语法第一轮非谓语动词--动名词

一、动名词定义

动名词是由动词转化而来，在句中起名词的作用，但有保持动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成动名词短语。动名词既具有动词的特征，又具有名词的句法功能。其形式是：doing；否定式是：not doing。 二. 动名词的形式：

（1）一般式： Seeing is believing.

（2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited. （3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film.

（4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 语态 时态 一般式 完成式 doing having done being done having been done 主 动 被 动 （5）否定式： 动名词否定式直接在动名词前加not。（not + 动名词） I regret not following his advice.

Don’t be angry with me for not having write to you. (我没给你写信请别生我的气。) She was angry about not having been invited. (她没被邀请很生气。) 三、动名词的句法功能

动名词在句子中起名词的作用，可单独或引起短语作主语、表语、宾语、介词的宾语或定语。

1.作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. Collecting stamps is interesting. 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

如：It's no use/no good/not any good/not any use/useless/a waste of time/fun quarrelling.

It’s no use reading the book.

注意：There is no十 动名词短语 = It is impossible to do„

There is no saying what may happen.不可能说将会发生什么事。 There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。 2.作表语

My favorite sport is swimming.我最喜爱的运动是游泳。 Her job is teaching English.她的工作是教英语。 3.作宾语

I enjoy listening to music．我喜欢听音乐。

Have yon finished reading the book？你看完了这本书没有？ Would you mind opening the window? 打开窗户好吗？ 常见的只能用动词动名词作宾语的动词

suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）

finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）

give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）

insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践） pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对） keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意） be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）

注意下列词组的区别

remember to do sth. 记住要做 remember doing sth.记得过去做过 forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事 forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事

regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾

regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔

mean to do sth.打算，想要 mean doing 意味着，意思是 try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事

can’t help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住 can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事

be considered to have done被认为已经做了 consider…to be认为是 consider doing考虑做某事

stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语） stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）

go on to do接着做另一件事 go on doing继续做同一件事

如果动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

think

consider no use S + find + it + no good + V-ing

feel like useless I found it useless (no use) arguing about it.我发现争论这事没有用。

Do you consider it any good trying again？你觉得再试会有好处吗？ 4.作介词的宾语

He insisted on watching the football game.他坚持要看足球比赛。 Thank you for helping me．谢谢你帮助了我。

We must prevent them from making trouble．我们必须防止他们惹麻烦。 The children are fond of listening to stories.孩子们喜欢听故事。 在下面这类句子中，介词in常可省 （1）S＋have + trouble/difficulty/a problem /a struggle/a good time/ a hard time +(in) +V-ing

（2）S+ spend time／money（＋in）＋V-ing （3）s＋be busy（＋in）＋V-ing

（4）lose no time（＋in）＋V-ing（立即做„„）

They are busy（in）preparing for the examination.他们忙于准备考试。

Do you have any difficulty（in）understanding spoken English? 你听懂英语口语有困难吗？

I spent two hours（in） writing my composition.我花了两小时写作文。

He lost no time（in） telling me the good news.他立即把这个关消息告诉了我。 5.作定语

There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。 His father works in a printing shop. 他父亲在一家印刷厂工作。

Our teacher uses a very good teaching method．我们老师的教学方法很好。

四、动名词的复合结构 物主代词或名词所有格加动名词构成动名词的复合结构。

在这个结构中，物主代词或名词所有格是逻辑上的主语。动名词的复合结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语等。如：

Do you mind my smoking？我可以抽烟吗？

Your going there will help a lot．你到那里对事情将大有帮助。 I remember Wei Fang’s going there．我记得魏芳去那里了。

如果不是在句子开头，这个结构常可以用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格），这比用所有格更自然些。如：

I don’t mind Xiao Li(him) going．小李（他）去我没意见。

Lao Li’s（不用“Li”） going won’t be of much help．老李去不会有多大帮助。 如果动名词的逻辑土语是无生命的东西，就多用普通格，不用所有格。如：

The doctors are afraid of a relapse occurring in a few minutes．医生们担心旧病复发。

五.动名词和动词不定式的区别

1.动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语

一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如：

Their job is building houses．他们的工作是盖房子。

Our task now is to increase food production．我们现在的任务是增产粮食。 Smoking is prohibited.此地禁止吸烟。

