动词及动词短语辨析

SectionA

1．agree with/ agree to/ agree on

agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”，但用法不同。

◎agree with表示“同意”，后面接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词。

We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。 Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗？

◎ agree to表示“同意”，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。

He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。

◎ agree on表示“（两人以上）就……取得一致意见，在……方面意见一致”，其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词，它可以与agree in doing sth替换。表示经过协商，讨论或谈判而就某事双方取得了一致意见用on. They agreed on the plan.

=They agreed in doing the plan. 他们对这个计划意见一致。 ◎ agree about sth 涉及讨论的题目 They never agree about politics. 特别提示

agree with也可以表示“某人适应（食物、气候等）”。 The weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。 (2)disagree是agree的反义词，相当于not agree。 2．be able to / can

be able to与can 都有“会”“能够”的意思。 如：No one can do it.=No one is able to do it.

当表示现在或过去“能力所及”时，两者可通用。

I could /was able to run away fast when I was a boy. 但两者用法也有区别：

1. be able to 侧重强调能力，语气上要比can强一些。可用于多种时态，还可以和某些情态动词连用，其后接不定式。 No one is able to do it.

He was able to swim when he was quite young.

II. can也可表示能力，这时它和be able to同义，但它只有现在和过去两种时态形式，不能和其它情态动词连用。 Look! I can swim now.

My father could speak five languages.

III. can还可以表示“请求和允许“，而be able to则不能。 Can I carry your bag?

IV. be able to的过去时还可以表示一种“经过努力做到了”的意思。Can的过去式则没有这种意义。

He started late, but he was able to catch the eight o’clock train Ex: 用can或be able to填空: 1. No one ______ do the work.

2. I ______ not ______ go to work for three days.

3. My little brother ______ swim well when he was only six. 4. I ______ finish the book next week.

5. He tried hard and ______ swim across the river. 3．begin/ start

begin表示“开始”，其内涵是“使处于进程中”。例如：Knowledge begins with practice.从实践开始。

start 表示“开始”，其内涵是“起程”。例如：The meeting began last week.次会议是上星期开始的。会议是个过程，在这个意义上用begin 恰当。再如：A thousand-li journey is stared by taking the first step.千里之行，始于足下。所包含的意义是“起步”，所以用start恰当。

4．borrow/ lend/ keep 这两个动词都有“借”的意思。

1) borrow指向别人借东西（借入），常与from连用。即borrow sth from sb. (somewhere) 向某人或某处借某物 例如：

May I borrow your pen? 我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗？

I borrowed a dictionary from Li Lei yesterday. 我昨天向李磊借了一本字典。 2) lend 指把东西借给别人（借出）。一般后面带双宾语。表示“把某物借给某人”，用lend sb sth=或lend sth to sb 例如：

I often lend her money. 我经常借给她钱。

Thank you very much for lending the dictionary to me. 非常感谢你把词典借给了我。

注意：当sth为代词时，只能说lend sth to sb. 不能说lend sb sth 例如： Please lend it to me. (T) Please lend me it. (F)

3) keep指某物能“借”或“保留”多少时间，是持续性动词，而borrow, lend 都是短暂性动词。

How long can I keep the book? 这本书我能借多久？

I’ll lend you my dictionary, but you can only keep it for one day. 我将把我的字典借给你，但是你只能借一天。

[练习] 用borrow, lend和keep填空：

1. Would you please ______ your pencil to me? 2. I ______ five yuan from him yesterday. 3. You may ______ this book for three days.

