外研版七年级英语下册各模块语法知识汇总+专项练习

M1 形容词性和名词性物主代词专项练习

语法：

1．物主代词分为两种：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 （1）形容词性物主代词，它不能单独使用，后面必须跟名词。

如：We are doing our homework.（我们正在做家庭作业。） （2）名词性物主代词，它具有名词的性质，可以单独使用。

如：My shirt is black, but yours is white. (我的衬衫是黑色的，但你的是白色的。)

（3）名词性物主代词具有“形容词性物主代词+名词”的作用。

如：Whose comb is it? It’s hers.（hers=her+comb）

对照表 物主代词 形容词性 名词性 我的 my mine 你的 your yours 他的 his his 她的 her hers 它的 its its 我们的 你们的 他们的 our ours your yours their theirs 注意：名词性物主代词可指一件东西，也可指很多件东西，看上下文决定。如：

选择填空：

1. This is my teapot. It’s not __________. (your/ yours)

2. My hairdryer is on the desk. Where’s ____________?(her/ hers)

3. ___________ hairdryer is not on the table. ___________ is there. (Her/ Mine) 4. Whose calculator is it? It’s __________. It’s __________ calculator. (my/ mine) 5. Are they ___________ (your/ yours) combs? Yes, they’re _________(our/ ours).

用所给词的适当形式填空：

1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )

3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )

4. _____ is my brother. ______ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _______. ( he ) 5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you ) 8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)

9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi.These cakes are _________. ( it ) 10. Shall _______ have a look at that classroom? That is ________classroom. ( we ) 11. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job?_________is a nurse. ( she ) 12. Where are ________? I can’t find ________.Let’s call ________ parents. ( they ) 13. _________ don’t know her name.Would you please tell _________. ( we ) 14. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they )

Where’s your book? Mine is on the desk. (指我的一本书) Where are your books? Mine are on the desk. (指我的很多书)

M2 情态动词can

1. 结构：can + 动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。

例如：I can swim. Daming can ride a bike. He cant drive a car.

2.否定形式：cannot/can t, cannot比缩略形式can t要正式。口语中一般用缩略形式。 3.用法

A.表示能力（体力、知识、技能等），此时可用be able to代替。 例如：Mary can speak three languages. 玛丽会说三种语言。 = Mary is able to speak three languages.

注意：（1）can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 例如：Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 今天下午我将会来。 （2）当表示经过努力才得以做成功某事时应用be able to，不能用can。

例如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

尽管很大雨，他昨天能来参加聚会。

B.表示请求和允许。 例如：---Can I go now? --- Yes, you can. / No, you cannot/cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might（不可用于肯定句、否定句或答

语）代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉。例如：--- Could I come to see you tomorrow?--- Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )

3、表示可能性猜测。例如：The man over there cant be my uncle. My uncle has

gone to Beijing.

那个人不可能是我的叔叔。我的叔叔去北京了。

练习题

( )1.---Can I go fishing with you,Dad?

---No,you _____.You ______stay at home and do your homework first. A.won’t;may B.can’t must C.shouldn’t;ought D.needn’t; should

( )2.---Do you know whose dictionary it is? ---It ______ Li Mei’s. His name is on it. A.can’t B.must’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t

( )3.---I can’t stop smoking ,doctor. ---For your health,I’m afraid you ______. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t

( )4.---Is Mr.Brown driving here? ---I’m not sure. He ______come by train. A.may B.shall C.need D.must

M3-M4 一般将来时

定义

表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 常用的时间状语：tomorrow morning /afternoon/evening(明天早、中、晚),

the day after tomorrow(后天)，next year(明年) ，next month(下一个月) ，next week(下一个星期) ， soon(不久) ，later on过些时间， this afternoon（今天下午) , in+段时间 （ in 2020 在2020年 ）............

构成及变化

一般将来时常用的两种结构：

be going to+do : 表示打算、计划做某事或有意做某事。 shall／will+do ：描述未来的事情或表达对将来的预测等。 be going to will/ shall do 肯定句 主语+ be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它 否定句 主语+be（am / is / are）not going to +动词原形 +其它 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它？ 一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ? 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句？ 三、will与be going to 的区别

1. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 E.g: I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.