It’s not good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟不好。

2.在 like，hate，prefer等动词后如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语，如指特定或具体某次行动，用不定式时更多一些。如；

I like reading books of this kind．我喜欢看这类书。 I’d like to read that book．我想看那本书。

They prefer walking to cycling. 他们宁愿走路，不愿骑车。 He prefers to stay at home today.今天他宁愿呆在家里。 She hates smoking.她不喜欢吸烟。

She hates to trouble you.她不愿意麻烦你。

3.在begin，start后面 如果表示有意识地开始（停止）做某事，多用动名词，否则用不定式更多一些。如：

We started working at eight.我们是八点开始工作的。 Suddenly it started to rain.突然下起雨来。

They began building the dam in 1969.他们于1969年开始建造那个堤坝。 I began to realize I had been wrong.我开始明白我错了。

The factory has ceased making bicycles. 这个工厂已经停止制造自行车。

This has ceased to interest us.这已经不再使我们感兴趣了。

注1：在某些情况下动词的性质可以决定用不定式还是动名词。一般来说，不能用于进行时态的动词多不用动名词的形式。如realize，see，lose等这类动词一般不宜用于进行时态。Only recently he began to realize that he was wrong．只是到了最近他才开始认识到他错了。

I hate to lose this chance．我不愿意失去这个机会。

注2：当谓语动词已用于进行体时，通常用不定式。如： It is beginning to rain．开始下雨了。

We are proposing to start at eight．我们建议 8：00出发。

注3：当begin后所接的宾语是表示心理活动的动词时，通常用不定式。如： I began to understand．我开始懂得你的意思了。

4.有些动词后既可以用动名词作宾语也可以用不定式作宾语

常见的有：love，like，hate，prefer，dislike，begin，start，intend，continue，want，need，stop，remember，forget，try，regret，deserve，attempt，propose等。如：

How long will you continue working (to work)？你的工作还要继续多久？

When did you begin learning (to learn) typewriting? 你什么时候开始学打字的？ 5.在want, need, require, deserve 等动词后

可以用不定式的被动形式，也可以用动名词的主动形式来表示被动含义。

6.在allow, advise, like, permit, recommend, consider, forbid 等动词后可以用动名词做宾语，用动词不定式做宾语补足语。如：

We don’t allow smoking here.我们不许在这里抽烟。 We don’t allow students to smoke.我们不许学生抽烟。

7.在“It is no use/no good/not any use/good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable／tiring／nice／a waste of time／a good pleasure”等结构后需要用动名词作主语 It’s no use trying again．再试也没有用。

六 动名词和现在分词在句法上的区别

1.作定语时的比较

现在分词作定语表示它所修饰的名词（人或事物）的动作，被修饰名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主谓关系；动名词作定语时往往表示被修饰的名词的作用、目的等。试比较：

sleeping child = the child who is sleeping 酣睡的孩子（sleeping是现在分词） reading room = the room is used for reading 阅览室（reading是动名词）

这时两种结构的读音不同：分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的名词均需重读；动名词作定语时，重音就落在动名词上，后面的名词不重读或只读次重音。

2.作表语时的比较

动名词作表语是用来说明主语本身的，主语和表语的位置可以互换，不影响意义的表达，但这种结构不能受very，quite等副词修饰。分词作表语着重说明主语的性质和特征，主语和表语的位置是固定的，不能互换，但可受very，quite等副词的修饰。如：

My job is raising pigs．（= Raising pigs is my job．）我的工作是养猪。

One of the good exercises is swimming. ( = Swimming is one of the good exercises．）游泳是一种很好的运动。

The story sounds（quite） moving．那故事听起来很感人。

The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring．国内外的形势令人鼓舞。

Unit 9非谓语动词---动名词练习

一.单项选择题

1. People call that___ two birds with one stones.

A. kill B. killed C. killing D. had killed

2. Every morning he spends two hours ____ papers and magazines. A. for reading B. on reading C. reading D. to read 3. We never listen to Beethoven without ____.

