LPV358MMX资料

LPV321Single/LPV358Dual/LPV324QuadGeneralPurpose,LowVoltage,LowPower,Rail-to-RailOutputOperationalAmplifiersAugust1999

LPV321Single/LPV358Dual/LPV324Quad

GeneralPurpose,LowVoltage,LowPower,Rail-to-RailOutputOperationalAmplifiers

GeneralDescription

TheLPV321/358/324arelowpower(9µAperchannelat5.0V)versionsoftheLMV321/358/324opamps.Thisisan-otheradditiontotheLMV321/358/324familyofcommodityopamps.

TheLPV321/358/324arethemostcosteffectivesolutionsfortheapplicationswherelowvoltage,lowpoweroperation,spacesavingandlowpriceareneeded.TheLPV321/358/324haverail-to-railoutputswingcapabilityandtheinputcommon-modevoltagerangeincludesground.Theyallexhibitexcellentspeed-powerratio,achieving152KHzofbandwidthwithasupplycurrentofonly9µA.TheLPV321isavailableinspacesavingSC70-5,whichisapproximatelyhalfthesizeofSOT23-5.Thesmallpackagesavesspaceonpcboards,andenablesthedesignofsmallportableelectronicdevices.Italsoallowsthedesignertoplacethedeviceclosertothesignalsourcetoreducenoisepickupandincreasesignalintegrity.

ThechipsarebuiltwithNational’sadvancedsubmicronsilicon-gateBiCMOSprocess.TheLPV321/358/324havebi-polarinputandoutputstagesforimprovednoiseperfor-manceandhigheroutputcurrentdrive.

Features

(ForV+=5VandV−=0V,TypicalUnlessOtherwiseNoted)

jGuaranteed2.7Vand5VPerformancejNoCrossoverDistortionjSpaceSavingPackagejIndustrialTemp.RangejGain-BandwidthProductjLowSupplyCurrent

SC70-5

2.0x2.1x1.0mm−40˚Cto+85˚C

152KHz

9µA15µA28µAV+−3.5mVV−+90mV

−0.2VtoV+−0.8V

LPV321LPV358LPV324

jRail-to-RailOutputSwing

@100kΩLoadjVCMApplications

nActiveFilters

nGeneralPurposeLowVoltageApplicationsnGeneralPurposePortableDevices

ConnectionDiagrams

5-Pin

SC70-5/SOT23-5

14-PinSO/TSSOP

DS100920-1

DS100920-3

TopView8-PinSO/MSOP

TopView

DS100920-2

TopView

©1999NationalSemiconductorCorporationDS100920www.national.com

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OrderingInformation

TemperatureRange

Package

5-PinSC70-55-PinSOT23-58-PinSmallOutline8-PinMSOP14-PinSmallOutline14-PinTSSOP

Industrial−40˚Cto+85˚CLPV321M7LPV321M7XLPV321M5LPV321M5XLPV358MLPV358MXLPV358MMLPV358MMXLPV324MLPV324MXLPV324MTLPV324MTX

A19A19A27AA27ALPV358MLPV358MP358P358LPV324MLPV324MLPV324MTLPV324MT

1kUnitsTapeandReel3kUnitsTapeandReel1kUnitsTapeandReel3kUnitsTapeandReel

Rails

2.5kUnitsTapeandReel1kUnitsTapeandReel3.5kUnitsTapeandReel

Rails

2.5kUnitsTapeandReel

Rails

2.5kUnitsTapeandReel

M08AMUA08AM14AMTC14MA05BMAA05

PackagingMarking

TransportMedia

NSCDrawing

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AbsoluteMaximumRatings(Note1)

IfMilitary/Aerospacespecifieddevicesarerequired,pleasecontacttheNationalSemiconductorSalesOffice/Distributorsforavailabilityandspecifications.ESDTolerance(Note2)MachineModelHumanBodyModelDifferentialInputVoltageSupplyVoltage(V+–V−)OutputShortCircuittoVOutputShortCircuittoVSolderingInformation

InfraredorConvection(20sec)StorageTemp.Range

235˚C

−65˚Cto150˚C

+−JunctionTemp.(Tj,max)(Note5)150˚C

OperatingRatings(Note1)

SupplyVoltageTemperatureRangeThermalResistance(θ5-pinSC70-55-pinSOT23-58-PinSOIC8-PinMSOP14-PinSOIC14-PinTSSOP