4. I’m going to ______ you my bike. 5. Can I ______ your ruler? 5．choose/ select/ pick

choose, select, pick这组动词都有“挑选”的意思。

choose 强调在“选择”某物时的意愿，特别是当挑选物只有两个时，我们应当用choose。如：

You can choose any of the two books.你可以选择这两本书中的任何一本。

当供选择物多时，最好用select，因为有较多的被挑选物，被选人就必须加以鉴别。如： They were selected from many applicants.他们是从许多请求者当中选出来。 pick在用作“挑选”时，不强调鉴别，也不强调意愿。如：

Tom picked a red shirt because he liked red.汤姆挑选了一件红衬衫，因为他喜欢红色。

6．cross/ pass

cross作动词，意为“横过；越过；穿过”，注意across是介词，不可以与cross昏庸，如： They crossed the road。他们过了马路。

pass作动词，是指从某地、某物或某人的旁边“经过”，也表示从某物内部或人与热、无物与物之间“穿过”，还可以表示时间或空间的“经过“。如： He passed the post office just now. 他刚才经过邮局。 7．cost/ pay/ spend/ take 这四个词都可以表示“花费“，但用法有别。

cost的主语必须是“物“或”事“后常接life，money，health，time等词。如： That suit costs me 6$.那件上衣花掉我6美元。 pay的基本意思是“支付”其后常接for，主语是Sb。如： He paid $5 for the book.他买这本书花了5美元

spend的主语必须是“人”宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后接on+名词或接（in）+动名词，但不能接动词不定式。如：

I spent an hour reading。我花了一小时读书。

He spent a lot of money on books．他花了许多钱买书。

take表示“花费”时，其主语与班是“一件事”，其句型为：It takes/took/sb。Some time/some money to do sth。如：

It takes us an hour to go there。到那里去我们要花一个小时。 8．dress/ wear/ put on

dress 作动词，意为“穿衣”。如：She is dressed very well. 她穿得很漂亮。 dress 之后通常接“人”，不接“衣服”。如：Dress yourself quickly. 你快点穿衣服。 wear意为“穿着”，指穿的状态。如：She is wearing a white dress today. 她今天穿着白色的服装。

put on 意为“穿上”，强调穿的动作。如：He put his coat on and went out. 他穿上外衣出去了。

[练习] 用dress, wear或put on 填空：

1) Do we have to ______ evening dress for the party? 2) Get up and ______ quickly.

3) It’s very cold outside. You’d better ______ your coat. 4) ______ she ______ the same clothes? 5) She washed and ______ the baby. 9.find / find out

find通常指发现，找到有形的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况。例如： Where did you find the pen? 你在哪儿找到了这支钢笔？

I found a note on my desk when I came in. 我进来时发现书桌上有张便条。 find out 意为“找出”，“查明”，“发现”，多指通过探索、观察而发现，通常带有“经过困难曲折”的含义，后面接用“无形或隐藏的东西”。常跟宾语从句。例如：

How can you find out who took the book? 你怎能查出谁拿走了这本书？ I’ll be able to find out the weight of the elephant. 我将能弄清楚大象的体重。 Will you try to find out when the train leaves? 请你设法打听一下火车什么时候开，好吗？

[练习] 用find或find out填空：

1) He looked for his book, but couldn’t ______ it. 2) I ______ the baby crying in the next room. 3) Will you please ______ where he lives? 4) I want to ______ who did it.

5) When I went into the room, I ______ John there. 10．hear/ hear of/ hear from

[辨析] hear和hear of都可解作“听说”，hear后面接宾语从句，hear of后面接名词、代词或动名词。Hear还可作“听见”，“听到”解，后面可以接名词、代词+不带to的不定式（或分词）的复合结构。试比较：

I heard him just now. 我刚才听到他说话。

I heard him singing in the next room. 我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌。 I have heard of him. 我听人提到过他。

hear from 意为“收到……的信”，“得到……消息”。例如：

How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父亲的信？ 注意：hear from的宾语是“人”，而不是“信”。试译： 我们好几个星期未收到他的信了。

误：We haven’t heard from his letter for weeks. 正：We haven’t heard from him for weeks. [练习]用hear, hear of或hear from填空：