He will be twenty years old.

2. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思。 E.g: She is going to lend us her book.

He will be here in half an hour.

3. be going to 表示有迹象要发生的事，will没有。

E.g: Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

四、要点注意

1. 使用现在进行时表示将来的动词：go，come，arrive，leave，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，start, die... E.g: I’m going to go to the zoo this weekend.= I’m going to the zoo this weekend. He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris.

2. 使用一般现在时表将来的动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return...表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

E.g: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 ---When does the bus start? ---It starts in ten minutes.

3. There be 句型的一般将来时：There will be / There is/ are going to be E.g: There will be a football match tomorrow.

There is going to be a football match tomorrow. 练习

( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.

A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.

A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.

A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.

A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. don’t rain ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________.

A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’. D. No, please. ( ) 8. Look! Here ______ the train!

A. come B. will come C. comes D. is going to come ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?

A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____ 11.

A. is B. is going to be C. will be D. will to be

M5特殊疑问句的结构及用法

1.特殊疑问句由疑问词引导，不同的疑问词用来询问不同的对象。

2.特殊疑问句的句型是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的句式，也就是“疑问词﹢系动词/助动词/情态动词﹢主语﹢其他成分。”

3.特殊疑问句不能用Yes 或No 来回答，而要对所询问的对象有针对地回答。 特殊疑问词：

意思 用法

who 谁 问人的身份，姓名等 He is LiLie Who is he ? He is my brother. Who is he ? whose 谁的 问所属关系 This is her book. Whose book is this ? when 什么时候 问时间

We play games in the afternoon. When do you play games? where 什么地方 问地点

We play games at home on Sunday ? Where do you play games on Sunday? why 为什么 问原因

He isn't at school today because he is ill. Why isn't he at school today ? which 哪一个 问一定范围内特指的人或物

The big box is mine. There are two boxes.Which box is yours? Which apple do you like? I like the smaller one. what 什么 问人的职业或事物是什么 He is a worker. What is he?

He has a book. What does he have ? what color 什么颜色 问颜色

My skirt is red. What color is your skirt? what time 几点 问时间 =when

We play games at five in the afternoon ? What time do you play games? what day 星期几 问星期几 What day is it today？ It is Monday.

how 怎样 问健康状况、做事的方式、程度等 He is fine/strong. How is he ?（问健康状况）

I go home by bike. How do you go home?（问做事的方式） The river is 100 meters. How deep is the river? (问程度) how old 几岁 问年龄 He is ten. How old is he ?

how many 多少 跟可数名词复数，问数量

There are thirty boys in my class. How many boys are there in your class? how much 多少/多少钱 跟不可数名词，问数量或价钱

There is some milk in the bottle. How much milk is there in the bottle?（问数量） How much is the dress? It’s 50 yuan.（问价钱） how far 多远 问路程

It's five kilometers away from here? How far is it from here? 注意：特殊疑问句的回答不能用Yes/No，要有是在的回答。

疑问词填空：

1.________ ________ is it? It is eight o’clock. 2.________ ________ will you come back? In two weeks. 3.________ is the man in red? He is my brother. 4.________ pen is it? It is mine. 5.________ didn’t you come to school yesterday? Because I had a cold. 6.________ ________ do you play chess? Three times a week. 7.________ ________ is your coat? It is green.

8.________ ________ is the tree? It’s about 3.1meters tall. 9.________ ________ are you? I’m twenty years old. 10.________ ________ is your dress? It is 90 Yuan. 11.________ ________ is that river? It is 6metres long.

12.________ ________ are you in? I’m in Class 6. 13.________ is the date today? It is May 6th. 14. ________ do you live? I live in America. 15. ________ are you? I’m fine, thank you. 16. ________ grade are you in? I’m in Grade 7. 17. ________ is your birthday? It’s on September 26th.

M6 介词表达

1、问路相关句型

Could you tell me how to get to...? Can you tell me the way to ...? Can you show me the way to ...? Is there a ... near here? How can I get /go to...?/get there? How do I get to...?/get there? Where is the ...?

