ Beijing for a week. She __3__ the Palace Museum, the Great Wall, Tian’anmen Square__4__ the Summer Palace. They __5__ went to the zoos and the parks. __6__, __7__it was not too hot. They had __8__ wonderful time in the zoos and the parks. Molly learnt a lot __9__ Chinese history, she said , “ It is interesting to visit China. I__10__China very much.

1.A. parks B. gardens C. cities D. Countries

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2.A. stayed B. stayed in C. lived D. lived at

3.A. Made B. Cried C. Felt D. Visited

4.A. and B. or C. but D. until

5.A. too B. either C. so D. Also

6.A. It B. This C. That D. They

7.A. And B. Because C. But D. So

8.A. a B. an C. the D. /

9.A. about B. at C. for D. In

10.A. hope B. visit C. like D. decide

2．阅读理解

The exam comes in July. When the exam finishes, the summer vacation begins. Boys and girls have two months to rest. The summer vacations are the best part of the year for the children. The weather is usually good. They can swim, go to summer camp or visit other places with their parents.

We all know that the beaches are the good places to relax. Some children are lucky to live near the sea. They can enjoy the sea any time. But for children who live far from the sea, they go to the beaches for one or two weeks with their parents.

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Why do children like spending their summer vacations on the beaches? I t is because they like the sand, the sun, the cool wind and salt water. There are lots of new things to see, nice things to eat and exciting things to do.

1. School children usually have exams ____

A. in July B. before July C. after July D. by July

2. How long is the summer vacation?

A. Two weeks B. Two months C. Three months D. One or two weeks

3. Why do children like summer vacation?

A. Because the weather is good.

B. Because it is long.

C. Because they have lots of activities and the weather is good.

D. Because they can go the beaches.

4. Children who live near the beach can enjoy the sea____.

A. any time they want

B. for one or two weeks

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C. for two months

D. for one month

5. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Children like going to the beaches only because they can see lots of new things.

B. Most parents can take their children to the beaches and they can enjoy the sea at any time.

C. Parents like summer vacation best.

D. Children can swim and enjoy the sand , wind and water on the beaches.

3.作文

写作技巧

1. 认真审题：明确要求，确定格式

*书面表达的文体（记叙、说明、应用、议论… …） * 在题目中数好要点，不要漏点

2. 做好构思：列出重点词组、短语或句型

*认真思考写作内容的人称、时态 *打好腹稿

3. 连词成句：准确，恰当地选词用句

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*用最有把握的表达方式和句型 *遇到表达困难时，思考用另一种方式表达同样的内容

4.注意句与句及段落之间的逻辑连贯 *在必要的时候使用常见连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系

5.认真检查，修改错误

题目：

北京是中国的首都和2008年奥运会主办城市，请向外国朋友介绍北京和北京的几个重要的景点，根据以下提示写一篇短文。

1. 北京是一个历史悠久的城市；

2. 北京有许多名胜古迹；

3. 紫禁城是最受来宾欢迎的景点之一；

4. 故宫非常漂亮和著名；

5. 长城也是非常美丽，值得一去的地方；

6. 天安门广场是一个好去处，可去散步。

注意：

1. 80词左右；

2. 参考词汇： 紫禁城（the Forbidden City); 故宫（the Imperial Palace); 天安门广场（Tian’anmen

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Square)

_____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

答案：

精讲点拨：

随堂练习1：

1.Thursday , Aunt Wang 2. Golden Gate Bridge 3. California, White house

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4.Washington D.C. 5.正确

随堂练习2：

1. or 2. or 3. and 4.or 5. so 6. and 7.but 8. but 9. so 10. and

巩固提升：

一．正确写出下列名词。

1. Guangzhou 2. Guangya Middle School 3.Baiyun Hill 4. the Spring Festival

5. January 6. Hong Zhuoli 7.the Pearl River 8.place 9.name 10.week

二．改错。

Sam and Helen went to the White House on December 5.It was Wednesday. They went there to meet President Obama. The White House is in America. It stands in the centre of Washington D.C.The American president and his family live on the second floor. It’s different from other presidents’houses. People can visit it freely. The house is white. People built the house from 1972 to 1800. But the house was not white but brown at that time. People began to call it the White House only from 1902. Do you know why ?

三．基础选择题。

1-5：DCBAB ; 6-10：DBDAC

四．拔高选择题。

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1-5：BADBA ; 6-10：CACAC ; 11-15：BDCDD ; 16-20：CBCBD ; 21-23:BAA

五．填空。

1. and ; 2. and; 3. but; 4. but; 5. or

六．完成句子。

1. neither, nor 2.would, neither, nor 3.Both, and, are

七．合并句子。

1.Both, and ,have 2.Neither, nor, knows 3.either, or 5.Neither, nor 6.Both , and

八．语法选择。

1-5：ACCAC; 6-10：BDCCA

课后拓展：

1.完型填空

1-5：CBDAD; 6-10：ADAAC

2.阅读理解

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4.Both, and

1-5：ABCAD

3.作文：

Beijing is a city with a long history. There are many places of interest in it. Now let me tell you some of them.

The Forbidden City in one of the most popular ones for visitors. It is very big and you can learn much about the history of China from it. The Imperial, Palace is beautiful and famous, too. The Great Wall is also a wonderful place to go. And Tian’anmen Square is a good place for people to take a walk.

I hope you will enjoy your staying in Beijing.

学后反思：

学到了什么？

1. 学会区分专有名词和普通名词

2. 学会正确使用专有名词

3. 学会区分连词 and, but, so

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