1. I haven’t ______ my parents for nearly a month.

2. We are sorry to ______ his illness. 3. They ______ a knock at the door. 4. Do you often ______ your aunt? 5. We ______ him going down the stairs. 11．try to do sth/ try doing sth try to do sth 表示“设法/努力/企图做某事”。 I tried to get there at seven, but I was late. 我设法7点到达那里，但还是迟到了。 ◎try doing sth表示“试着做某事”。

Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 12．win/ beat

动词win和beat 都可以表示“赢，胜”，其区别是：win后接比赛、奖品、名声、胜利、游戏、战役等；beat接人、队。

I was very glad when the boys won the relay race. 男同学们赢得了接力赛跑，我非常高兴。

You beat me in the race, but I’ll beat you at tennis. 赛跑你胜了我，但网球我要赢你。

Tom beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.

win a battle打胜仗；win the war赢得战争；win a bet赌赢；win a match比赛获胜；win an election选举获胜。 13．receive/ accept/ take

receive, accept, take这三个词有“接受”的意思。receive通常表示被动的接受。如： Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra ￡100 a year!后来他笑了，并且告诉我说，我将收到100英镑的额外收入 accept通常表示主动而且欣然的接受。如：

She has received his present, but she will not accept it.她收到了他的礼物，但她是不会接受的。

take 所表示的接受包含着有人赐予的意思。如： Did you take his advice?你接受他的意见了吗？ 14．wish /hope

同：wish与hope都有“希望”“想要”的意思。其后均可接不定式和从句，不接动词ing形式。

I wish/hope to visit Hangzhou. 但应注意以下几点不同：

(1) wish后接宾语+不定式，即:wish sb to do sth, 而hope则只接从句，不能说hope sb to do sth.

e.g. I wish you to come here soon. √ I hope that you will come here soon. √

(2) wish 后还可接双宾语，表示“祝愿”，hope则没有这种用法。 Let’s wish you a long life. I wish you a happy new year. We wish you a happy birthday. Ex: 用hope或wish填空：

1. We ______ to see our English teacher. 2. I don’t ______ you to do that any more. 3. I ______ you a happy New Year.

4. He ______that he will become a PLA man. 15．speak/ say/ tell/ talk

[辨析] 这几个词都含有“讲，说”的意思。可是，使用时却各有侧重，不可混淆。

1) speak 意为“说话，演讲，发言”，是指说话的能力和方式，不注重内容。如一岁多的婴儿多半会说话 (speak) ,而不会谈论什么(say或talk)。常作不及物动词，也可作及物动词，后接某种语言。

Who will speak at the meeting? 谁将在会上发言？ The boy is learning to speak. 这小孩正在学说话。

How many languages can you speak? 你能说多少种语言／ Please speak in English. 请用英语说。

2) say 意为“说”，指用言语表达自己的思想，着重述说什么内容（说具体的东西，说单词，句子或说话），多用于引用语之前或之后。 What did he say? 他说写什么？

He said, “I’m sorry, I must go now.” 他说：“对不起，我现在就得走。” He says everything he thinks. 他想说什么就说什么。

3) talk意为“讲，谈话”。指两人或多人之间的谈话，有较强的对答、对轮意义。另外，talk不像speak指演说或正式发言，而是一般的谈话，交谈。talk一般作不及物动词，也可作名词。

Let’s sit down and talk. 让我们坐下来谈谈。 What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么？

It’s time for the meeting. Stop talking, please. 该开会了，请不要讲话了。 Mr Green and Jack had a long talk. 格林先生和杰克进行了一番长谈。 4) tell意为“告诉”，指告诉某人某事，常接双宾语，或讲述一个故事等。例如： Let me tell the good news to everybody. 让我把好消息告诉大家。 I told him to go on. 我吩咐他继续下去。

Nobody told me the answer to the question. 没有人告诉我这个问题的答案。 [练习] 用speak, say, tell或talk填空：

1. The foreign friends ______ us something about their country while they were here.

2. The Englishman didn’t know how to ______ this word in Chinese. 3. She was so scared that she couldn’t ______. 4. He ______ that his classmate’s name was Jack. 5. I want to ______ about my visit to Beijing Section B 一． 单选题

1.The price of houses now is rather high. A lot people can’t ____ it.

