侵权法(中英文对照)

English version

Tort Law of the People's Republic of China

中文版

发文日期：2009年12月26日 有效范围：全国 发文机关：全国人民代表大会常务委员会

文号：中华人民共和国令第21号 时效性：现行有效

Promulgation date: 12-26-2009 Effective region: NATIONAL

Promulgator: Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

Document no: Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 21 Effectiveness: Effective Effective date: 07-01-2010 Category: Tort ( Civil Law->Tort )

生效日期：2010年07月01日 所属分类：侵权 ( 民法->侵权 )

全文：

中华人民共和国侵权责任法

Full text:

Tort Law of the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国令第21号

Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 21

2009年12月26日

December 26, 2009

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》已由中华人民共和国第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议于2009年12月26日通过，现予公布，自2010年7

The Tort Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 12th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on December 26, 2009, is hereby promulgated and shall come into effect on July 1, 2010.

月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国

President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao

中华人民共和国侵权责任法

Tort Law of the People's Republic of China

（2009年12月26日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过）

Adopted at the 12th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on December 26, 2009

目录

第一章 一般规定 第二章 责任构成和责任方式

第三章 不承担责任和减轻责任的情形 第四章 关于责任主体的特殊规定 第五章 产品责任 第六章 机动车交通事故责任

第七章 医疗损害责任

第八章 环境污染责任

第九章 高度危险责任

第十章 饲养动物损害责任

第十一章 物件损害责任

Contents

Chapter I General Provisions

Chapter II Constitutive Requirements of Liability and Methods for Assuming Liability

Chapter III Circumstances under which Liability Is Waived or Mitigated

Chapter IV Special Provisions on Liable Parties Chapter V Product Liability

Chapter VI Automobile Traffic Accident Liability Chapter VII Medical Malpractice Liability Chapter VIII Environmental Pollution Liability Chapter IX High-Risk Operation Liability

Chapter X Liability for Damage Caused by Domesticated Animals

Chapter XI Liability for Damage Caused by Objects Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

第十二章 附则

第一章 一般规定

Chapter I General Provisions

第一条 为保护民事主体的合法权益，明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进社会和谐稳定，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of civil parties, determining liability for torts, preventing and penalizing tortious acts, and promoting social harmony and stability.

第二条 侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。

本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、荣誉权、肖像权、隐私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。

Article 2 Whoever infringes on the civil rights and interests of others shall be liable for the tortious acts in accordance with this Law.

For the purpose of this Law, \"civil rights and interests\" shall include personal and property rights and interests such as the right to life, the right to health, rights associated with names, reputational rights, honorary rights, the right to one's image, the right to privacy, the right to marital autonomy, the right to guardianship, ownership, usufruct, security interests, copyrights, patent rights, exclusive rights to use trademarks, discovery rights, equities, right of succession, etc.

第三条 被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。

Article 3 Parties whose rights are infringed upon shall be entitled to request the infringing parties be held liable for torts.

第四条 侵权人因同一行为应当承担行政责任或者刑事责任的，不影响依法承担侵权责任。

Article 4 The assumption of administrative or criminal liability by an infringing party for the same act shall not prejudice its assumption of tortious liability in accordance with the law.

Where an infringing party bears tort liability,

因同一行为应当承担侵权责任和行政责任、刑事责任，侵权人的财产不足以支付的，先承担侵权责任。

administrative liability and criminal liability for the same act but has insufficient assets to meet all claims made in relation thereto, it shall first assume the tortious liability.

第五条 其他法律对侵权责任另有特别规定的，依照其规定。

Article 5 Special provisions, if any, prescribed by other laws on tort liability shall prevail.

第二章 责任构成和责任方式

Chapter II Constitutive Requirements of Liability and Methods for Assuming Liability

第六条 行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益，应当承担侵权责任。 根据法律规定推定行为人有过错，行为人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 6 Whoever is at fault in infringing upon another party's civil rights and interests shall bear tort liability. Whoever is presumed to be at fault by law and is unable to prove otherwise shall bear tort liability.

第七条 行为人损害他人民事权益，不论行为人有无过错，法律规定应当承担侵权责任的，依照其规定。

Article 7 Whoever infringes upon another party's civil rights and interests and shall bear tort liability by law regardless of whether it is at fault shall be subject to such provisions.

第 二人以上共同实施侵权行为，造成他人损害的，应当承担连带

Article 8 Two or more parties whose joint infringement causes damage to another party shall be jointly and severally liable.

责任。

第九条 教唆、帮助他人实施侵权行为的，应当与行为人承担连带责任。

教唆、帮助无民事行为能力人、民事行为能力人实施侵权行为的，应当承担侵权责任；该无民事行为能力人、民事行为能力人的监护人未尽到监护责任的，应当承担相应的责任。

Article 9 Whoever incites or assists another party to carry out tortious conducts shall be jointly and severally liable with the latter party.

Whoever incites or assists a party who lacks or has limited civil capacity to carry out tortious conducts shall bear tort liability. The guardian of the party who lacks or has limited civil capacity shall bear corresponding liability if he/she fails to fulfill the duties as a guardian.