JA)(Note

2.7Vto5V−40˚C≤TJ≤85˚C

10)

478˚C/W265˚C/W190˚C/W235˚C/W145˚C/W155˚C/W

100V2000V

±SupplyVoltage

5.5V(Note3)(Note4)

2.7VDCElectricalCharacteristics

Unlessotherwisespecified,alllimitsguaranteedforTSymbolVOSTCVOSIBIOSCMRRPSRRVCMParameter

InputOffsetVoltage

InputOffsetVoltageAverageDrift

InputBiasCurrentInputOffsetCurrent

CommonModeRejectionRatioPowerSupplyRejectionRatioInputCommon-ModeVoltageRange

0V≤VCM≤1.7V2.7V≤V+≤5V

VO=1V,VCM=1VForCMRR≥50dB

J=25˚C,V+=2.7V,V−=0V,VCM=1.0V,VO=V+/2andR

Typ(Note6)1.221.70.67065−0.21.9

5040505001.7V+-10018081624Limit(Note7)

7

L>1MΩ.

UnitsmVmaxµV/˚CnAmaxnAmaxdBmindBminVminVmaxmVminmVmaxµAmaxµAmaxµAmax

Conditions

VOOutputSwingRL=100kΩto1.35VV+-380

ISSupplyCurrentLPV321LPV358

BothamplifiersLPV324

Allfouramplifiers

4816

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2.7VACElectricalCharacteristics

Unlessotherwisespecified,alllimitsguaranteedforTSymbolGBWPΦmGmeninParameter

Gain-BandwidthProductPhaseMarginGainMargin

Input-ReferredVoltageNoiseInput-ReferredCurrentNoise

f=1kHzf=1kHz

J=25˚C,V+=2.7V,V−=0V,VCM=1.0V,VO=V+/2andR

Typ(Note6)11297351780.50

Limit(Note7)

L>1MΩ.

UnitsKHzDegdB

Conditions

CL=22pF

5VDCElectricalCharacteristics

Unlessotherwisespecified,alllimitsguaranteedforTBoldfacelimitsapplyatthetemperatureextremes.SymbolVOSTCVOSIBIOSCMRRPSRRVCMParameter

InputOffsetVoltage

InputOffsetVoltageAverageDrift

InputBiasCurrentInputOffsetCurrent

CommonModeRejectionRatioPowerSupplyRejectionRatioInputCommon-ModeVoltageRange

0V≤VCM≤4V2.7V≤V+≤5V

VO=1V,VCM=1VForCMRR≥50dB

J=25˚C,V+=5V,V−=0V,VCM=2.0V,VO=V+/2andR

Typ(Note6)1.5220.67165−0.24.2

506040505050041510V+−100V+−200180220220121520244246Limit(Note7)710

L>1MΩ.

UnitsmVmaxµV/˚CnAmaxnAmaxdBmindBminVminVmaxV/mVminmVminmVmaxmAminmAminµAmaxµAmaxµAmax

Conditions

AVVOLargeSignalVoltageGain(Note8)OutputSwing

RL=100kΩRL=100kΩto2.5V

100V+−3.590

IOOutputShortCircuitCurrentSourcing,VO=0VSinking,VO=5V

177291528

ISSupplyCurrentLPV321LPV358

BothamplifiersLPV324

Allfouramplifiers

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5VACElectricalCharacteristics

Unlessotherwisespecified,alllimitsguaranteedforTBoldfacelimitsapplyatthetemperatureextremes.SymbolSRGBWPΦmGmeninSlewRate

Gain-BandwidthProductPhaseMarginGainMargin

Input-ReferredVoltageNoiseInput-ReferredCurrentNoise

f=1kHz,f=1kHz

Parameter

(Note9)CL=22pF

J=25˚C,V+=5V,V−=0V,VCM=2.0V,VO=V+/2andR

Typ(Note6)0.115287191460.30

Limit(Note7)

L>1MΩ.

UnitsV/µsKHzDegdB

Conditions

Note1:AbsoluteMaximumRatingsindicatelimitsbeyondwhichdamagetothedevicemayoccur.OperatingRatingsindicateconditionsforwhichthedeviceisin-tendedtobefunctional,butspecificperformanceisnotguaranteed.Forguaranteedspecificationsandthetestconditions,seetheElectricalCharacteristics.Note2:Humanbodymodel,1.5kΩinserieswith100pF.Machinemodel,0Ωinserieswith200pF.Note3:ShortingoutputtoV+willadverselyaffectreliability.Note4:ShortingoutputtoV-willadverselyaffectreliability.

Note5:ThemaximumpowerdissipationisafunctionofTJ(max),θJA,andTA.ThemaximumallowablepowerdissipationatanyambienttemperatureisPD=(TJ(max)–TA)/θJA.AllnumbersapplyforpackagessoldereddirectlyintoaPCboard.Note6:Typicalvaluesrepresentthemostlikelyparametricnorm.Note7:Alllimitsareguaranteedbytestingorstatisticalanalysis.

Note8:RLisconnectedtoV-.Theoutputvoltageis0.5V≤VO≤4.5V.

Note9:Connectedasvoltagefollowerwith3Vstepinput.Numberspecifiedistheslowerofthepositiveandnegativeslewrates.Note10:Allnumbersaretypical,andapplyforpackagessoldereddirectlyontoaPCboardinstillair.

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TypicalPerformanceCharacteristics

SupplyCurrentvsSupplyVoltage(LPV321)

Unlessotherwisespecified,VS=+5V,singlesupply,TA=25˚C.

SourcingCurrentvsOutputVoltage

InputCurrentvsTemperature

DS100920-B4

DS100920-B5

DS100920-41

SourcingCurrentvsOutputVoltage

SinkingCurrentvsOutputVoltage

SinkingCurrentvsOutputVoltage

DS100920-42

DS100920-43

DS100920-44

OutputVoltageSwingvsSupplyVoltage

InputVoltageNoisevsFrequency

InputCurrentNoisevsFrequency

DS100920-B6

DS100920-56

DS100920-70

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TypicalPerformanceCharacteristics

TA=25˚C.(Continued)

InputCurrentNoisevsFrequency

Unlessotherwisespecified,VS=+5V,singlesupply,

CrosstalkRejectionvsFrequencyPSRRvsFrequency

DS100920-68DS100920-73DS100920-72

CMRRvsFrequency

CMRRvsInput

CommonModeVoltage

CMRRvsInput

CommonModeVoltage

DS100920-63DS100920-

DS100920-65

∆VOSvsCMR∆VOSvsCMRInputVoltagevsOutputVoltage

DS100920-45DS100920-46DS100920-69

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TypicalPerformanceCharacteristics

TA=25˚C.(Continued)InputVoltagevsOutputVoltage

Unlessotherwisespecified,VS=+5V,singlesupply,

OpenLoop

FrequencyResponse

OpenLoop

FrequencyResponse

DS100920-71

DS100920-52

DS100920-51

GainandPhasevsCapacitiveLoad

GainandPhasevsCapacitiveLoad

SlewRatevsSupplyVoltage

DS100920-54

DS100920-53

DS100920-55

Non-InvertingLargeSignalPulseResponse

Non-InvertingSmallSignalPulseResponse

InvertingLargeSignalPulseResponse

DS100920-50

DS100920-49

DS100920-47

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TypicalPerformanceCharacteristics

TA=25˚C.(Continued)InvertingSmallSignalPulseResponse

Unlessotherwisespecified,VS=+5V,singlesupply,

StabilityvsCapacitiveLoadStabilityvsCapacitiveLoad

DS100920-48

DS100920-61DS100920-60

StabilityvsCapacitiveLoadStabilityvsCapacitiveLoadTHDvsFrequency

DS100920-59DS100920-58DS100920-62

OpenLoopOutput

ImpedancevsFrequency

ShortCircuitCurrentvsTemperature(Sinking)

ShortCircuitCurrent

vsTemperature(Sourcing)

DS100920-74

DS100920-B7

ApplicationNotes

1.0BenefitsoftheLPV321/358/324

Size.ThesmallfootprintsoftheLPV321/358/324packagessavespaceonprintedcircuitboards,andenablethedesignofsmallerelectronicproducts,suchascellularphones,pag-ers,orotherportablesystems.ThelowprofileoftheLPV321/358/324makethempossibletouseinPCMCIAtypeIIIcards.

SignalIntegrity.Signalscanpickupnoisebetweenthesig-nalsourceandtheamplifier.Byusingaphysicallysmaller

amplifierpackage,theLPV321/358/324canbeplacedclosertothesignalsource,reducingnoisepickupandin-creasingsignalintegrity.

SimplifiedBoardLayout.Theseproductshelpyoutoavoidusinglongpctracesinyourpcboardlayout.Thismeansthatnoadditionalcomponents,suchascapacitorsandresistors,areneededtofilterouttheunwantedsignalsduetotheinter-ferencebetweenthelongpctraces.

LowSupplyCurrent.Thesedeviceswillhelpyoutomaxi-mizebatterylife.Theyareidealforbatterypoweredsys-tems.

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ApplicationNotes

(Continued)

LowSupplyVoltage.Nationalprovidesguaranteedperfor-manceat2.7Vand5V.Theseguaranteesensureoperationthroughoutthebatterylifetime.

Rail-to-RailOutput.Rail-to-railoutputswingprovidesmaxi-mumpossibledynamicrangeattheoutput.Thisisparticu-larlyimportantwhenoperatingonlowsupplyvoltages.

InputIncludesGround.AllowsdirectsensingnearGNDinsinglesupplyoperation.

ThedifferentialinputvoltagemaybelargerthanV+withoutdamagingthedevice.Protectionshouldbeprovidedtopre-venttheinputvoltagesfromgoingnegativemorethan−0.3V(at25˚C).AninputclampdiodewitharesistortotheICinputterminalcanbeused.

2.0CapacitiveLoadTolerance

TheLPV321/358/324candirectlydrive200pFinunity-gainwithoutoscillation.Theunity-gainfolloweristhemostsensi-tiveconfigurationtocapacitiveloading.Directcapacitiveloadingreducesthephasemarginofamplifiers.Thecombi-nationoftheamplifier’soutputimpedanceandthecapacitiveloadinducesphaselag.Thisresultsineitheranunder-dampedpulseresponseoroscillation.Todriveaheavierca-pacitiveload,circuitinFigure1canbeused.

ingthevalueofRFduetotheinputbiascurrentoftheLPV321/358/324.CFandRISOservetocounteractthelossofphasemarginbyfeedingthehighfrequencycomponentoftheoutputsignalbacktotheamplifier’sinvertinginput,therebypreservingphasemarginintheoverallfeedbackloop.IncreasedcapacitivedriveispossiblebyincreasingthevalueofCF.Thisinturnwillslowdownthepulseresponse.

DS100920-5

FIGURE3.IndirectlyDrivingACapacitiveLoadwith

DCAccuracy3.0InputBiasCurrentCancellation

TheLPV321/358/324familyhasabipolarinputstage.ThetypicalinputbiascurrentofLPV321/358/324is1.5nAwith5Vsupply.Thusa100kΩinputresistorwillcause0.15mVoferrorvoltage.Bybalancingtheresistorvaluesatbothinvert-ingandnon-invertinginputs,theerrorcausedbytheampli-fier’sinputbiascurrentwillbereduced.ThecircuitinFigure4showshowtocanceltheerrorcausedbyinputbiascurrent.

DS100920-4

FIGURE1.IndirectlyDrivingACapacitiveLoadUsing

ResistiveIsolationInFigure1,theisolationresistorRISOandtheloadcapacitorCLformapoletoincreasestabilitybyaddingmorephasemargintotheoverallsystem.Thedesiredperformancede-pendsonthevalueofRISO.ThebiggertheRISOresistorvalue,themorestableVOUTwillbe.Figure2isanoutputwaveformofFigure1using100kΩforRISOand1000pFforCL.

DS100920-6

FIGURE4.CancellingtheErrorCausedbyInputBias

Current4.0TypicalSingle-SupplyApplicationCircuits

4.1DifferenceAmplifier

Thedifferenceamplifierallowsthesubtractionoftwovolt-agesor,asaspecialcase,thecancellationofasignalcom-montotwoinputs.Itisusefulasacomputationalamplifier,inmakingadifferentialtosingle-endedconversionorinreject-ingacommonmodesignal.

DS100920-75

FIGURE2.PulseResponseoftheLPV324Circuitin

Figure1ThecircuitinFigure3isanimprovementtotheoneinFigure1becauseitprovidesDCaccuracyaswellasACstability.IftherewerealoadresistorinFigure1,theoutputwouldbevoltagedividedbyRISOandtheloadresistor.Instead,inFig-ure3,RFprovidestheDCaccuracybyusingfeed-forwardtechniquestoconnectVINtoRL.Cautionisneededinchoos-www.national.com

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ApplicationNotes

(Continued)

4.2.2Two-op-ampInstrumentationAmplifier

Atwo-op-ampinstrumentationamplifiercanalsobeusedtomakeahigh-input-impedanceDCdifferentialamplifier(Fig-ure7).Asinthethree-op-ampcircuit,thisinstrumentationamplifierrequirespreciseresistormatchingforgoodCMRR.R4shouldequaltoR1andR3shouldequalR2.

DS100920-7

DS100920-11

FIGURE5.DifferenceAmplifier

4.2InstrumentationCircuits

TheinputimpedanceofthepreviousdifferenceamplifierissetbytheresistorR1,R2,R3,andR4.Toeliminatetheprob-lemsoflowinputimpedance,onewayistouseavoltagefol-loweraheadofeachinputasshowninthefollowingtwoin-strumentationamplifiers.

4.2.1Three-op-ampInstrumentationAmplifier

ThequadLPV324canbeusedtobuildathree-op-ampin-strumentationamplifierasshowninFigure6FIGURE7.Two-op-ampInstrumentationAmplifier4.3Single-SupplyInvertingAmplifier

Theremaybecaseswheretheinputsignalgoingintotheamplifierisnegative.Becausetheamplifierisoperatinginsinglesupplyvoltage,avoltagedividerusingR3andR4isimplementedtobiastheamplifiersotheinputsignaliswithintheinputcommon-commonvoltagerangeoftheamplifier.ThecapacitorC1isplacedbetweentheinvertinginputandresistorR1toblocktheDCsignalgoingintotheACsignalsource,VIN.ThevaluesofR1andC1affectthecutofffre-quency,fc=1/2πR1C1.

Asaresult,theouptutsignaliscenteredaroundmid-supply(ifthevoltagedividerprovidesV+/2atthenon-invertingin-put).Theoutputcanswingtobothrails,maximizingthesignal-to-noiseratioinalowvoltagesystem.

DS100920-85

FIGURE6.Three-op-ampInstrumentationAmplifierThefirststageofthisinstrumentationamplifierisadifferential-input,differential-outputamplifier,withtwovolt-agefollowers.Thesetwovoltagefollowersassurethattheinputimpedanceisover100MΩ.Thegainofthisinstrumen-tationamplifierissetbytheratioofR2/R1.R3shouldequalR1andR4equalR2.MatchingofR3toR1andR4toR2af-fectstheCMRR.ForgoodCMRRovertemperature,lowdriftresistorsshouldbeused.MakingR4SlightlysmallerthanR2andaddingatrimpotequaltotwicethedifferencebetweenR2andR4willallowtheCMRRtobeadjustedforoptimum.

DS100920-13

FIGURE8.Single-SupplyInvertingAmplifier4.4ActiveFilter

4.4.1SimpleLow-PassActiveFilter

Thesimplelow-passfilterisshowninFigure9.Itslow-frequencygain(ω→o)isdefinedby−R3/R1.Thisallowslow-frequencygainsotherthanunitytobeobtained.Thefil-terhasa−20dB/decaderoll-offafteritscornerfrequencyfc.R2shouldbechosenequaltotheparallelcombinationofR1andR3tominimizeerrorsduetobaiscurrent.ThefrequencyresponseofthefilterisshowninFigure1011

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ApplicationNotes

(Continued)

DS100920-14

FIGURE9.SimpleLow-PassActiveFilter

DS100920-15

FIGURE10.FrequencyResponseofSimpleLow-pass

ActiveFilterinFigure9Notethatthesingle-op-ampactivefiltersareusedintotheapplicationsthatrequirelowqualityfactor,Q(≤10),lowfre-quency(≤5KHz),andlowgain(≤10),orasmallvaluefortheproductofgaintimesQ(≤100).Theopampshouldhaveanopenloopvoltagegainatthehighestfrequencyofinterestatleast50timeslargerthanthegainofthefilteratthisfre-quency.Inaddition,theselectedopampshouldhaveaslewratethatmeetsthefollowingrequirement:

SlewRate≥0.5x(ωHVOPP)X10−6V/µsec

WhereωHisthehighestfrequencyofinterest,andVOPPistheoutputpeak-to-peakvoltage.