A. pay B. take C. afford D. cost

2.I want to ___a table for two. Which of the following words have the same meaning with the underlined word?

A. have B. take C. book D. get

3.This second-hand car _____ me 500 dollars. But I found its window broken.

A. cost B. take C. paid D. spend

4 .Tom, please ______ the meat. I will use it for dumplings.

A. cut down B. cut in C. cut off D. cut up 5.You should not ______ the bus unless it stops completely.

A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get down 6.Don’t _____ your hope when you are discouraged.

A. give in B.give up C. give away D. give off 7. The boys arrived late at the cinema, and _____ the start of the film.

A. caught B. missed C. got D. lost 8. -Do you know the way to the post office?

-Yes. Follow me and I’ll ______ you. A. call B. pick C. show D. invite （阅读理解填词）

Here’s a story about Ming’s life on the waters. Ming has lived all his life on a wide r 1

in china. His home is a large house-boat with a roof, one of hundreds that move up and down. In about six years he has not once been on l 2 ,but he is never lonely. He is a strong swimmer. In face（实际上）,he could swim before he could walk. When he wants to play with his f 3 ,he just swims across to their boats or asks them to v 4 him.

Ming’s father is a fishman,but he never u 5 a line or a net（网）. Great black birds called cormorants do the fishing for him. Rings（圈）have been put around the birds’ n 6

so that they cannot eat the fish they catch. They have been t 7 to bring the fish to people. And then people reward（奖励）them with a fine big fish as soon sa their work is f 8 . Ming loves watching the cormorants, but better still he likes going s 9 with his mother. The shops, of course, are boats very like his o 10 . 1. r 2. l 3. f 4. v 5. u 6. n 7. t 8. f 9. s 10. o

SectionC

三阅读理解 (10分).

There was a bookseller. He did not like to pay for anything, One day a big box of books fell（掉下）on his foot.

“Go to the doctor,” said his wife, “and show that foot to him.”

“No,” he said, “I’ll wait until the doctor comes to our shop next time. Then I’ll ask him about my foot. If I go to see him, I shall have to pay（付款）.” The next day the doctor came to the shop to buy some books. The bookseller told the doctor about his bad foot. The doctor looked at it and promised (答应) to help.

He took out a piece of paper and wrote something on it. “Buy this medicine and put it on the foot before you go to bed every night,” he said.

“Thank you,” said the bookseller, “And now, sir, here are your books.” “How much?” asked the doctor. “Two pound（英磅）.” “Oh, good,” said the doctor. “I shall not have to pay you anything today.”

“Why?” asked the bookseller.

“I look over your foot. I want two pounds for that. If people come to my houses, I ask them to pay only one pound for a small thing like that. But when I go to their houses, I usually charge (收费) two pounds. And I came here today, didn’t I? Bye-bye!”

( )1.The bookseller didn’t want to see the doctor because ________. A. his foot wasn’t hurt. B. He couldn’t go any farther

C. He didn’t have any money to pay the doctor D. He didn’t want to pay the doctor

( )2.The next day the doctor came to the shop _______. A. to buy some books B. to buy medicine

C. to borrow some money D. to see the bookseller ( )3.The seller asked the doctor to pay _______.

A. nothing B. two pounds C. only one pound D. two pound ( )4.The doctor paid the bookseller ________.

A. many money B. much money C. nothing D. two pounds for books

( )5.Which of the following is right? A.The seller didn’t like to pay anything.

B.The seller’s wife didn’t want him to go to the doctor.

C. The seller was cleverer than the doctor.D. The doctor didn’t go to the shop to buy any things.