Module 1 Family and friends
Unit 2 I have a good friend
I. Words and phrases
friend (n.) 朋友;friendly (adj.) 友好的 the friend of the earth 地球的朋友 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 helpful (adj.) 乐于助人的; helpless (adj.) 无助的 help (v./n.) 帮助 help each other 相互帮助 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 pollute the air 污染空气 air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 land pollution 陆地污染 pick up拾起,捡起 put sth. into sp.把某物放在某地 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 keep one's promise遵守某人的诺言 find (v.)找到(不经意找到) find out找到(经过努力找到) look for寻找(不知道结果) walk to school = go to school on foot be together一起 love (n.)爱;lovely (adj.)可爱的 angry (adj.) 生气的;anger (n.) 生气 angrily (adv.) 生气地 get angry 生气 look after sb. = take care of sb.照顾某人 look after sb. well = take good care of sb. 好好照顾某人 look after the environment 照顾环境 work hard = study hard 努力学习 be late for school 上学迟到 a visit to sp. 一次去某地的参观 visit sp. for the first time 第一次参观某地 discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事 What about/How about sth./doing...? 在具体的某一天用介词on on Saturday在周六 on a winter night在冬天的一个晚上 on May 9在五月九日 be kind to sb.对某人和善 tell a lie = tell lies撒谎 have/has been to sp. 曾去过某地 share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物 not ... at all 一点也不 → never share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 go out 外出 1. friend (n.) 朋友 e. g. He is my good friend. 他是我的好朋友。 拓展:friendly (adj.) 友好的 be friendly to 对……友好 2. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
e. g. She is a nice girl. I want to make friends with her.
她是一个不错的姑娘,我想和她成为朋友。
3. love (n.& v.) 爱 e.g. My parents love me. (v.) 我父母爱我。
My parents’ love is great. (n.) 我父母的爱是伟大的。
拓展:lovely (adj.) 可爱的 e. g. She is a lovely girl. 她是一个可爱的女孩。 4. helpful (adj.) 反义词:helpless (adj.) 无助的 拓展:help (v./n.) 帮助 help each other相互帮助
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 5. look after sb. = take care of sb. 照顾某人
look after sb. well = take good care of sb. 好好照顾某人 6. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
e. g. They tell people not to leave rubbish.他们告诉人们要乱扔垃圾。 7. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
help sb. do sth.= help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
e. g. She helps me with my English.她在我的英语方面帮助我。
Friends of the Earth help keep the environment clean.
地球的朋友帮助保持环境干净。
8. promise to do sth. 承诺做某事
promise not to do sth. 承诺不做某事
e. g. I promise to reuse shopping bags. 我承诺再利用购物袋。
I promise not to leave rubbish. 我承诺不乱扔垃圾。 9. find (v.)
※注意区分:find out找到(经过努力找到);look for寻找(不知道结果) 10. something pron. 某事,某物 e. g. -Are you looking for me?
-Yes, I have something to ask you. 是的,我想问你点儿事。 ☆在英语中,如果需要用形容词修饰something、somebody和someone这些词时, 形容词只能放在这些词后面,如:something interesting或somebody boring。 11. around (prep.) 围绕,绕着
拓展:round (prep./adj) 围绕;绕着/圆的
e. g. They are sitting around the teacher. 他们坐在老师周围。
The green ball is almost round.这个绿球几乎是圆的。 12. be far away from ... 远离…… 反义:be near ... 在……附近 13. visit (v.) 参观 ---- visitor (n.) 参观者
14. forget v. (过去式forgot;过去分词forgotten;现在分词forgetting) 忘记 e. g. -I'm sorry I've forgotten your name. 很抱歉,我忘了你的名字。
-I'm John. We met on the first day of school. 我叫约翰,我们开学第一天见过。 ★forget to do sth.与forget doing sth. 前者表示“忘记去做某事”,而后者表示“忘记做过某事”的意思。 e. g. She forgot to post the letter.她忘记寄这封信了。
I'll never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time.
我永远忘不了和我校长初次见面的情景。
15. fish (n.) 鱼肉[不可数] ;鱼(各种种类)[可数],其复数为fishes e. g. Help yourself to some fish.
Workers drive fish to the supermarket every morning.