第十条 二人以上实施危及他人人身、财产安全的行为，其中一人或者数人的行为造成他人损害，能够确定具体侵权人的，由侵权人承担责任；不能确定具体侵权人的，行为人承担连带责任。

Article 10 Where two or more people engage in a conduct that endangers another person's personal or property safety, and the conduct of one or more people causes damage to that person, if the specific infringing party can be determined, the infringing party shall be liable; otherwise, all persons involved shall be jointly and severally liable.

第十一条 二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，每个人的侵权行为都足以造成全部损害的，行为人承担连带责任。

Article 11 Where two or more people respectively carry out tortious acts that cause the same damage and the tortious acts of each person are capable of causing the entire damage sustained, all persons involved shall be jointly and severally liable.

第十二条 二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，能够确定责任大小的，各自承担相应的责任；难以确定责任大小的，平均承担赔偿责任。

Article 12 Where two or more people respectively engage in tortious acts that cause the same damage and the extent to which each person is liable can be determined, the infringing parties shall respectively bear the corresponding liability; in the event that it is difficult to determine the extent to which each person is liable, the infringing parties shall be liable to pay an equal amount of compensation.

第十三条 法律规定承担连带责任的，被侵权人有权请求部分或者全部连带责任人承担责任。

Article 13 Where the law provides that joint and several liability shall be assumed, a party whose rights are infringed upon shall be entitled to claim liability in whole or in part against all parties jointly and severally liable.

第十四条 连带责任人根据各自责任大小确定相应的赔偿数额；难以确定责任大小的，平均承担赔偿责任。 支付超出自己赔偿数额的连带责任人，有权向其他连带责任人追偿。

Article 14 The amount of compensation to be paid by the parties jointly and severally liable shall be determined according to the extent of their respective liability; where the extent of their respective liability is difficult to determine, such parties shall be liable to pay an equal amount of compensation.

A party jointly and severally liable who pays compensation of more than the amount for which it is liable shall be entitled to recover from other parties jointly and severally liable.

第十五条 承担侵权责任的方式主要有： （一）停止侵害； （二）排除妨碍； （三）消除危险； （四）返还财产； （五）恢复原状； （六）赔偿损失； （七）赔礼道歉； （八）消除影响、恢

Article 15 The principal methods by which tort liability shall be borne are:

1. Cessation of infringement; 2. Removal of obstruction; 3. Elimination of danger; 4. Return of property;

5. Restoration to the original state; 6. Compensation for losses; 7. Apology; and

8. Elimination of adverse impacts and restoration of

复名誉。

以上承担侵权责任的方式，可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。

reputation.

The above methods may be applied independently or concurrently.

第十六条 侵害他人造成人身损害的，应当赔偿医疗费、护理费、交通费等为治疗和康复支出的合理费用，以及因误工减少的收入。造成残疾的，还应当赔偿残疾生活辅助具费和残疾赔偿金。造成死亡的，还应当赔偿丧葬费和死亡赔偿金。

Article 16 Whoever harms another person and causes bodily injury shall compensate for all reasonable expenses incurred for treatment and recovery such as medical expenses, nursing expenses and transportation expenses, as well as the incomes lost due to absence from work; where the victim suffers from disability, the infringing party shall pay for the fees for daily living assistive devices and disability allowance; where the infringing party's conduct results in death, it shall pay all funeral expenses and death compensation.

第十七条 因同一侵权行为造成多人死亡的，可以以相同数额确定死亡赔偿金。

Article 17 Where the same tortious act causes more than one person to die, the amount of death compensation payable may be the same.

第十 被侵权人死亡的，其近亲属有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。被侵权人为单位，该单位分立、合并的，承继权利的单位有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。 被侵权人死亡的，支付被侵权人医疗费、丧葬费等合理费用的人有权请求侵权人赔偿费用，但

Article 18 Where a party whose rights are infringed upon dies, his/her immediate relatives shall be entitled to request the infringing party be held liable for tort. Where the party whose rights are infringed upon is an entity which has been divided or merged, the successor thereof shall be entitled to request the infringing party be held liable for tort.

Where the party whose rights are infringed upon dies, the party who has paid reasonable expenses such as medical expenses and funeral expenses shall be entitled to request the infringing party to make compensation,

侵权人已支付该费用的除外。

unless the infringing party has already paid such expenses.

第十九条 侵害他人财产的，财产损失按照损失发生时的市场价格或者其他方式计算。

Article 19 As regards infringements on another person's property, the property loss shall be calculated according to the market price for the property when the loss is incurred or by other means.

第二十条 侵害他人人身权益造成财产损失的，按照被侵权人因此受到的损失赔偿；被侵权人的损失难以确定，侵权人因此获得利益的，按照其获得的利益赔偿；侵权人因此获得的利益难以确定，被侵权人和侵权人就赔偿数额协商不一致，向人民提起诉讼的，由人民根据实际情况确定赔偿数额。

Article 20 Whoever infringes upon the personal rights and interests of another party and thereby causes property losses shall pay compensation for the losses suffered by the party whose rights are infringed upon; where the losses of the party whose rights are infringed upon are difficult to determine but the infringing party has made gains from the infringing acts, the infringing party shall pay compensation according to the gains obtained; where the gains obtained by the infringing party are difficult to determine and the party whose rights are infringed upon and the infringing party are unable to reach an agreement on the amount of compensation through negotiation, following which a lawsuit is filed with a people's court, the people's court shall determine the amount of

compensation payable according to actual circumstances.

