⾼考英语写作中常见的修辞⼿法
引⾔：2017年正迎来紧张的⾼考备考阶段，为帮助⼤家减轻压⼒，提⾼英语考试成绩，店铺为各位考⽣整理了写作中⼀些常见的修辞⼿法，希望⼤家加以利⽤，⾼分作⽂不是梦! 1.Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对⽐.这种共性存在于⼈们的⼼⾥,⽽不是事物的⾃然属性. 标志词常⽤ like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某⼀事物的名称⽤于另⼀事物,通过⽐较形成. 例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,⽽使⽤另⼀个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. ⽔开了.
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋⼈安静地坐着. II.以资料.⼯具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎⼠⽐亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有⼒⽓,他们就⽤我的⼒⽓赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻⽤部分代替全体,或⽤全体代替部分,或特殊代替⼀般. 例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的⼚⾥约有100名⼯⼈.
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代⼀般) 他是本世纪的⽜顿.
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐⽪围脖与你的帽⼦很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运⽤，能突破语⾔的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强⽂采的艺术效果。⽐如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到⾳乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的⾳乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱⼦;⼜⽐如朱⾃清《荷塘⽉⾊》⾥的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清⾹,仿佛远处⾼楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如:
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(⽤视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声⾳联想到百合花) 鸟⼉落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声⾳.
2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(⽤嗅觉形容听觉) 品尝Mozart的⾳乐. 6.Personification 拟⼈
拟⼈是把⽣命赋予⽆⽣命的事物. 例如:
1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟⼈化)
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟⼈化) 7.Hyperbole 夸张
夸张是以⾔过其实的说法表达强调的⽬的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如:
1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排⽐, 平⾏
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构⼤体相同或相似,意思相关,语⽓⼀致的短语.句⼦排列成串,形成⼀个整体. 例如:
1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all arehappy.
2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. Inthe days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately. 9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指⽤委婉,⽂雅的⽅法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去⽅便⼀下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻⼦关系不融洽. 3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世) 10.Allegory 讽喻,⽐⽅(原意“寓⾔”)
建⽴在假借过去或别处的'事例与对象之上，传达暗⽰，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英⽂解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an
extended metaphor 摘⾃英语专业《⼤学英语教程》⼀书
这是⼀种源于希腊⽂的修辞法,意为\"换个⽅式的说法\".它是⼀种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 例如:
1>.Make the hay while the sun shines. 表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草 真正意味：趁热打铁
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword. 表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑