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SC70-5TapeandReelSpecification

DS100920-B3

SOT-23-5TapeandReelSpecification

TAPEFORMAT

TapeSection

Leader(StartEnd)CarrierTrailer(HubEnd)

#Cavities0(min)75(min)3000250125(min)0(min)

CavityStatus

EmptyEmptyFilledFilledEmptyEmpty

CoverTapeStatus

SealedSealedSealedSealedSealedSealed

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SOT-23-5TapeandReelSpecification

TAPEDIMENSIONS

(Continued)

DS100920-B1

8mmTapeSize

0.130(3.3)DIMA

0.124(3.15)DIMAo

0.130(3.3)DIMB

0.126(3.2)DIMBo

0.138±0.002(3.5±0.05)DIMF

0.055±0.004(1.4±0.11)DIMKo

0.157(4)DIMP1

0.315±0.012(8±0.3)DIMW

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SOT-23-5TapeandReelSpecification

REELDIMENSIONS

(Continued)

DS100920-B2

8mmTapeSize

7.00330.00A

0.0590.5120.7952.1651.50B

13.0020.2055.00C

D

N

0.331+0.059/−0.0008.40+1.50/−0.00

W1

0.56714.40W2

W1+0.078/−0.039W1+2.00/−1.00

W3

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PhysicalDimensions

inches(millimeters)unlessotherwisenoted

5-PinSC70-5TapeandReel

OrderNumberLPV321M7andLPV321M7X

NSPackageNumberMAA05A

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PhysicalDimensions

inches(millimeters)unlessotherwisenoted(Continued)

5-PinSOT23-5TapeandReel

OrderNumberLPV321M5andLPV321M5X

NSPackageNumberMA05B

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PhysicalDimensions

inches(millimeters)unlessotherwisenoted(Continued)

8-PinSmallOutline

OrderNumberLPV358MandLPV358MX

NSPackageNumberM08A

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PhysicalDimensions

inches(millimeters)unlessotherwisenoted(Continued)

8-PinMSOP

OrderNumberLPV358MMandLPV358MMX

NSPackageNumberMUA08A

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PhysicalDimensions

inches(millimeters)unlessotherwisenoted(Continued)

14-PinSmallOutline

OrderNumberLPV324MandLPV324MX

NSPackageNumberM14A

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LPV321Single/LPV358Dual/LPV324QuadGeneralPurpose,LowVoltage,LowPower,Rail-to-RailOutputOperationalAmplifiersPhysicalDimensions

inches(millimeters)unlessotherwisenoted(Continued)

14-PinTSSOP

OrderNumberLPV324MTandLPV324MTX

NSPackageNumberMTC14

LIFESUPPORTPOLICY

NATIONAL’SPRODUCTSARENOTAUTHORIZEDFORUSEASCRITICALCOMPONENTSINLIFESUPPORTDEVICESORSYSTEMSWITHOUTTHEEXPRESSWRITTENAPPROVALOFTHEPRESIDENTANDGENERALCOUNSELOFNATIONALSEMICONDUCTORCORPORATION.Asusedherein:1.Lifesupportdevicesorsystemsaredevicesorsystemswhich,(a)areintendedforsurgicalimplantintothebody,or(b)supportorsustainlife,andwhosefailuretoperformwhenproperlyusedinaccordancewithinstructionsforuseprovidedinthelabeling,canbereasonablyexpectedtoresultinasignificantinjurytotheuser.

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Tel:1-800-272-9959Fax:1-800-737-7018Email:support@nsc.com

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DeutschTel:+49(0)180-5308585EnglishTel:+49(0)180-5327832FrançaisTel:+49(0)180-5329358ItalianoTel:+49(0)180-5341680

2.Acriticalcomponentisanycomponentofalifesupportdeviceorsystemwhosefailuretoperformcanbereasonablyexpectedtocausethefailureofthelifesupportdeviceorsystem,ortoaffectitssafetyoreffectiveness.

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Email:sea.support@nsc.com

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Tel:81-3-5639-7560Fax:81-3-5639-7507

Nationaldoesnotassumeanyresponsibilityforuseofanycircuitrydescribed,nocircuitpatentlicensesareimpliedandNationalreservestherightatanytimewithoutnoticetochangesaidcircuitryandspecifications.