第二十一条 侵权行为危及他人人身、财产安全的，被侵权人可以请求侵权人承担停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险等侵权责任。

Article 21 Where a tortious act endangers the personal or property safety of another person, the party whose rights are infringed upon may request that the infringing party assume tort liability such as ceasing infringement, removing obstruction, eliminating danger, etc.

第二十二条 侵害他

Article 22 Where the infringements upon a party's

人人身权益，造成他人严重精神损害的，被侵权人可以请求精神损害赔偿。

personal rights and interests cause the party to suffer from serious mental distress, the said party may claim compensation for mental distress.

第二十三条 因防止、制止他人民事权益被侵害而使自己受到损害的，由侵权人承担责任。侵权人逃逸或者无力承担责任，被侵权人请求补偿的，受益人应当给予适当补偿。

Article 23 Where a party suffers an injury in seeking to prevent or stop another party's civil rights and interests from being infringed upon, the infringing party shall be liable. Where the infringing party has escaped or is unable to bear liability, and the party whose rights are infringed upon claims compensation, the beneficiary shall pay appropriate compensation.

第二十四条 受害人和行为人对损害的发生都没有过错的，可以根据实际情况，由双方分担损失。

Article 24 Where neither the victim nor the perpetrator is at fault in the occurrence of damage, they may share the resulting loss according to actual circumstances.

第二十五条 损害发生后，当事人可以协商赔偿费用的支付方式。协商不一致的，赔偿费用应当一次性支付；一次性支付确有困难的，可以分期支付，但应当提供相应的担保。

Article 25 After damage occurs, the parties concerned may discuss the method for paying compensation. Where no agreement is reached through negotiation, compensation shall be paid in a lump sum; where lump-sum payment of compensation is genuinely difficult, the compensation may be paid by installment provided a corresponding guarantee is given.

第三章 不承担责任和减轻责任的情形

Chapter III Circumstances under which Liability Is Waived or Mitigated

第二十六条 被侵权人对损害的发生也有过错的，可以减轻侵权人的责任。

Article 26 The liability of an infringing party may be mitigated to the extent that the party whose rights are infringed upon is also at fault in the damage sustained.

第二十七条 损害是因受害人故意造成的，行为人不承担责任。

Article 27 Where damage is intentionally caused by a victim, the actor shall not be liable.

第二十 损害是因第三人造成的，第三人应当承担侵权责任。

Article 28 Where damage is caused by a third party, the third party shall bear tort liability.

第二十九条 因不可抗力造成他人损害的，不承担责任。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。

Article 29 Unless otherwise prescribed by law, no liability shall arise for damage sustained by any party as a result of force majeure.

第三十条 因正当防卫造成损害的，不承担责任。正当防卫超过必要的限度，造成不应有的损害的，正当防卫人应当承担适当的责任。

Article 30 No party shall be liable for damage caused in reasonable self-defense, provided that where an action taken in self-defense goes beyond what is necessary and causes unnecessary damage, the party acting in self-defense shall bear appropriate liability.

第三十一条 因紧急避险造成损害的，由引起险情发生的人承担责任。如果危险是由自然原因

Article 31 Where damage is caused in avoiding danger under emergency, the person who causes the emergency shall be liable for such damage. Where danger is caused by natural reasons, the party who take steps to avoid the danger under emergency shall not be liable or shall be

引起的，紧急避险人不承担责任或者给予适当补偿。紧急避险采取措施不当或者超过必要的限度，造成不应有的损害的，紧急避险人应当承担适当的责任。

required to pay only a reasonable amount of compensation. The said party shall, however, bear a reasonable degree of liability for any unnecessary damage caused by improper or excessive measures taken.

第四章 关于责任主体的特殊规定

Chapter IV Special Provisions on Liable Parties

第三十二条 无民事行为能力人、民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，由监护人承担侵权责任。监护人尽到监护责任的，可以减轻其侵权责任。

有财产的无民事行为能力人、民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，从本人财产中支付赔偿费用。不足部分，由监护人赔偿。

Article 32 Where a person who lacks or has limited civil capacity causes damage to another person, his/her guardian shall bear tort liability. Where the guardian has fulfilled the duties as a guardian, he/she may have the tort liability mitigated.

Compensation for any damage done to another person by the person who lacks or has limited civil capacity shall be payable out of the latter's assets, if any. The shortfall, if any, shall be made good by the guardian.

第三十三条 完全民事行为能力人对自己的行为暂时没有意识或者失去控制造成他人损害有过错的，应当承担侵权责任；没有过错的，根据行为人的经济状况对受害人适当补偿。

Article 33 Whoever with full civil capacity shall bear tort liability for damage done to another person as a result of temporary loss of consciousness or control of conducts; where the said party is not at fault, he/she shall, in light of his/her financial conditions, pay reasonable compensation to the victim.

