关于经济的英语单词

关于经济的英语单词

rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 economist 经济学家

socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 primary sector 初级成分

private sector 私营成分,私营部门 public sector 公共部门,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中

holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长

economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设

standard of living 生活标准,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的

国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incentive to 投入 input

宏观控制 exercise macro-control

优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 输入活力 bring vigor into

改善经济环境 improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order

有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 实在的 tangible

全体会议 plenary session

生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 举措 move

实事求是 seek truth from facts 引进、输入 importation 和平演变 peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go (at sth.)

精华、精粹、实质 quintessence

家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises 商品经济 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone

零售 retail

发电量 electric energy production 有色金属 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使负担 be saddled with

营业发达的公司 going concerns

被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的 receptive

增额、增值、增长 increment 发展过快 excessive growth

抽样调查 data from the sample survey

扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded) 实际增长率 actual growth rate

国际收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 总工资 total wages

分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds

管理不善 poor management

一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points

以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义

思想、坚持改革开放

the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.

改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。

Reform is \"the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.\" 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，

是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。

The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.

社会主义的最终目标是生产力，消灭剥削，消除两极分化，最终达到。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.

要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。

to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the \"Left\" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted \"Left\" influence. 中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。

China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard

against the \"Left\"deviation.

资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。

Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged. 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新。

to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 各尽所能，按劳/需分配。

from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 经济结构改革。

reform in economic structure

剩余劳动力。 surplus labor 经营机制

operative mechanism 发挥市场的调节作用

to give play to the regulatory role of the market

经济和法律的杠杆

economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合

to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制

a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 取消国家对农产品的统购统销

to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 改革重点转移到城市

the focus of reform is shifted to the cities

国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设

The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.

逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。

to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and techn ology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.

社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。

The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.

国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。

The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。

The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.

农业 farming 林业 forestry

畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing

第一产业 primary industry 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry

生产资料 means of production

生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership

厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业 joint venture

合作企业 cooperative enterprise

独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 亚洲金融危机 financial crisis in Asia

沿海经济开发区 open coastal economic area 养老保险 endowment insurance 养老金 pension 养路费 road toll 以产定人,减员增效

employ workers in accordance with production needsand increase efficiency while reducing the staff

异地资金汇划 fund remittance between different places 一个中心,两个基本点 one central task, two basic points 以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展

the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant and diverse

sectors of the economy developing side by side 一级市场 primary market 溢价 premium

溢价发行债券(以超过票面金额价发行债券) issue of bonds at a premium 以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction 一揽子(计划) one-package (plan)

一揽子购买 lump-sum purchase; basket purchase 以人为本 people oriented; people foremost

以上海浦东开发开放为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市 open more cities along the Yangtze River, while concentrating on the development and opening of the Pudong Area of Shanghai

隐性收入 invisible income; off-payroll income; side money 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 \"

strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality\"

以质量求发展 strategy of development through quality; win the market with quality products

以资证明 in witness whereof; in testimony thereof 印花税 stamp duty / tax 隐性就业 unregistered employment

牧人 invisible income; off-payroll income 隐性失业 recessive unemployment 赢利能力 profitability

营销管理 marketing management 营业税 turnover tax; business tax 永久正常贸易关系 permanent normal trading relations (PNTR) 优化结构 optimize structure

优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 优化资源配置 optimize the allocation of resources

优化组合 optimization grouping; optional regrouping 优惠贷款 loans on favorable terms 有机农业 organic agriculture 优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest

优势互补 (of two countries or companies) have complementary advantages 幼稚工业 infant industry

游资 idle money / fund; floating capital

与国际惯例接轨 become compatible with internationally accepted practices 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 预算外收入 extra-budgetary revenue 预算外支出 off-budget expenditure 远景规划 perspective long-term plan

远景计划 long-term development targets 远期合同 forward contract 原始资本 original capital 再贷款 re-lending; subloan 在孵（孵化器）企业 incubated enterprises (incubator) 再就业服务中心 re-employment service center 再就业工程 re-employment project / program

宰（客） to swindle money out of our customers 在途资金 fund in float 增发股票 increase issues in stocks

增加信任,减少麻烦,发展合作,不搞对抗

enhance trust, reduce trouble,develop cooperation and avoid confrontation

造假帐 falsified accounts value added tax(VAT) 渣打银行 The Chartered Bank 债台高筑 become debt-ridden 债转股 debt-to-equity swap 招标 invite a bid

招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 招股说明书 prospectus

招商局 China Merchants Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. (China Merchants) 招商引资 attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas) 朝阳产业 sunrise industry 折旧费 depreciation charge

折衷方案 a compromise proposal 振兴经济 revitalize the economy 性贷款 policy-based lending; policy-related loan

性亏损 policy-related losses; losses incurred due to policy decisions 银行 policy banks 采购 government procurement 搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏

\"Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show 干预 government intervention 政企不分

without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up

政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management 证券化 securitisation

证券监督管理委员会 securities supervision commission

证券营业部 stock exchange; security exchange 支付能力 payment capacity 直接三通与双向交流

three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade)and bilateral exchanges

质量管理 quality control

质量认证体系认证证书 certificate of the system of quality certification 知识产权 intellectual property

知识经济 knowledge-based economy

知识经济 \"knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy\"

直销 direct marketing; door-to-door sale 滞销商品 unmarketable goods 制止外汇流失 prevent foreign exchange flight

中关村科技园区 Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park

中国出口商品交易会(广交会) China Export Commodities Fair (Guangzhou Fair) 中国经济景气监测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center 中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit 中国 China's Securities Regulatory Commission 重合同、守信用的原则

the principle of equality and mutual benefit and “honoring contracts adn standing by reputation“

重合同,守信用 abide by contracts and keep one's words 《中华人民共和国消费者权益保》

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests

中华人民共和国渔政渔港监督管理局

Administration of Fishery and Fishing Harbor Supervision of the PRC 股票的）中签 win the lot for IPO (股票的）中签率 lot winning rate

大型企业工委 Central Work Committee for Large Enterprises 经济工作会议 the Central Economic Working Conference 商务区 central business district (CBD) 注册会计师 certificated public accountant (CPA) 注册资本 registered capital 主体经济 the mainstay of the economy

抓大放小,三改一加强 (Efforts were focused on) the reform, reorganization,upgrading and better management of enterprises, aiming at well managing large enterprises while adopting more flexible policies toward small ones

抓住机遇,深化改革,扩大开放,促进发展,保持稳定 seize the current opportunity,deepen the reform,

open China wider to the outside world,promote development and maintain stability

抓住机遇 seize the opportunity

转轨 transfer to a different track; retracking

转轨经济 economies in transition; transition economy

转化机制 (of State-owned enterprises) to shift to new management mechanisms 专属经济区 exclusive economic zone

专业化分工 division of labor based on specialization

追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development

准备金 reserve fund; capital reserves 准上市公司 pro-listed companies 资本额过多 overcapalisation

资本利润率 rate of return on capital 资本外逃 capital flight 资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets; maintenance and appreciation of assets value

资产剥离 peel off (bad) assets of a company

资产重组 reorganized assets; assets reorganization 资产负债表 balance sheet 资产 assets control

资金到位 fully funded (project) 资金划拨 capital allocation

资金汇划 fund remittance and transfer 自由竞争 free competition 自由流通 free flow 自由贸易区 free-trade zone 自足经济 self-sufficient economy 最低工资保障制度 minimum wage guarantee system

最低生活保证制度 system for ensuring a minimum standard of living 最惠国待遇 most-favored-nation status 最终用户 end user