2、in front of 在（外面的）前面 in the front of 在（里面的）前面 3、go across=cross 穿过（横穿）

4、go along=go down=walk along=walk up=follow 沿着 5、turn left / right 向左转 6、on the right/left 在右边/左边 7、opposite...在...的对面

8、between A and B 在A和B之间，between用在两者之间 9、on the corner （of）... 在...的拐角处

between...and... 在两者之间

Lingling sits between Tony and Daming.玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间。

among 在三者或三者以上之间

Miss Li is among lots of students.在许多同学之间。 单选题

( ) 1 Tom sits____the classroom while John sits____the room. A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back of C. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of ( ) 2 Lucy sits____ the third row, ____Jim‘s left. A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; on

( ) 3 Jiangsu is___ the east of China, but Japan is ___ the east of China. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on

( ) 4Don‘t read ____ the sun. It‘s bad ___ your eyes. A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to D. in; for

( ) 5The woman____ a blue dress is my teacher. A. in B. on C. of D. at ( ) 6 ___ research ___ the universe scientists have put a lot of information ___ computers. A. With; over; at B. On; at; to C. In; about; into D. For; with; through

( ) 7When a piece of ice is taken ____ a warm room, it gets smaller and smaller until ___ the end it disappears completely. A. in; in B. out of; at C. into; in D. to; by ( ) 8 A woman fell ___ the boat ___ the water. A. off; into B. at; below C. down; under D. away; in ( ) 9. They will have a maths test ＿＿＿ two days A for B at C in D after

M7-M10一般过去时

1. 含义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

2. 标志性时间状语：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（两个月前）, the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语连用。 3．谓语动词结构：V-ed 动词过去式变化规则：

①一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked ②结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

③末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped

④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied ⑤不规则动词过去式：

lose(丢失) ----lost；make(制造) ----made； mean(意思) ----meant；meet(见) ----met pay(付) ----paid；say(说) ----said sell(卖) ----sold；send(送)----sent sit(坐) ----sat；sleep(睡) ----slept smell(嗅) ----smelt；spell(拼写) ----spelt spend(度过) ----spent；stand(站) ----stood teach(教) ----taught；tell(告诉) ----told win(赢) ----won；think(想) ----thought understand(理解) ----understood；begin(开始) ----began blow(吹) ----blew；break(打破) ----broke choose(选择) ----chose；do(做) ----did draw(画) ----drew；drink(喝) ----drank drive(驾驶) ----drove；eat(吃) ----ate fall(落下) ----fell；fly(飞) ----flew forget(忘) ----forgot； give(给) ----gave go(去) ----went；grow(成长) ----grew know(知道) ----knew；lie(躺) ----lay----lain ring(按铃) ----rang；write(写) ----wrote ride(骑) ----rode；see(看见)----saw show(出示) ----showed；wake(弄醒) ----woke sing(唱) ----sang；speak(讲话) ----spoke

steal(偷) ----stole；wear(穿) ----wore swim(游泳) ----swam；take(拿) ----took throw(扔) ----threw；become(成为) ----became come(来) ----came；run(跑) ----ran 4. 句式变化规则：

（1）Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn't） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren't）

带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 （2）句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didn't +动词原形，

如：Jim went home yesterday.→Jim didn't go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如：Jim went home yesterday.→Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？

如：Jim went home yesterday.→Did Jim go home yesterday?→ What did Jim do yesterday? 练习：

I:将下列动词变为过去式（规则动词和不规则动词）

1. look 2.live 3.stop 4.carry 5.hope

6.trip 7.call 8.finish 9.want 10.are 11.go 12.have 13.do 14.get 15.keep 16.say 17.see 18.put 19.eat 20.take

21.read 22.catch 23.listen 24.arrive 25.plan II：句型转换

1、他曾是一名学生。肯定句 He a student.

否定句 He a student. 一般疑问句 he a student? 肯定回答 ， .否定回答 ， .