Whoever with full civil capacity shall bear tort liability for damage done to another person as a result of temporary

完全民事行为能力人因醉酒、滥用品或者精神药品对自己的行为暂时没有意识或者失去控制造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

loss of consciousness or control of conducts caused by intoxication or abuse of narcotic or psychoactive drugs.

第三十四条 用人单位的工作人员因执行工作任务造成他人损害的，由用人单位承担侵权责任。

劳务派遣期间，被派遣的工作人员因执行工作任务造成他人损害的，由接受劳务派遣的用工单位承担侵权责任；劳务派遣单位有过错的，承担相应的补充责任。

Article 34 Employers shall bear tortious liability for any injury or damage caused to other people by their employees in the course of their work.

Parties that use dispatched labor shall bear tortious liability for any injury or damage caused to other people by dispatched personnel during the course of their work during the labor dispatch period; the labor dispatching party shall bear corresponding supplementary liability where it is at fault.

第三十五条 个人之间形成劳务关系，提供劳务一方因劳务造成他人损害的，由接受劳务一方承担侵权责任。提供劳务一方因劳务自己受到损害的，根据双方各自的过错承担相应的责任。

Article 35 Where a labor relationship has formed between individuals and the party providing labor causes an injury or damage to another person as a result of his labor services, the party to whom labor is provided shall bear tortious liability. Where the party providing labor causes injury or damage to himself as a result of his labor services, liability shall be borne by both parties in light of their respective degree of fault.

第三十六条 网络用户、网络服务提供者利用网络侵害他人民事权益

Article 36 Internet users and internet service providers shall bear tortious liability in the event they infringe other people's civil rights and interests through the internet.

的，应当承担侵权责任。 网络用户利用网络服务实施侵权行为的，被侵权人有权通知网络服务提供者采取删除、屏蔽、断开链接等必要措施。网络服务提供者接到通知后未及时采取必要措施的，对损害的扩大部分与该网络用户承担连带责任。

网络服务提供者知道网络用户利用其网络服务侵害他人民事权益，未采取必要措施的，与该网络用户承担连带责任。

Where an internet user engages in tortious conduct through internet services, the injured party shall have the right to inform the internet service provider that it should take necessary action such as by deleting content, screening, breaking links, etc. Where an internet service provider fails to take necessary action after being informed, it shall be jointly and severally liable with the internet user with regard to the additional injury or damage suffered.

Where an internet service provider knows an internet user is infringing other people's civil rights and interests through its internet service but fails to take necessary action, it shall be jointly and severally liable with the internet user.

第三十七条 宾馆、商场、银行、车站、娱乐场所等公共场所的管理人或者群众性活动的组织者，未尽到安全保障义务，造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。 因第三人的行为造成他人损害的，由第三人承担侵权责任；管理人或者组织者未尽到安全保障义务的，承担相应的补充责任。

Article 37 Managers of public places such as hotels, shopping markets, banks, bus stations, entertainment venues and the organizers of mass activities shall bear tortious liability for injury or damage done to other people as a result of their failure to fulfill their duty of care. Where the injury or damage is caused by a third party, the third party shall bear tortious liability, where the manager or organizer fails to fulfill its duty of care, it shall assume supplementary liability.

第三十 无民事行为能力人在幼儿园、学

Article 38 Where a person without civil capacity suffers a bodily injury while studying or living in a kindergarten,

校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间受到人身损害的，幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构应当承担责任，但能够证明尽到教育、管理职责的，不承担责任。

school or any other education institution, the

kindergarten, school or education institution shall be liable unless it can prove it has fulfilled its education and management duties.

第三十九条 民事行为能力人在学校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间受到人身损害，学校或者其他教育机构未尽到教育、管理职责的，应当承担责任。

Article 39 Where a person with limited civil capacity suffers a bodily injury while studying or living in a kindergarten, school or any other education institution, the kindergarten, school or education institution shall be liable in the event it fails to fulfill its education or management duties.

第四十条 无民事行为能力人或者民事行为能力人在幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间，受到幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构以外的人员人身损害的，由侵权人承担侵权责任；幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构未尽到管理职责的，承担相应的补充责任。

Article 40 Where a person who lacks or has limited civil capacity, while studying or living in a kindergarten, school or any other education institution, suffers a bodily injury caused by a person other than the kindergarten, school or education institution, the infringing party shall bear tortious liability; where the kindergarten, school or education institution fails to fulfill its management duties, it shall bear supplementary liability.

第五章 产品责任

Chapter V Product Liability

第四十一条 因产品存在缺陷造成他人损害的，生产者应当承担侵权责任。

Article 41 Producers shall bear tortious liability for damage caused to others by their defective products.

第四十二条 因销售者的过错使产品存在缺陷，造成他人损害的，销售者应当承担侵权责任。 销售者不能指明缺陷产品的生产者也不能指明缺陷产品的供货者的，销售者应当承担侵权责任。

Article 42 Sellers shall bear tortious liability for damage caused to others by defective products where the seller is at fault.

Where the seller is unable to identify either the producer or the supplier of defective products, the seller shall bear tortious liability.

第四十三条 因产品存在缺陷造成损害的，被侵权人可以向产品的生产者请求赔偿，也可以向产品的销售者请求赔偿。 产品缺陷由生产者造成的，销售者赔偿后，有权向生产者追偿。 因销售者的过错使产品存在缺陷的，生产者赔偿后，有权向销售者追偿。

Article 43 For damage caused by defective products, the injured party may seek compensation from either the producer or the seller.