A. being deeply impressed B. impressed deeply

C. having deeply impressed D. to be deeply impressed 4. ____ no persuading him to buy the car.

A. There was B. It was C. Here was D. That was 5. Don’t forget ____to me . Let’s keep in touch.

A. to write B. writing C. having written D. to have written 6. Unless you both stop ____, I will call in the police.

A. fighting B. to fight C. having fought D. being fought 7. On ____our village , we asked him for chocolate.

A. him to reach B. his to reach C. for him to reach D. his reaching 8. An old friend of mine came near ____by the train.

A. to kill B. killing C. being killed D. to be killed 9.she makes a pound of ____ t him once a week.

A. writing B. having written C. being written D. having been written 10.J.F Kennedy liked ____many questions at the press conference. A. being asked B. asking C. of asking D. ask

11. it goes without ____that Isaac Stern is among the greatest violinists. A. saying B. being said C. to say D. to be said 12.She is very busy ____for a journey.

A. to prepare B. preparing C. to be preparing D. being prepared 13. He went ____in the river nearby.

A. to fish B. fishing C. to fishing D. for fish 14.____one’s work properly may be worse than not doing it at all. A. Not do B. Do C. Not doing D. Doing 15.She didn’t seem to mind ____TV while she was trying too study.

A. their watching B. them to watch C. their watch D. for them to watch 16. The bus was so crowed that he had a hard time____.

A. got off B. getting off C. too get off D. get off 17. We had trouble ____the path through the forest.

A. to find B. for finding C. finding D. with finding 18.Do you have any difficulty_____ new mathematics?

A. to understand B. to be understanding C. and understand D. in understanding 19. His hair badly needs____.A. to cut B. be cut C. being cut D. cutting 20. Can you imagine the best boy in the class _____in the examination? A. cheating B. to cheat C. cheat D. cheated 21.Please make an effort____.

A. of arriving early B. in arriving early C. to arrive early D. early too arrive

22. His failure ____the college made him quite disappointed.

A. to enter B. in entering C. t arrive early D. entering 23.She didn’t remember____ him before.

A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having met 24. Don’t forget _____this book to John when you finish reading it. A. returning B. of returning C. having returned D. to return 25. He regrets____ his father yesterday.

A. having not seen B. not having seen C. not to see D. seeing not

26.--- You were lost on your way to the lake, weren’t you? --- Yes, we were and had to stop ____the way. A. asking B. for asking C. to ask D. having asked 27. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

28.---- There is something wrong with the machine.--- What did he want ____to this machine? A. doing B. to do C. to be done D. being 29. I know you had many ideas, but you need not trouble ____them.

A. remember B. remembering C. remembered D. to remember 30.having learned _____skillfully, she went on learning ____.

A. to skate; swimming B. skating; swimming C. to skate; too swim D. skating; to swim 31. --- Good morning, Bill.--- Did you have any trouble ____through the snow? A. driving B. to drive C. drive D. drove 32.--- why were you so late ? --- I had a hard time ___up this morning. A. to get B. get C. got D. getting 33．It is good ____him to see you off.

A. to expect B. expecting C. of expecting D. for him to expect

34.--- I’m disappointed with the officers elected in our club.--- I am too, but there’s no point _____about it. A. to worry B. in worrying C. with us worrying D. if we worry 35. There is no need ____. He won’t show up.

A. to wait B. wait C. waited D. waiting 36. No one can help ____ Tom, he is such a lovely boy.

A. to like B. to liking C. liking D. like 37.--- Do you mind ______?--- Go ahead. I don’t mind. A. opening the window B. I open the window

C. if I open the window D. whether I open the window 38.We insisted _____by the manager.

A. to be seen B. being seen C. on being seen D. on seeing 39. Something when I look into the sky, I feel like _____a trip somewhere. A. to make B. making C. to go for D. make 40.You have no business______ to me the way you did yesterday.

A. to talk B. talking C. talked D. of talking 41. Mrs. Harley has a habit of asking questions_____ .

A. but then not listen to the answers B. and then not listen to the answers C. and then not listening to the answers D. and then doesn’t listen to the answer 42.--- How did the prisoner escape? --- By climbing a fence and____ someone’s car. . A. steal B. from stealing C. to steal D. stealing 43.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_____.

A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch

44. They wouldn’t allow him ____across the enemy line.

A. risk going B. risking to go C. going to risk D. to risk going

45.--- It’s difficult to make money as a artist.--- Have you considered_____ a course in business for artist? A. to take B. about taking C. your talking D. taking 46.We can’t understand ____ at the poor little match- girl.