工人每天早上把鱼送到超市。
There are different fishes in the sea. 在海里有不同种类的鱼。 16. start/finish work开始/结束工作
e. g. I start work at half past seven in the morning and finish work at eight o’clock in the evening. 我早上七点半开始工作,晚上八点结束工作。
start to do sth.=start doing sth. 开始做某事 finish doing sth. 结束做某事 17. too much + n.[u]太多的…… e. g. too much time 太多时间
much too + adj. 太…… e. g. much too cold 太冷了 18. arrive (vi.) 到达
拓展:arrive at (小地方) = get to = reach arrive at school 到达学校
arrive in (大地方) = get to = reach arrive in Shanghai 到达上海 ☆arrive home/ get home到家,arrival (n.)到达 19. listen to听,强调听的动作;hear e. g. I listened to the teacher carefully, but I couldn’t hear anything. 20. She can’t read or write. 她既不会读也不会写。
or用在否定句中表并列关系;and用在肯定句中表平行关系。 e. g. She can read and write. 她既会读又会写。 21. in the USA在美国 ※USA要大写 22. keep healthy 保持健康
keep后接形容词,保持一种什么样的状态。
23. what about =how about 用于提出建议,表示“……怎么样”,后接名词。 e. g. What about a trip to Ocean Park? 一次去海洋公园的旅行怎么样?
II. Language structure
1. 询问信息
A:What do you like to do with your friend? 你和朋友喜欢做什么?
B:We like to ... together. 我们喜欢一起做…… What do you like about him/her? 你认为他/她怎样?
How can we look after the environment? 我们怎样来照顾环境? 2. 描述
We like to be together. 我们喜欢在一起。
She is always hardworking and she always keeps her promise.
她总是努力工作并遵守她的诺言。
3. 表示承诺
We promise to do...... 我们承诺做……
4. 一般现在时态第三人称单数作主语的陈述句:
e. g. Jim is a hardworking student. 吉姆是一位努力学习的学生。
She is never angry. 她从不生气。 He never tells a lie. 他从不说谎。 5. already, just和yet的用法: 时间副词:already(已经),just(刚刚),yet(还)
★already和just用于肯定句,置于句中、句尾皆可;yet用于否定句和疑问句中,通常放在句尾。
★常用在现在完成时态中,现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,
其基本形式:have/has + 过去分词。 例如:
Have you been to the Ocean park yet, Winnie? 温妮,你曾经去过海洋公园吗? No, I haven't been there yet. 不,我还没去过那里。 Yes, I've already been there. 是的,我已经去过那里。
Yes, I've just been to the Ocean Park. 是的,我刚刚去过海洋公园。 have been to......和have been there的区别
have been to后跟表示地点的名词,而have been there中there是表示地点的副词,后面不能再跟地点。
例如,I have already been to Shanghai Museum. 我已经去过上海博物馆。
Orient Pearl TV Tower is one of the tallest towers in the world. I have already been there. 东方明珠电视塔是世界上最高的塔之一。我已经去过那里。 6. 频度副词
always/ sometimes/ usually/ never在句中的位置是:放在行为动词的前面,放在be动词的后面。也可以说“行前系后”。 e. g. She is always kind. 她总是很善良的。
She always helps other people.她总是帮助其他人。
★一句话中不能同时出现两个动词,且要注意主谓保持一致。尤其注意第三人称单数不可以忽略。
7. I would缩写为I'd;would not缩写为wouldn't e. g. I would like to have coffee. 我想要喝咖啡。
I would like fish. 我想要鱼。
---- Would you like to be a driver? 你想成为一名司机吗?
----Yes, I would./ No, I wouldn't. 是的,我想。/不,我不想。 ★like用作动词时翻译为“喜欢”
用法:like to do sth. = like doing sth.;like sth.
例如:He likes to draw. / He likes drawing. 他喜欢画画。 8. 表示顺序的数词称为序数词
在哪一栋楼和房间的门牌号用基数词,在哪一层楼用序数词 例如:room1002, on the second floor
☆一般在基数词后面加-th构成序数词,但有些词有特殊变化
例如:one → first, two → second, three →third, five → fifth, eight → eighth, nine → ninth, twelve →twelfth
☆20至90这样的整十数字变为序数词时,只需把词尾的字母y改为ie, 再加th 例如:twenty → twentieth
☆在表达第几十几、第几百几时,只需将个位改为序数词即可 例如:twenty-two → twenty-second
★序数词总是和定冠词the连用。例如:the first lesson ★基数词变序数词规律:
基变序,有规律,结尾加上th; 一二三,特殊记,结尾字母t, d, d; 八去t,九去e,ve要用f替; y结尾变ie,然后再加th;
若要遇到几十几,前用基来后用序。