公共英语三级阅读题和答案

公共英语三级阅读题和答案

Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social condition that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United State have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary〞 and “individual theorists〞 were in reality connected to a movement — utopian socialism — which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a plete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be e*panded to include the ideological development of feminism.

The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood

Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to saint-simonianism European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.

Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This plementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they

nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both se*es

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in their utopia.

Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of se*ual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believe that individuals of both se*es were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that se*ual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life. 1. It can be inferred that the author consider those historians who describe early feminists in the United States as “solitary〞 to be

[A] insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought.

[B] overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848.

[C] not focused narrowly enough in their geographical scope.

[D] insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference.

2. The author’s attitude toward European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of

[A] approval of the specific focus of their research.

[B] disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians’ energy after 1832.

[C] approval of their general focus on social conditions.

[D] disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts.

3. The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of the Saint-Simonians E*CEPT

[A] The group included many women among its members.

[B] The group believed in a world that would be characterized by se*ual equality.

[C] The group was among the earliest European socialist groups.

[D] Most members believed that women and men were inherently similar in ability and character.

4. It can be inferred from the te*t that the Saint-Simonians envisioned a utopian society having which of the following characteristics? [A] It would be worldwide.

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[B] It would emphasize dogmatic religious principles. [C] It would most influence the United States.

[D] It would have armies posed of women rather than of men.

5. According to the te*t, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?

[A] A society in which women were highly regarded for their e*tensive education.

[B] A society in which the two genders played plementary roles and had equal status.

[C] A society in which women did not enter public life.

[D] A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power. 1. 【答案】A

【考点解析】此题是一道标点符号题。通过此题题干中的“solitary〞一词可将此题的答案信息中心确定在第一段第十行即第一段第四句话，通过仔细阅读和理解本句话以及本句前后的两句话，可以得出此题的正确选项A。其实美国的女权主义运动者并不“孤单〞(solitary)，因为她们的思想和行动是和欧洲的女权主义者有着千丝万缕的联系，是国际女权运动的一局部。考生在解题时要善于理解标点符号，更要善于对原文的细节进展推导。 2. 【答案】B

【考点解析】此题是一道细节推导题。根据此题题干中的“European historians〞可将此题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段第四句，通过阅读本句分号前后的容，可以推导出作者的态度是否认的，其否认原因是第二段第四句分号前半局部所表达的容。此题的正确答案应该是B。考生在解题时一定要注意原文细节的推导，尤其是分句之间存在因果关系的时候。

3. 【答案】D

【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题。但是此题的题干确没有明确给出此题在原文中的准确信息来源。这时考生就会迷失答题思路。请同学们一定要记住：每当自己迷失答题思路时，一定要多想一想全文的中心主旨句和每段的主题句，这会帮生寻找到解题的思路。此题的正确答案应该是D，因为选项D所表达的容和本文尾段第一、二句所表达的容相反。选项A、B、C的容分别在第三段第一句、第三段第二句以及第二段首句涉及。考生在解题时一定要牢记段落主题句。 4. 【答案】A

【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。从此题题干中的“envisioned〞(设想，预想)一词可将此题的答案信息来源迅速确定在倒数第二段第一句和第二句，因为倒数第二段第一句含有“project〞(方案，规划)一词，倒数第二段第二句含有表示未来的“would〞一词。通过

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仔细阅读倒数第二段的第一、二句话，发现这两句话都包含“globe〞或“world〞，可见此题的正确选项应该是A。考生在解题时一定要善于利用题干中的词语迅速而准确地进展审题定位。

5. 【答案】B

【考点解析】这是一道反推题。通过此题题干中的“most Saint-Simonians〞可将此题的答案信息来源迅速确定在尾段的第一句。根据尾段第一句进展反推即逆向思维，可得出此题的正确答案是B。考生在解题时一定要时时牢记反推题型，并且经常利用自己的逆向思维能力

Certain animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects ands a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne (1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day to make up plover’s nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nest if more than one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalist that a certain type of wasp always provides five-never four, never si*-caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces. These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than human can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problem by stomping their hooves number of times. Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survive as a species-as in the case of the eggs-or survive as individuals -as in the case of food. There is on transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can “count〞 only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small-no more than seven or eight. In lab e*periments, animals trained to count one kind of object were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animal’s admittedly remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate instinct, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers. 1.