A. they laugh B. their laughing C. them to laugh D. them way laugh 47.Miss Joan’s bad habit is ____without thorough understanding.

A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading

48.--- Don’t you think a trip to the ocean would be nice? --- I dislike ____in salt water. A. swimming B. for me to swim C. to swim D. swim 49We hoped being there would make the work easier.

A. he B. him C. his D. himself 50.There is _____what may happen.

A. not saying B. no saying C. not to say D. saying not

二.单项选择题

1. We can't understand ______ a decision until it is too late.

A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making 2. It's no use______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.

A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue 3. The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death.

A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have 4. It is no good ______ today's work for tomorrow.

A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave 5. Some people's greatest pleasure is ______.

A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing 6. You didn't hear us come back last night. That's good. We tried ______ noisy.

A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being 7. You'll regret ______ those words. You may hurt her feelings.

A. say B. to say C. saying D. to have said 8. You can keep the book until you ______.

A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish reading D. have finished to read 9. I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.

A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having 10. Your mother and I are looking forward________ you. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing 11. People couldn't help ______ the foolish girl. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing 12. Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it.

A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back 13. Have you forgotten ______ $1000 from me last month? Will you please remember

______ it tomorrow?

A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 14. We are looking forward to ______ another chance ______ it again.

A. be given, to try B. have, to try C. giving, trying D. having, to try

15. -- \"I usually go there by train.\" -- \" Why not ______ by boat for a change?\"

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 16. -- What do you think of the book?-- Oh. excellent, it's worth _______ a second time.

A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 17. It is useless _____ to come now. He is busy.

A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him 18. The classroom wants _________. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 19. Jack said that he wouldn't mind _________ for us.

A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited

20. Keep on ________ and you will succeed. A.a try B.try C.triing D.trying 21. -- What's made Ruth so upset?-- ____ three tickets to the folk music concert.

A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since she lost 22. Only one of these books is _____.

A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading 23. He had no difficulty _____ the problems.

A. working out B. having worked out C. to have worked out D. to work out 24. Your flat needs _____ . Would you like me it for you?

A. to clean, to do B. cleaning, doing C. cleaning, to do D. to be cleaned, doing 25. ________ clean is a safeguard against disease.

A. To be keeping B. Kept C. Keep D. Keeping

三．用非谓语动词翻译下列句子。（注明该非谓语动词在句子充当什么成分） 1. 出声朗读是很有帮助的。

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____ 2. 晚上晚睡是没有好处的。(It is no good…)

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____ 3. 你为什么坚持要离开美国呢？

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____ 4. 我正在考虑去阅览室。

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____ 5. 按时完成这项工程，我们一点困难也没有。

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____ 6. 在蚂蚁的世界里，蚁后的工作是产卵。

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____ 7. 爸爸不允许我吸烟。（用动名词复合形式）

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____ 8. 任何一个违反法律的人都逃不过惩罚。

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____ 9. 我无法想象玛丽嫁给了这样的男人。

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____ 10. 他无法否认昨天对老师撒谎了。

_________________________________________________________. 充当：_____

Unit 9非谓语动词---动名词答案

一.单项选择题

1----5 CCAAA 6----10 ADCAA 11----15 ABBCA 16---20 BCDDA 21---25 CCBDA 26----30 ADBDD 31---35 CCCBB 36---40 CDCDD 46----50BDACB

二.单项选择题

1--5DABBA 6--10BCAAD 11--15CCADD

16--20CDDCD 21--25 BDACD

三．用非谓语动词翻译下列句子。

1. Reading aloud is helpful. 主语

2. It is no good staying up late at night. 主语 3. Why did you insist on leaving America? 宾语 4. I am considering going to the reading room. 宾语

5. We have no difficulty (in) finishing the project in time. 宾语 6. In the world of ants, the queens’ job is laying eggs. 表语 7. Father doesn’t allow my smoking. 宾语

8. Anyone who breaks the law can’t escape being punished.宾语 9. I can’t imagine Mary’s (Mary) marrying to such a man. 宾语 10. He can’t deny having told a lie to his teacher yesterday. 宾语