Where the product defect is caused by the producer, the seller may, after paying compensation, claim the same from the producer.

Where the product defect is caused by the seller, the producer may, after paying compensation, claim the same from the seller.

第四十四条 因运输者、仓储者等第三人的过错使产品存在缺陷，造成他人损害的，产品的生产

Article 44 Where the product defect is caused by the transporter, the warehouse or another third party, the producer and the seller may, after paying compensation, claim the same from the third party.

者、销售者赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。

第四十五条 因产品缺陷危及他人人身、财产安全的，被侵权人有权请求生产者、销售者承担排除妨碍、消除危险等侵权责任。

Article 45 Where the product defect endangers other people's person or property, the injured party may hold the producer or the seller liable in tort and require that it remove obstacles, eliminate danger, or take other action.

第四十六条 产品投入流通后发现存在缺陷的，生产者、销售者应当及时采取警示、召回等补救措施。未及时采取补救措施或者补救措施不力造成损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 46 Where a product is found to be defective after it is put into circulation, the producer and the seller shall give timely warnings, recall the defective product, or take other remedial measures. If any damage is caused due to the untimeliness or ineffectiveness of remedial measures, the producer and the seller shall bear tortious liability.

第四十七条 明知产品存在缺陷仍然生产、销售，造成他人死亡或者健康严重损害的，被侵权人有权请求相应的惩罚性赔偿。

Article 47 Where any producer or seller knowingly produces or sells defective products that cause death or serious damage to the health of others, the injured party may claim appropriate punitive damages.

第六章 机动车交通事故责任

Chapter VI Automobile Traffic Accident Liability

第四十 机动车

Article 48 For damage caused by motor vehicles in traffic

发生交通事故造成损害的，依照道路交通安全法的有关规定承担赔偿责任。

accidents, liability to pay compensation shall be

determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety.

第四十九条 因租赁、借用等情形机动车所有人与使用人不是同一人时，发生交通事故后属于该机动车一方责任的，由保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿。不足部分，由机动车使用人承担赔偿责任；机动车所有人对损害的发生有过错的，承担相应的赔偿责任。

Article 49 Where the owner and user of a motor vehicle are not the same person in circumstances such as a lease, lending, etc., in the event liability for a traffic accident is borne by the person driving the vehicle, such liability may be covered by the insurance company within the compensation limit under the compulsory insurance procured for said vehicle. Any shortfall shall be borne by the user of the vehicle. If the owner of the vehicle contributes to the occurrence of the damage, he shall bear the corresponding liability.

第五十条 当事人之间已经以买卖等方式转让并交付机动车但未办理所有权转移登记，发生交通事故后属于该机动车一方责任的，由保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿。不足部分，由受让人承担赔偿责任。

Article 50 Where a motor vehicle is sold and delivered to the buyer or transferred by other means and delivered to the transferee but the name of the owner has not been changed, in the event liability for a traffic accident is borne by the person driving the vehicle, such liability may be covered by the insurance company within the compensation limit under the compulsory insurance procured for said vehicle. Any shortfall shall be borne by the buyer or the transferee.

第五十一条 以买卖等方式转让拼装或者已达到报废标准的机动车，

Article 51 Where an assembled motor vehicle or a motor vehicle that is due to be scrapped is sold or transferred by other means, the transferor and the transferee shall be

发生交通事故造成损害的，由转让人和受让人承担连带责任。

jointly and severally liable for damage caused by said vehicle in a traffic accident.

第五十二条 盗窃、抢劫或者抢夺的机动车发生交通事故造成损害的，由盗窃人、抢劫人或者抢夺人承担赔偿责任。保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内垫付抢救费用的，有权向交通事故责任人追偿。

Article 52 Where a motor vehicle is stolen, converted or looted, the thief, converter or looter shall be liable for damage caused by said vehicle in a traffic accident. If the insurance company pays rescue costs within the compensation limit under the compulsory insurance procured for said vehicle on behalf of the liable party, it may claim the same from the liable party.

第五十三条 机动车驾驶人发生交通事故后逃逸，该机动车参加强制保险的，由保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿；机动车不明或者该机动车未参加强制保险，需要支付被侵权人人身伤亡的抢救、丧葬等费用的，由道路交通事故社会救助基金垫付。道路交通事故社会救助基金垫付后，其管理机构有权向交通事故责任人追偿。

Article 53 Where a motor vehicle driver flees after a traffic accident, if the vehicle is subject to compulsory insurance, compensation shall be covered by the insurance company within the compensation limit under the compulsory insurance procured for said vehicle. If the vehicle is unknown or if the vehicle is not subject to compulsory insurance, the costs paid for rescuing or burying the injured party and other relevant costs shall be paid out of the Social Assistance Fund for Road Traffic Accidents on behalf of the liable party. The administrative organ for the Fund may, after paying compensation, claim the same from the liable party.