What is the main idea of the passage?

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A. Careful training is required to teach animals to perform tricks involving numbers

B. Animas cannot count more than one kind of object C. of all animals, dogs and horses can count best

D. Although some animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count 2.

The author refers to Gilbert’s book in paragraph 1 in order to___. A. show how attitudes have changed since 1786 B. Contradict the idea that animals can count.

C. provide evidence that some birds are aware of quantities. D. Indicate that more research is needed in this field. 3.

The word “surreptitiously〞 in line 4 is closest in meaning to ___. A. quickly B. secretly C. occasionally D. stubbornly 4.

The author mentions that all of the following are aware of quantities in some way E*CEpT___. A. plovers B. mice C. caterpillars D. wasps 5.

According to the information in the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to occur as a result of animal’s intuitive awareness of quantities? A. A pigeon is more attracted by a bo* containing two pieces of food than by a bo* containing one piece.

B. When asked by its trainer how old it is, a monkey holds up five fingers. C. When one of its four kittens crawls away, a mother cat misses it and searches for the missing kitten.

D. A lion follows one antelope instead of a herd of antelopes because it is easier to hunt a single prey.

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解析： 1.D

文章中介绍了*些动物很惊人的数字能力。但是无论怎样，他们对数字的感觉也只是一种本能。 2.C

作者举这个例子是为了证明他所提出的*些动物能够认知*些东西的数量。 3.B

根据上下文以及我们的常识，观察动物的习性是需要很长时间，而且应该是隐蔽的。 4.C

It has also been noted by naturalist that a certain type of wasp always provides five-never four, never si*-caterpillars for each of their eggs。 5.B

When asked by its trainer how old it is, a monkey holds up five fingers.无论猴子的反响是什么样子，都只是一种反复训练之后的一种本能的反映。而不是真正的说出他的年龄.

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior e*ecutives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition〞 to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.

Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an e*cuse for capriciousness.

Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem e*ists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on e*perience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!〞 e*perience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as

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a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior e*ecutives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

One of the implications of the intuitive style of e*ecutive management is that “thinking〞 is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know〞 what is right before they can analyze and e*plain it, they frequently act first and e*plain later. Analysis is ine*tricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their panies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more plete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. 1. According to the te*t, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways E*CEPT to

[A] speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem. [B] identify a problem.

[C] bring together disparate facts. [D] stipulate clear goals.

2. The te*t suggests which of the following about the “writers on management〞 mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?

[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.

[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.

[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.

[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business

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decisions.

3. It can be inferred from the te*t that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager *, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?

[A] Manager * analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.

[B] Manager * checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.

[C] Manager * takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.

[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on e*perience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager * does not.

4. The te*t provides support for which of the following statements?

[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.

[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

[C] Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills. [D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical e*perience more efficiently.

5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the te*t?

[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting e*ample is given. [B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced. [C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized. [D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated. 1. 【答案】D

【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题。此题题干中的“senior managers〞暗示此题的答案信息在第三段，因为第三段首句包含题干中的“senior managers〞。通过仔细阅读和理解本段中所谈到的五点，我们可推导出此题的正确选项是选项D。此题选项A、B、C所涉及的容分别在本段的第五点、第一点和第三点提到。考生在解题时一定要学会认真归纳和总结原文所表达的每一层含义。 2. 【答案】D

【考点解析】这是一道句间关系题。题干已将此题的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是此题答案信息的最主要来源，通过阅读和理解此句，我们可推导出此题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要适当理解上下句之间的关系。

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3. 【答案】C

【考点解析】此题是一道审题定位题。题干中的“who uses intuition to reach decisions〞暗示此题的答案信息在第四段，因为第四段首句含有和题干中“who uses intuition to reach decisions〞大致一样的“the intuitive style of e*ecutive

management〞。通过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话，我们可发现第四段的第一句话都在强调“act〞(行动)，可见此题的正确选项应该是强调行动的选项C。此题的答案信息来源是第四段的第二句话。考生在解题时一定要首先准确地审题定位，然后要善于归纳和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。 4. 【答案】D

【考点解析】此题是一道审题定位题。题干中并没有明确指出此题答案信息在原文的准确位置。在这种情况下，考生往往迷失解题思路。在考生迷失解题思路时一定要牢记全文中心主旨，并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能够抓住第一段的尾句，并结合第三段的第四、五句，就可以推导出此题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解题时，尤其是在迷失解题思路时，一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句，同时还要抓一些明确表示启承转合关系的句子构造。 5. 【答案】B