1、 他们昨晚开了一个会。

肯定句They had a meeting last night. 否定句They a meeting last night. 一般疑问句 they a meeting last night? 肯定回答 ， .否定回答 ， . 提问： they last night? 过去时专项练习

I:用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.

2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. 3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning. 4. There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago. 5. I ___________ (call) Mike this morning. 6. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.

7. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 8. Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm.

9. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.

10. She watches TV every evening. But she _________ (not watch) TV last night. 11．________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year? 12. What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday? 13. What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?

14. Last year the teacher _________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun. 15. There ____________( be not) any hospitals in my hometown (家乡) in 1940.

16. ---When _______ you _________ (come) to china? ---Last year. 17. she ________ (have) supper at home? 18. Jack ____________ (not clean) the room just now. 19. _________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?

20. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?

21. It ________ (be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside.

22. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no time to watch it. II:按要求变换句型。

1. Father bought me a new bike. （否定句）

2. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）

M11祈使句

指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句 （1）动词原形+其他

Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 （2）Be + n./adj.

Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！ （3）Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分

Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句 (1) Don't + 动词原形

Don't stand up. 别站起来。 Don't be careless. 别粗心。 Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 （2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。 Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 （3）no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。

No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!

3. 祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。 例如：Do shut up! 快住口！ 4. 祈使句的回答，祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，回答祈使句时，一般用 will或won’t。 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：

1) 形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)

2) 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。 如：--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 ---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。

M12感叹句和选择疑问句

1. 由\"what\"引导的感叹句： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语！ What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ 2. 由\"how\"引导的感叹句： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语！ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ 选择疑问句

选择疑问句是指提供两种或多种情况供对方选择的疑问句，选项之间要用连词or连接。 注意：or连接的是两种同类的事物，且回答不能用yes或no。 ——Are you a doctor or a teacher？ 你是医生还是教师？ ——I’m a teacher. 我是一名老师。

Which would you like， tea or coffee？ 你想要哪样，是茶还是咖啡？ ——I’d like some tea. 我想要茶。 单项选择

1. ________ to smile at your life when you are in trouble, and you will soon be happy again. A. Try B. To try C. Trying D. Tried

2. —I hear you studied in New York last week. Was it sunny or rainy there?—________. A. It was rainy B. It is sunny C. No, it isn't D. I am afraid not

3. ________ for me at the bus station across from the post office. I can find you easily. A. Wait B. To wait C. Waiting D. Waits

4. ________ wonderful advice it was! When I heard it, I jumped up. A. What a B. What C. How a D. How

5. —What can you see in the garden?—Flowers. ________beautiful they are! A. What B. How C. How a D. What a 6. ________ away from the lake, boys. It is deep. A. Stays B. Stay C. Staying D. To stay 7. I'd like to have some more soup. ________ delicious it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 8. ________play with fire. ________with fire is dangerous.

A. Don't; Playing B. Not; Playing C. Don't; Play D. Not to; To play

9. — I'm leaving for Xisai Mountain this afternoon. —________ you have packed everything. A. To be sure B. Been sure C. Being sure D. Be sure 10. Look! Laura is getting the first place. ________fast runner she is！

A. How B. What C. How a 二、从How或What中选词填空

11. ________ a good day it is! 12. ________ delicious food it is!

13. ________ great advice! Thank you very much. 14. ________ fast the boy is running! 15. ________ nice flowers they are! But remember not to pick them. 16. ________ exciting news it is! We are all excited. 17. ________ time flies! Don't waste any time.

18. ________ a brave man he is! He jumped into the river and saved the girl. 19. —________ pale you look! Are you feeling all right?

—I'm not feeling well. I've got a toothache. 20. ________ great fun I have! 三、句型转换

21. You can't play the guitar in the classroom. (改为祈使句)

________ ________ the guitar in the classroom. 22. My favourite colour is green. (用yellow改为选择疑问句)

________ your favourite colour green ________ yellow? 23. The little boy runs fast. (改为感叹句)

________ ________ the little boy runs!

24. They decided to go to Thailand. (用Singapore改为选择疑问句)

________ they ________to go to Thailand ________ Singapore? 25. He is such a kind person. (改为感叹句)

________ ________ ________ person he is!

D. What a