第七章 医疗损害责任

Chapter VII Medical Malpractice Liability

第五十四条 患者在诊疗活动中受到损害，医疗机构及其医务人员有过错的，由医疗机构承担赔偿责任。

Article 54 Where any damage is caused to a patient in the course of medical treatment, if the medical institution and/or any of its medical professionals are/is at fault, the medical institution shall be liable to pay compensation.

第五十五条 医务人员在诊疗活动中应当向患者说明病情和医疗措施。需要实施手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗的，医务人员应当及时向患者说明医疗风险、替代医疗方案等情况，并取得其书面同意；不宜向患者说明的，应当向患者的近亲属说明，并取得其书面同意。

医务人员未尽到前款义务，造成患者损害的，医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。

Article 55 During the course of medical treatment, medical professionals shall inform patients of their conditions and the medical measures to be taken. If surgery, a special examination, or special treatment is necessary, the medical professional shall promptly explain to the patient the risks of such treatment and the alternative treatments available and shall obtain the patient's written consent. If it is inappropriate to tell the patient of his condition, the medical professional shall explain the same to the patient's close relatives and obtain their written consent. If any medical professional fails to fulfill the obligations specified in the preceding paragraph, which results in an injury to the patient, the medical institution concerned shall be liable to pay compensation.

第五十六条 因抢救生命垂危的患者等紧急情况，不能取得患者或者其近亲属意见的，经医疗机构负责人或者授权的负责人批准，可以立即实施相应的医疗措施。

Article 56 If the medical professional is unable to obtain consent from the patient or his close relatives in a life-threatening situation, he may administer appropriate medical treatment without receiving consent from the patient or his close relatives provided such treatment is approved by the responsible person or the authorized person for the medical institution.

第五十七条 医务人

Article 57 If a medical professional fails to perform his

员在诊疗活动中未尽到与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务，造成患者损害的，医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。

diagnosis and treatment obligations according to current standards, thereby resulting in damage to the patient, the medical institution concerned shall be liable to pay compensation.

第五十 患者有损害，因下列情形之一的，推定医疗机构有过错：

（一）违反法律、行规、规章以及其他有关诊疗规范的规定； （二）隐匿或者拒绝提供与纠纷有关的病历资料；

（三）伪造、篡改或者销毁病历资料。

Article 58 If any damage is caused to the patient under any of the following circumstances, the medical institution shall be deemed to be at fault:

1. Its medical professionals have violated laws, administrative regulations, rules, or other relevant requirements on diagnostic and treatment practices; 2. Its medical professionals have concealed or refused to provide medical records relating to the dispute; or 3. Its medical professionals have forged, tampered with or destroyed medical records.

第五十九条 因药品、消毒药剂、医疗器械的缺陷，或者输入不合格的血液造成患者损害的，患者可以向生产者或者血液提供机构请求赔偿，也可以向医疗机构请求赔偿。患者向医疗机构请求赔偿的，医疗机构赔偿后，有权向负有责任的生产者或者血液提供机构追偿。

Article 59 If any damage is caused to the patient due to defective drugs, infected medical devices or sub-standard blood, the patient may seek compensation from the producer, the blood supplier, or the medical institution. If the patient elects to seek compensation from the medical institution, the medical institution may, after paying compensation, claim the same from the liable producer or blood supplier.

第六十条 患者有损害，因下列情形之一的，医疗机构不承担赔偿责任：

（一）患者或者其近亲属不配合医疗机构进行符合诊疗规范的诊疗； （二）医务人员在抢救生命垂危的患者等紧急情况下已经尽到合理诊疗义务；

（三）限于当时的医疗水平难以诊疗。 前款第一项情形中，医疗机构及其医务人员也有过错的，应当承担相应的赔偿责任。

Article 60 If any damage is caused to the patient under any of the following circumstances, the medical institution shall not be liable to pay compensation:

1. The patient or any of his close relatives fails to cooperate with the medical institution in the course of qualified medical treatment;

2. Medical professionals have performed their reasonable obligation to save the patient in a life-threatening situation; or

3. Existing medical standards are not high enough to treat the patient.

For Item 1 of the preceding Paragraph, if the medical institution and its medical professionals are at fault, the medical institution shall bear corresponding liability.

第六十一条 医疗机构及其医务人员应当按照规定填写并妥善保管住院志、医嘱单、检验报告、手术及麻醉记录、病理资料、护理记录、医疗费用等病历资料。 患者要求查阅、复制前款规定的病历资料的，医疗机构应当提供。

Article 61 Medical institutions and their medical professionals shall complete and properly maintain hospital admission records, doctors' instruction sheets, laboratory test reports, surgical and anesthesia records, pathology data, health care records, medical cost records, and other medical records.

Where a patient requests access to or a copy of any of the medical records specified in the preceding Paragraph, the medical institution shall provide the same.

第六十二条 医疗机构及其医务人员应当对患者的隐私保密。泄露患者隐私或者未经患者同

Article 62 Medical institutions and their medical professionals shall maintain the privacy and

confidentiality of their patients and information thereon. Any person who causes damage to a patient through

意公开其病历资料，造成患者损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

unauthorized disclosure of the patient's private or medical records shall bear tortious liability.

第六十三条 医疗机构及其医务人员不得违反诊疗规范实施不必要的检查。

Article 63 No medical institution or medical professional thereof shall carry out unnecessary checks in violation of clinical norms.