【考点解析】此题是一道段落构造题。第一句话中的“do not〞和第二句句首的“rather〞是破解此题的关键。抓住这两个关键就可以推导出此题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要注意表示否认的词语以及表示启承转合的词语，更要注意句子之间的相互关系。

Kitchen Design

Over the years economic, social and technological factors have influenced the design of kitchens. Since it is often used simultaneously by both family members as well as guests, the kitchen requires not only a glamorous look but a practical one. Also, the design elements must meet the needs of the modern family. Environmental concerns have had an enormous impact on kitchen design. This concern includes recycling of house hold material, as well as energy efficient appliances and the purity of both water and air. Research shows that up to 85 percent of the population is concerned about what might be in their drinking water. They are also often dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what es out of their tap. This is why it's important to consider adding a water filter system. The character of today's kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago. There's more sophistication in food preparation, and more technological help with cooking and clean-up.

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When choosing cabinets, first consider the style. Use the architectural style of your house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big investment, it is best to choose quality. Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed panel doors with raised or recessed panels of wood, cabinet fronts with glass panes, or simple slab doors in a rich painted or laminated finish. Cabinet pulls, don't be afraid to mi* and match styles.

Because many of today's kitchens consist of two of more cooks sharing in the meal preparation, there is a need for more counter space, cooktops and sinks. Although lifestyles are changing, the primary function of the kitchen as an area for preparing food has remained unchanged. The sink remains one of the most used areas in the kitchen as well as an important decorative statement. Appliance technology is moving at a very fast pace. Choosing what type of appliances as well as how many will depend on several factors such as how often and how much you cook and the size of your kitchen.

Don't limit yourself to one of each kind of appliance. You can have a refrigerator in one place and a freezer in a separate area or two sets of cooktops, one on the counter ne*t to the wall oven and one on an island. You can even have two dishwashers if size and budget require and permit---think of it as saving time in the long run.

1. A well-designed kitchen should be modern, beautiful and practical at the same time.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2. Being harmless to the environment is the top priority in kitchen design. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3. Quality matters the most when you are choosing kitchen cabinets. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4. More counter space, cooktops and sink are needed in today's kitchens because food preparation is more plicated than it used to be. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5. The design of the sink is indicative of a kitchen designer's intelligence A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6. Means of saving labor, appliances should be replaced whenever new models e out

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7. It is the amount of time you can spend in the kitchen that decides how

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many appliances of the same kind you should buy A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 1.A2.C3.A4.B5.A6.C7.B Three attitudes to life

__1__. You may approach life with the philosophy of the vegetable, in which case your life will consist in being born, eating, drinking, sleeping mating, growing old, and dying.

__2__. A great many so-called successful men and women believe that life is a business, and they arrange their conduct and behavior accordingly. If you believe that life is a business your first question of life, naturally, is “what do I get out of it?〞 __3__.

The great majority of human beings today look at life as if it were a business.__4__.

The third attitude toward life is the approach of the artist. Here the basic philosophy is “what can I put into it? 〞, and the basic relation of the individual to his follow-men is one of cooperation and mon sense.__5__. The more we investigate and the more we learn about living the more we bee convinced that the artistic attitude is the only one which is consistent with human happiness. A. In a word based on this attitude, happiness bees a matter of successful petition.

B. As a human being you have the choice of three basic attitudes towards life. C. Their basic philosophy is one of petition and efficiency.

D. The second basic attitude is to look at life as if it were a business. E. This point of view has been proved by history; for history remembers best those who have contributed most richly to the interests of their follow-men. F. Is a proper attitude of life sure to bring about a happy life? 1B 2D 3A4C 5E Teamwork in Tourism

Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.

Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor e*tensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are e*perts in organizing different types of tours and ____(1)____. They

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distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours ____(2)____. Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn ____(3)____ and to suggest different modes and binations of travel - planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.

Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the fort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, ____(4)____, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients. The same confidence e*ists between agencies and carriers, ____(5)____. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers. A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.

B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours. C in preparing effective advertising campaigns D as a result tourism is flouring in all countries E hotels rely upon agencies F to e*plain destinations 标准答案： C,B,F,E,A、