第六十四条 医疗机构及其医务人员的合法权益受法律保护。干扰医疗秩序，妨害医务人员工作、生活的，应当依法承担法律责任。

Article The legitimate rights and interests of medical institutions and their medical professionals shall be protected by law. Anyone who disturbs the order of medical treatment or hinders the work or life of medical professionals shall bear legal liability according to law.

第八章 环境污染责任

Chapter VIII Environmental Pollution Liability

第六十五条 因污染环境造成损害的，污染者应当承担侵权责任。

Article 65 Where any damage is caused by environmental pollution, the polluter shall bear tortious liability.

第六十六条 因污染环境发生纠纷，污染者应当就法律规定的不承担责任或者减轻责任的情形及其行为与损害之间不存在因果关系承担举证责任。

Article 66 In the event of a dispute over environmental pollution, the polluter shall bear the burden of proof regarding any exemption from or mitigation of liability and the causal relationship between his conduct and the damage.

第六十七条 两个以上污染者污染环境，污染者承担责任的大小，根据污染物的种类、排放量等因素确定。

Article 67 Where there are two or more polluters, the proportion of damage for which each is liable shall be determined according to the type of pollutant, the volume of emissions, and other factors.

第六十 因第三人的过错污染环境造成损害的，被侵权人可以向污染者请求赔偿，也可以向第三人请求赔偿。污染者赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。

Article 68 Where any damage is caused by environmental pollution attributable to a third party, the injured party may seek compensation from either the polluter or the third party. The polluter may, after paying compensation, claim the same from the third party.

第九章 高度危险责任

Chapter IX High-Risk Operation Liability

第六十九条 从事高度危险作业造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 69 Anyone who causes damage to another person by engaging in high-risk operations shall bear tortious liability.

第七十条 民用核设施发生核事故造成他人损害的，民用核设施的经营者应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因战争等情形或者受害人故意造成的，不承担责任。

Article 70 Where any damage is caused by a civil nuclear facility, the operator of said civil nuclear facility shall bear tortious liability unless he can prove that the damage was caused by war or that the victim deliberately incurred the damage.

第七十一条 民用航空器造成他人损害的，民用航空器的经营者应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因受害人故意造成的，不承担责任。

Article 71 Where any damage is caused by a civil aircraft, the operator of said civil aircraft shall bear tortious liability unless he can prove that that the victim deliberately incurred the damage.

第七十二条 占有或者使用易燃、易爆、剧毒、放射性等高度危险物造成他人损害的，占有人或者使用人应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因受害人故意或者不可抗力造成的，不承担责任。被侵权人对损害的发生有重大过失的，可以减轻占有人或者使用人的责任。

Article 72 Where any damage is caused by the possession or use of flammable, explosive, poisonous, radioactive, or other high-risk materials, the person in possession or use thereof shall bear tortious liability unless he can prove that that the victim deliberately incurred the damage or that the damage was caused by a force majeure event. If the injured party is at major fault in the occurrence of the damage, the liability of the person in possession or use of said materials may be mitigated.

第七十三条 从事高空、高压、地下挖掘活动或者使用高速轨道运输工具造成他人损害的，经营者应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因受害人故意或者不可抗力造成的，不承担责任。被侵权人对损害的发生有过失的，可以减轻经营者的责任。

Article 73 Where any damage is caused by high-altitude operations, high-pressure operations, underground mining activities or the use of high-speed rail transport, the operator shall bear tortious liability unless he can prove that that the victim deliberately incurred the damage or that the damage was caused by a force majeure event. If the injured party is at major fault in the occurrence of the damage, the liability of the operator may be mitigated.

第七十四条 遗失、抛弃高度危险物造成他人损害的，由所有人承担侵权责任。所有人将高度危险物交由他人管理的，由管理人承担侵权责任；所有人有过错的，与管理人承担连带责任。

Article 74 Where any damage is caused by discarding or abandoning high-risk materials, the owner shall bear tortious liability. If the high-risk materials are managed by a custodian authorized by the owner, the custodian shall bear tortious liability. If the owner is at fault, he shall be jointly and severally liable.

第七十五条 非法占有高度危险物造成他人损害的，由非法占有人承担侵权责任。所有人、管理人不能证明对防止他人非法占有尽到高度注意义务的，与非法占有人承担连带责任。

Article 75 Where any damage is caused by the unlawful possession of high-risk materials, the party in unlawful possession shall bear tortious liability. If the owner or custodian cannot prove that they exercised due care to prevent others from unlawfully possessing the same, they shall be jointly and severally liable.

第七十六条 未经许可进入高度危险活动区域或者高度危险物存放区域受到损害，管理人已经采取安全措施并尽到警示义务的，可以减轻或者不承担责任。

Article 76 Where any damage is caused by unauthorized access to high-risk operation areas or storage areas for high-risk materials, if the custodian has taken security measures and fulfilled his obligation to provide warnings, his liability may be mitigated or exempted.

第七十七条 承担高度危险责任，法律规定赔偿限额的，依照其规定。

Article 77 If any law provides for a limited amount of compensation regarding high-risk operation liability, such provisions shall apply.

第十章 饲养动物损害责任

Chapter X Liability for Damage Caused by Domesticated Animals

第七十 饲养的动物造成他人损害的，动物饲养人或者管理人应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因被侵权人故意或者重大过失造成的，可以不承担或者减轻责任。

Article 78 Where any damage is caused by a domesticated animal, the keeper or manager thereof shall bear tortious liability unless he can prove that the victim deliberately or negligently incurred the damage, in which case his liability may be mitigated or exempted.

第七十九条 违反管理规定，未对动物采取安全措施造成他人损害的，动物饲养人或者管理人应当承担侵权责任。

Article 79 Where any damage is caused by a failure to take security measures for an animal in violation of

regulations, the keeper or manager of said animal shall bear tortious liability.

第八十条 禁止饲养的烈性犬等危险动物造成他人损害的，动物饲养人或者管理人应当承担侵权责任。

Article 80 Where any damage is caused by a fierce dog or other dangerous animal, the keeper or manager thereof shall bear tortious liability.

第八十一条 动物园的动物造成他人损害的，动物园应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明尽到管理职责的，不承担责任。

Article 81 Where any damage is caused by a zoo animal, the zoo shall bear tortious liability unless it can prove that due diligence has been exercised in managing said animal, in which case the zoo shall not be liable.

第八十二条 遗弃、逃逸的动物在遗弃、逃逸期间造成他人损害的，由原动物饲养人或者管理人承担侵权责任。

Article 82 Where any damage is caused by an animal that is abandoned or at large after being abandoned or escaping, the original keeper or manager thereof shall bear tortious liability.

第八十三条 因第三人的过错致使动物造成他人损害的，被侵权人可以向动物饲养人或者管理人请求赔偿，也可以向第三人请求赔偿。动物饲养人或者管理人赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。

Article 83 Where any damage is caused by an animal for which a third party is at fault, the injured party may seek compensation either from the keeper or manager thereof or from the third party. The keeper or manager may, after paying compensation, claim the same from the third party.

第八十四条 饲养动物应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得妨害他人生活。

Article 84 Anyone who raises animals shall abide by laws and show respect for social ethics, and shall refrain from hindering the lives of others.

第十一章 物件损害责任

Chapter XI Liability for Damage Caused by Objects

第八十五条 建筑物、构筑物或者其他设施及其搁置物、悬挂物发生脱落、坠落造成他人损害，所有人、管理人或者使用人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。所有人、管理人或

Article 85 Where any damage is caused by a collapsing building, structure or other facility or by falling objects that are stored therein or attached thereto, the owner, manager or user shall bear tortious liability unless he can prove he was not at fault. The owner, manager or user may, after paying compensation, claim the same from other liable parties, if any.

者使用人赔偿后，有其他责任人的，有权向其他责任人追偿。

第八十六条 建筑物、构筑物或者其他设施倒塌造成他人损害的，由建设单位与施工单位承担连带责任。建设单位、施工单位赔偿后，有其他责任人的，有权向其他责任人追偿。

因其他责任人的原因，建筑物、构筑物或者其他设施倒塌造成他人损害的，由其他责任人承担侵权责任。

Article 86 Where any damage is caused by a collapsing building, structure or other facility, the owner and the construction company shall be jointly and severally liable. The owner and the construction company may, after paying compensation, claim the same from other liable parties, if any.

Where any damage is caused by a collapsing building, structure or other facility due to the fault of other liable parties, such parties shall bear tortious liability.

第八十七条 从建筑物中抛掷物品或者从建筑物上坠落的物品造成他人损害，难以确定具体侵权人的，除能够证明自己不是侵权人的外，由可能加害的建筑物使用人给予补偿。

Article 87 Where any damage is caused by an object thrown or falling from a building, if it is difficult to identify the infringing party, the user of the building who is the potential infringing party shall pay compensation unless he can prove that he was not the infringing party.

第八十 堆放物倒塌造成他人损害，堆放人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 88 Where any damage is caused by a collapsing pile of materials, the party responsible for the pile shall bear tortious liability unless he can prove that he was not at fault.

第八十九条 在公共道路上堆放、倾倒、遗撒妨碍通行的物品造成他人损害的，有关单位或者个人应当承担侵权责任。

Article Where any damage is caused by obstacles piled, dumped or scattered on a public road, the relevant unit or individual shall bear tortious liability.

第九十条 因林木折断造成他人损害，林木的所有人或者管理人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 90 Where any damage is caused by a damaged tree, the owner or manager of the tree shall bear tortious liability unless he can prove that he was not at fault.

第九十一条 在公共场所或者道路上挖坑、修缮安装地下设施等，没有设置明显标志和采取安全措施造成他人损害的，施工人应当承担侵权责任。

窨井等地下设施造成他人损害，管理人不能证明尽到管理职责的，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 91 Where any damage is caused by a road digging or underground repair operation without clear signs and safety measures, the construction operator shall bear tortious liability.

Where any damage is caused by a manhole or other underground facilities, the manager shall bear tortious liability unless he can prove that he has exercised due care.

第十二章 附则

Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

第九十二条 本法自2010年7月1日起施行。

Article 92 This Law shall come into effect on July 1, 2010.